BERKElfY 

XRY 

UNIVERSITY  Of 
CALIFORNIA 


'DCATIOff 


LIBB 


tLASSICAL    WORKS 


LATIN  TEXT-BOOKS. 

Earkness's  Introductory  Latin  Book,  intended  as  an  Elementary 
Drill-Book  on  the  Inflections  and  Principles  of 

Latin  Grammar,  for  Schools  and  CoUegytT.    Revised 


Edition. 


Elements  of  Latin  Grammar,  for, 
Latin  Eeader,  with  References,  8 


Notes, 
and  Vocabulary". 

Practical  Introduction  to  Latin  Composition,  for 
Schools  and  Colleges.  Part  I.  Elementary  Exercises,  intended 
as  a  Companion  to  the  Reader.  Part  II.  Latin  Syntax.  Part 
III.  Elements  of  Latin  Style,  witty  special  Reference  to  Idioms 
and  Synonyms,    (fast  published1;)  ,  \ 

Cswar's  Commentaries  on  the  Gallic  War,  with 

Notes,  Dictionary,  Life  of  Caesar,  Map  of  Gaul,  Plans  of  Bat- 
tle*, etc.  / 

Cicero's  Select  Orations,  with  Notes,  etc. 

Arnold's  First  and  Second  Latin  Book  and  Practical  Gram- 
mar.* Revised  and  corrected.  By  J.  A.  Spencer,  D.  D.  12mo. 
359  patron. 

Practical  Introduction  to  Latin  Prose  Composi- 
tion.* RevWed  and  corrected.  By  J.  A.  Spencer,  D.D.  12mo. 
856  page*.'      \ 

Cornelius  Nepos,*  with  Questions  and  Answers,  and  an  Imitative 
Exercise  on  each  Chapter.  With  Notes  by  E.  A.  Johnson,  Pro- 
fessor of  Latin  Vi  University  of  New  York.  New  edition,  en- 
larged, with  a  Lexicon,  Historical  and  Geographical  Index,  etc. 
12mo.    860  pages. 

Beza's  Latin  Version  of  the  New  Testament.   12mo.  291  pages. 

CaBsar's  Commentaries  on  the  Gallio  War.  With  BnfUflh 
Notes,  Critical  and  Explanatory;  a  Lexicon,  Geographical  and 
Historical  Indexes,  and  a  Map  of  Gaul.  By  J.  A.  Spencer,  D.D. 
Uma    408  pages. 

Cicero's  Select  Orations.  With  Notes  for  the  use  of  Schools  and 
Colleges.  By  E.  A.  Johnson,  Professor  of  Latin  in  the  Univer- 
sity of  New  York.    12mo.    459  pages. 

Cioero  de  Officiis.  With  English  Notes,  mostly  translated  from 
Zump  and  Bonnell.  By  Thomas  A.  Tuacher,  of  Yale  College. 
12mo.    194  pages. 


STANDARD  CLASSICAL  WORKS. 


Horace,  The  Works  of.  With  English  Notes,  for  the  use  of 
Schools  and  Colleges.  By  J.  L.  Lincoln,  Professor  of  Latin 
Langaage  and  Literature  in  Brown  University.  12mo.  575  pages. 

Livy.  Selections  from  the  first  five  books,  together  with  the  twen- 
ty-first and  twenty-second  books  entire.  With  a  Plan  of  Kome, 
and  a  Map  of  the  Passage  of  Hannibal,  and  English  Notes  for 
the  use  of  Schools.  By  J.  L.  Lincoln,  Prof,  of  the  Latin  Lan- 
guage and  Literature  in  Brown  University.    12mo.    329  pages. 

Quintus  Curtius :  Life  and  Exploits  of  Alexander  the  Great. 
Edited  and  illustrated  with  English  Notes,  by  William  Henrt 
Cbosbt.    12mo.    385  pages. 

Sallust's  Jugurtha  and  Catilina.  With  Notes  and  a  Vocabu- 
lary.   By  Butler  and  Stubqus.    12mo.    397  pages. 

It  is  believed  that  this  will  be  found  superior  to  any  edition 
heretofore  published  in  this  country. 

The  Histories  of  Tacitus.  With  Notes  for  Colleges.  By  W.  S. 
Tyler,  Professor  of  Latin  and  Greek  in  Amherst  College. 
12mo.    453  pages. 

Tacitus's  Germania  and  Agrieola.  With  Notes  for  Colleges. 
By  W.  S.  Tyler.    12mo.    193  pages. 

Virgil's  JEneid.*    With  Explanatory  Notes.    By  Henry  Frieze, 
Professor  of  Latin  in  the  State  University  of  Michigan.    (Re- 
cently published.)    12mo.    598  pages. 
The  type  is  unusual  y  large  and  distinct.    The  work  contains 

eighty-five  engravings,  which  delineate  the  usageSj  customs,  weap- 
ons, arts,  and  mythology  of  the  ancients,  with  a  vividness  that  can 

be  attained  only  by  pictorial  illustrations. 


GREEK  TEXT-BOOKS. 

A  First  Greek  Book*  and  Introductory  Reader.  By  A. 
Harkness,  Ph.D.,  author  of  "Arnold's  First  Latin  Book." 
"Second  Latin  Book,"  etc.  (Eecently  published.)  12mo. 
276  pages. 

Acts  Of  the  Apostles,  according  to  the  text  of  Atjgtjsttjs  Hahn. 
With  Notes  and  a  Lexicon  by  John  J.  Owen,  D.  D.,  LL.  D. 
With  Map.    12mo. 

Arnold's  First  Greek  Book,*  on  the  Plan  of  the  First  Latin 
Book.    12mo.    297  pages. 

Arnold's  Practical  Introduction  to  Greek  Prose  Composi- 
tion.*   12mo.    297  pages. 

1 Second  Part  to  the  above.*    12mo.    248  pages. 


^P~  SEE  END  OP  THIS  VOLUME. 


JOHN  S.  PRELL 

Civil  &  Mechanical  Engineer. 

SAN  FRANCISCO,  CAL, 

LATIN    EEADEE, 


INTENDED   AS   A 


COMPANION 


TO   THE 


AUTHOR'S  LATIN  GRAMMAR. 


REFERENCES,  SUGGESTIONS,  NOTES  AND  VOCABULARY. 


ALBERT    IIARKNESS, 

PROFESSOR  IN  BROWN   UNIVERSITY. 


RE  VISED    EDITION. 


NEW  YOKE: 

D.    APPLETON    AND    COMPANY, 

549    &    551    BROADWAY. 

1870. 


Entered,  according  to  Act  of  Congress,  In  the  year  Hf>5,  by 

ALBERT  HAliKNESS, 

Iu  the  Clerk's  Ofi'ioe  of  the  District  Court  of   Bbode  Island 


Entered,  according  to  Act  of  Congress,  in  the  year  1875,  by 

D.  APPLETON  &  COMPANY, 

In  th«  Office  of  the  Librarian  of  Congress,  at  Washington. 


llMt. 


Add  to  Lib. 


PAsto^r 

PEEFAOE         IjJj^, 

TO    THE    REVISED    EDITION.  V 


The  object  of  the  present  revision  is  to  adapt  the 
Reader  to  the  Revised  Edition  of  the  author's  Grammar. 
Accordingly,  all  references  are  made  to  that  edition. 

But,  in  connection  with  this  special  object,  it  has  been 
thought  best  to  give  the  whole  work  a  somewhat  careful 
revision.  Various  slight  changes  have,  therefore,  been  in- 
troduced in  different  portions  of  the  volume.  In  Part 
First  a  few  sentences  and  constructions,  deemed  too  diffi- 
cult, have  given  place  to  others,  which  will  be  found,  it  is 
hoped,  better  adapted  to  the  wants  of  the  learner. 

The  method  of  instruction  adopted  in  the  series  of 
Latin  text-books  to  which  this  volume  belongs  requires 
that  the  Reading  Lessons  should  be  accompanied  by  regu- 
lar Exercises  in  translating  English  into  Latin.  Ample 
provision  is  made  for  such  exercises  in  the  author's  Intro- 
duction to  Latin  Composition,  which  is  intended  to  be  put 
into  the  hands  of  the  pupil  when  he  begins  the  Reader, 
and  to  be  used  in  weekly  lessons  throughout  his  entire 
preparatory  course.  That,  in  general,  such  exercises  should 
form  a  regular  progressive  series,  and  be  published  in  a 
separate  volume,  scarcely  admits  of  a  doubt ;  but,  for  the 
accommodation  of  certain  schools,  in  which  a  large  propor- 

f       717 


IV  PREFACE   TO   THE   REVISED  EDITION. 

tion  of  the  pupils  pursue  the  study  of  the  Latin  only  a  very 
limited  time,  it  has  been  deemed  advisable  to  insert  Part 
First  of  the  Latin  Composition  in  a  special  edition  of  the 
Reader.  This  arrangement  will  furnish  such  schools  the 
full  benefit  of  an  elementary  drill  in  Latin  Composition, 
without  involving  the  necessity  of  procuring  a  separate 
work  upon  that  subject.  The  special  edition  will  be  en- 
titled the  "  Reader  with  Exercises."  The  title  of  the  reg- 
ular edition  will  remain  unchanged. 
Providence,  December  15,  18*74. 


PBEFACE. 


The  Latin  Reader  now  offered  to  the  public  is  intended  as 
a  companion  to  the  author's  Latin  Grammar.  It  comprises 
Reading  Lessons,  Suggestions  to  the  Learner,  Notes,  and  a 
Vocabulary. 

The  Reading  Lessons  are  abundantly  supplied  with  refer- 
ences to  the  Grammar,  and  are  arranged  in  two  parts. 

Part  First  presents  a  progressive  series  of  exercises  illus- 
trative of  grammatical  forms,  inflections,  and  rules.  These 
exercises  are  intended  to  accompany  the  learner  from  the  very 
outset  in  his  progress  through  the  Grammar,  and  thus  to  fur- 
nish him  the  constant  luxury  of  using  the  knowledge  which  he 
is  acquiring.  They  have  been  carefully  selected  from  classical 
authors. 

Tart  Second  illustrates  connected  discourse,  and  comprises 
Fables,  Anecdotes,  and  History.  The  Anecdotes  have  been 
selected  from  various  classical  sources ;  the  other  portions  have 
been  derived  chiefly  from  the  Lateinisches  Elementarbuch  of 
Professors  Jacobs  and  Doring,  though,  in  the  Grecian  History, 
Arnold's  Historiae  Antiquae  Epitome,  founded  upon  the  work 
of  Jacob  and  Doring,  has  furnished  a  few  extracts.  The  His- 
torical selections  were,  with  a  few  exceptions,  derived  originally 
from  the  Latin  historians  Eutropius,  Justin,  and  Cornelius 
Ncpos. 


VI  PREFACE. 

The  Suggestions  to  the  Learner  are  intended  to  direct  the 
unskilful  efforts  of  the  beginner,  and  thus  to  enable  him  to  do 
for  himself  much  which  would  otherwise  require  the  aid  of  his 
teacher,  and  to  do  easily  and  pleasantly  much  which  would 
otherwise  be  difficult  and  repulsive.  They  aim  to  point  out  to 
him  the  process  by  which  he  may  most  readily  and  surely  reach 
the  meaning  and  the  structure  of  a  Latin  sentence,  and  then  to 
teach  him  to  embody  that  meaning  in  clear  idiomatic  English. 
Experience  has  abundantly  shown  the  need  of  some  such  direc- 
tions. The  beginner's  first  efforts  to  solve  the  problem  pre- 
sented by  a  Latin  sentence  are  too  often  little  better  than  a 
series  of  unsuccessful  conjectures,  while  his  first  translations 
are  purely  mechanical  renderings,  with  little  regard  either  to 
the  thought  of  his  author  or  to  the  proprieties  of  his  mother 
tongue. 

The  Notes  aim  to  furnish  such  collateral  information  as  will 
enable  the  learner  to  appreciate  the  subject  matter  of  his 
ing  lessons,  and  such  special  aid  as  will  enable  him  to  surmount 
real  and  untried  difficulties.  Grammatical  references  can  be 
employed  only  to  solve  grammatical  difficulties;  and,  though 
for  this  purpose  they  are  absolutely  invaluable,  it  is  yet  a  mis- 
take to  suppose  that  they  can  ever  supply  the  place  of  com- 
mentary. 

In  the  Vocabulary,  the  aim  has  been  to  give  to  each  word 
the  particular  meanings  which  occur  in  the  readin 
without  omitting,  however,  its  essential    and   leading  signifi- 
cation. 

At  the  solicitation  of  many  eminent  classical  Professors  and 
Teachers,  the  author  has  it  in  contemplation  to  publish  .in  In- 
troduction to  Latin  Composition,  consisting  of  two  parts,  the 
first  intended  for  the  beginner,  and  the  second  for  the  more 
advanced   student.      Accordingly,  the  present  work  ha- 


PEEFACE.  Vil 

made  simply  a  Reader,  and  all  Exercises  in  writing  Latin  have 
been  reserved  for  a  future  volume. 

With  this  statement  of  the  design  and. plan  of  the  work,  the 
author  commits  it  to  classical  instructors,  in  the  hope  that,  in 
their  hands,  it  may  render  some  useful  service  in  the  important 
work  of  classical  instruction. 

Providence,  Aug,  21^,  1865. 


CONTENTS 


PART  FIRST. 

GRAMMATICAL      EXERCISES. 

PAGE 

Nouns 1 

Adjectives 3 

Pronouns 4 

Verbs 5 

Syntax  of  Nouns 9 

Agreement  of  Nouns 9 

Nominative 10 

Vocative i 10 

Accusative 10 

Dative 13 

Genitive 16 

Ablative 19 

Syntax  of  Adjectives 26 

Syntax  of  Pronouns 26 

Syntax  of  Verbs 28 

Agreement 28 

Indicative 28 

Subjunctive 29 

Imperative 35 

Infinitive 35 

Gerunds  and  Gerundives 37 

Supines 39 

Participles 39 

Syntax  of  Particles , 40 


x  CONTENTS. 

PART   SECOND. 

LATIN     SELECTIONS. 

KMI 

Fables 41 

Anecdotes 45 

.Roman  History 52 

Feriod  I.  Italian  and  Roman  kings 52 

II.  Roman  Struggles  and  Conquests 58 

III.  Roman  Triumphs 65 

IV.  Civil  Dissensions 72 

Grecian  History 80 

Period  I.  Grecian  Triumphs 80 

II.  Civil  War*  Jn  Greece 84 

III.  Graeco-Mcx:edonian  Empire 89 

Suggestions  to  the  Learner 99 

Notes 109 

Latin-English  Vocabulary 139 


EXPLANATIONS  OF  REFERENCES  AND  ABBREVIATIONS. 


The  reference  numerals  in  the  Latin  text,  and  in  the  Suggestions, 
refer  to  the  author's  Latin  Grammar,  the  Eevised  Edition. 

In  the  Notes  and  Vocabulary,  the  Arabic  numerals  refer,  when 
enclosed  in  parentheses,  to  articles  in  this  work ;  and,  when  not 
thus  enclosed,  to  articles  in  the  Grammar. 


The  folio  wing  abbreviations  occur 

adj adjective. 

adv adverb. 

comp comparative. 

conj conjunction. 

defect defective. 

dep deponent. 

f feminine. 

impers impersonal. 

indec indeclinable. 

interj interjection. 

irreg irregular. 


lit literally. 

m masculine. 

n neuter. 

part participle. 

pass passive. 

plur.  or  pi. . .  .plural. 

prep preposition. 

pron pronoun. 

subs substantive. 

superl superlative. 


PAR  T   FIB  ST. 

GKAMMATICAL    EXERCISES, 


NOUNS. 

Definition,  Gender,  etc. — 39-42  ;  44-47. 
First  Declension. — 48. 

Note. — Before  reading  the  Latin  Exercises,  the  pupil  is  expected,  in 
every  instance,  to  learn  carefully  those  portions  of  the  Grammar  which  are 
embraced  in  the  large  type  of  the  sections  designated. 

1.1.  Ala,  ala,  alae,1  alam,  alarum,  alis,  alas.  2. 
Victoria,  victoria,  victoriae,  victoriam,  victoriarum,  vic- 
toriis,  victorias.  3.  Causae,  fortunae,  portae.  4.  Causa, 
fortuna,  porta.  5.  Causam,  fortunam,  portam.  6.  Cau- 
sarum,  fortunarum,  portarum.  7.  Causis,  fortiinis,  portis. 
8.  Causas,  forttinas,  portas. 

Second  Declension. — 51. 
Rule  II. — Appositives.— 363  ;  352,  2. 

2.  1.  Dominus,  dommi,  domino,  dommum,  domme, 
dominorum,  dommis.  2.  Gener,  generi,  genero,  gene- 
rum,  generorum,  generis,  generos.  3.  Servi,  anni. 
4.  Pueri,  soceri.  5.  Agri,  magistri.  6.  Templi,  belli. 
7.  Servis,  annis.  8.  Puero,  socero.  9.  Agrorum,  ma- 
gistrorum.     10.  Templa,  bella. 

1  When  the  same  Latin  form  may  be  found  in  two  or  more  cases,  the 
pupil  is  expected  to  give  the  meaning  for  each  case. 


2  LATIN   READER. 

11.  Locos,  stella.  12.  Luci,  stellae.  13.  Lucum, 
stellam.  14.  Luco,  Stella.  15.  Lucorum,  stellaruin. 
10.  Lucis,  stellis.     17.  Lucos,  stellas. 

18.  Dionysius  tyrannus.1  19.  Dionysio  tyranno. 
20.  Dionysium  tyrannum.  21.  Tullia  regina.  22. 
Tulliae  reglnae.  23.  Tulliam  reglnam.  21.  Puer 
Ascanius. 

Third  Declension. — Class  I. — 57-61. 
Rule  XVI.—  Genitive.— 395. 

3.  1.  Principis,  principum.  2.  Dux,  duces.  3. 
Pegem,  reges.  4.  Pegis,  militis.  5.  Pegi,  militi.  6. 
Pege,  milite.  7.  Peges,  milites.  8.  Pegum,  militum. 
0.  Pegibus,  militibus. 

10.  Yirtus  regis.8  11.  Virtu  tes  regum.3  12.  V in- 
dex libertatis.  13.  Vindices  libertatis.  14.  Nepotfbus 
regis.     15.  Yirtute  regis.     16.  Virtute  militum. 

17.  Belli  causa.  18.  Belli  causas.  19.  Victoria 
regis.  20.  Victoriae  regis.  21.  Gener  judicis.  22. 
Sapientia  judicis.  23.  Pegis  filia.  24.  Tullia,  regis 
filia. 

Third  Declension. — Class  II. — 62-64. 
Pule  XXXII. —  Cases  with  Prepositions. — 432-435. 

4.  1.  Nubi,  nube,  nubium.  2.  Ilostem,  hostes,  hos- 
tibus.  3.  Carmina,  carminibus.  4.  Consulis,  pass&ris. 
5.  Consulum,  passerum.  6.  Consulibus,  passeribus.  7. 
Leoni,  virgmi.  8.  Leones,  virgines.  9.  Patrem,  pga- 
torem.  10.  Patres,  pastores.  11.  Opus,  corpus.  12. 
Alam  avis.     13.  Custodes  urbis. 

14.  Cicero  consul.1  15.  Ciceronis  consulis.  10.  (  i- 
ceronem  consulem.     17.  Xepos  consulis.9    IS.  Nep5tes 

1  Sec  Grammar,  363.  *  395. 


ADJECTIVES.  6 

consulis.      19.    Nepotes  consilium.      20.   Pater  judieis. 
21.  Patres  judicum.     22.  Patribus  judicum. 

23.  Post  Romuli  mortem.1  24.  Apud  Herodotum, 
patrem  historiae.  25.  Ad  virtutem.  26.  Ante  lucem. 
27.  Contra  naturam.  28.  Sermo  de  amicitiii.3  29.  Pro 
patria.     30.  Sine  labore.     31.  In  amnem.3     32.  In  bello.* 

Fourth  Declension. — 116. 

5.  1.  JYuctus,  corn  lis.  2.  Fractious,  cornibus.  3. 
Cantum,  currum.  4.  In  currum.  5.  In  curru.  6.  So- 
ils ortus.  7.  Ab  ortu  ad  occasum.  8.  Ante  soils 
occasum. 

Fifth  Declension. — 120. 

6.  1.  Acies,  aciem,  aciei.  2.  Diei,  faciei.  3.  Reir 
spei.  4.  Diem,  faciem.  5.  Pern,  spem.  6.  Die,  facie. 
7.  Re,  spe. 

8.  In  aciem.  9.  In  acie.  10.  Facies  urbis.  11. 
Spes  fortiinae.     12.  Contra  spem.     13.  Sine  spe. 


ADJECTIVES. 

First  and  Second  Declensions. — 148-150. 

Rule  XXXIII. — Agreement  of  Adjectives. — 438. 

7.  1.  Servus  bonus.  2.  Servi  boni.  3.  Servo  bono. 
4.  Servum  bonum.  5.  Serve  bone.  6.  Servorum  bono- 
rum.  7.  Servis  bonis.  8.  Servos  bonos.  9.  Reglna 
bona.  10.  Reginae  bonae.  11.  Reginam  bonam.  12. 
Reglna  bona.  13.  Reginarum  bonarum.  14.  Regluis 
bonis.  15.  Reginas  bonas.  16.  Exemplum  bonum. 
17.  Exempli  boni.     18.  Exempla  bona. 


432,433.  2  432,  434.  3435,  1. 


4  LATIN   BEADEB, 

19.  Puer  pulclier.  20.  Puella  pulclira.  21.  Tectum 
pulchrum.  22.  Pueri  pulcliri.  23.  Puellae  pulchrac. 
24.  Tecta  pulclira. 

25.  Vera  amicitia.  26.  Gladius  longus.  27.  Magna 
gloria.  28.  Spes  falsa.  29.  Sine  magno  labore.  30. 
Modius  aureorum  annulorum. 

Third  Declension. — 152-158. 

8.  1.  Dolor  acer.  2.  Sine  dolore  acri.  3.  Dolores 
acres.  4.  Ilostis  crudelis.  5.  Hostem  crudelem.  6. 
Hostium  crudelium.  7.  Hiems  glacialis.  8.  Iliemem 
glacialem.  9.  Carmen  dulce.  10.  Carmraa  dulcia. 
11.  Innumerabiles  fabulae. 

Comparison  of  Adjectives. — 1G0-162. 

9.  1.  Triumphus  clarus.  2.  Triumplius  clarior. 
3.  Triumplius  clarissimus.  4.  Triumphi  clari.  5.  Tri- 
umphi  clariores.  6.  Triumphi  clarissimi.  7.  Yir  fortis. 
8.  Yir  fortior.  9.  Yir  fortissimus.  10.  Sapiens  vir. 
11.  Sapientior  vir.     12.  Sapientissimus  vir. 

13.  Fortissimi  viri.  14.  Fortissimorum  virorum 
multitudo.  15.  Peiitus  dux.  1G.  Peritissimi  duces. 
17.  Bella  funestissima. 


PEONOUNS. 

Classification  and   Declension  of  Pronouns. — 182-191. 

Rule  XXXIV, — Agreement  of  Pronouns. — 445;  445,1. 

10.  1.  Mei.  2.  Tibi.  3.  Inter  se.1  4.  Ad  te. 
5.  Pro  nobis.  G.  Post  me.  7.  Ante  nos.  S.  Patria 
mea.a  9.  Nostra  patria.  10.  Ifagister  bras,  11.  Tui 
mens.      12.    Nostri    milites.      13.    Nostrae    amicitiae. 

1  181  >,  1. 


VERBS.  5 

14.  Ad  salQtem  vestram.  15.  Ad  vitam  suam.  16.  Hie' 
vir.  17.  Haec  urbs.  18.  Hoc  regnum.  19.  Hujus 
viri.  20.  In  hac  urbe.  21.  Haec  regna.  22.  Illi  viri. 
23.  Pro  illis  viris.  24.  Ante  hunc  diem.  25.  Sub  hoc 
rege.  26.  Pastor  illius  regionis.  27.  Idem  locus.  28. 
In  eundem  locum.  29.  Circa  eandem  lioram.  30.  Id 
tempus.  31.  Ab  ipsa  natura.  32.  Ii  ad  quos.3  33.  Quae 
civitas  ?     34.  Ab  aliquo.     35.  Faustulus  quidam. 


VERBS. 


Introduction.— 192-197;    199-203. 

Verb  Sum. — 204. 

Rule  III. — Subject  Nominative. — 367. 

Rule  XXXV. — Agreement  of  Verb  with  Subject. — 460. 

Rule  I. — Predicate  Nouns. — 362. 

11.  1.  Aristides 3  Justus 4  fuit.5  2.  Justus*  est.6  3. 
Justus  erat.  4.  Justi  sumus.6  5.  Justi  fuerilmus.  6. 
Justi  erimus.  7.  Justi  simus.  8.  Justi  fuissemus. 
9.  Cato  sapiens  erat.  10.  Sapiens  fuerat.  11.  Sapien- 
tes  eritis.  12.  Sapientes  fuistis.  13.  Sapiens  es.  14. 
Sapientes  este.  15.  Lex  brevis  est.  16.  Lex  brevis 
esto.  17.  Leges  breves  sunt.  18.  Leges  breves  sunto. 
19.  Ego  consul7  fui.  20.  Cicero  consul  fuit.  21.  Cicero 
consul  fuerat. 

First  Conjugation. — 205,  206. 
Rule  V— Direct  Object— 37 1. 

12.  1.    Amat,   amant.      2.  Amiibat,   amabant.      3. 

*  Justus  agrees  with  the  pronoun  ?'s,  he,  the  omitted  subject  of  est. 
M38,  1.  4438.  "460;  460,  2. 

1 445.  5  460.  '  362. 

•  367. 


t>  LATIN   READER. 

Amaverat,   amaverant.      4.  Amaverit,  amaverint.      5. 
Amet,  anient. 

G.  Laudat,  laudator.  7.  Laudant,  laudantur.  8.  Lau- 
dabat,  laudabatur.  9.  Laudabant,  laudabantur.  10. 
Laudet,  laudetur.     11.  Laudent,  laudentur. 

12.  Orationem1  laudo.  13.  Orationem  laudamus. 
14.  Orationes  laudabimus.  15.  Oratio  laudator.  W>. 
Orationcs  laudantur.  IT.  Yirtutem  amiitis.  18.  Yir- 
tutem  amabitis.  19.  Yirtus  amatur.  20.  Virtus 
amata3  est.  21.  Ego  patriam  liberavi.  22.  Patriam 
liberaverunt.  23.  Patria  liberata  est.  24.  Ancus  ur- 
bem  ampliiivit.  25.  Marius  fugatus3  est.  2G.  Fugati 
erant.     27.  Socrates  accusatus  est. 

Second  Conjugation. — 20*7,  208. 

13.  1.  Moneo,  moneor.  2.  Monebam,  monebar. 
3.  Monebo,  monebor.  4.  Moneam,  monear.  5.  Mone- 
rem,  monerer.  6.  Monui,  monuimus.  7.  Monuerat, 
monuerant.  8.  Monueris,  monuerltis.  9.  Monucrini, 
monitus  sim.  10.  Monuissemus,  moniti  essemus. 
11.  Monete,  monentor. 

12.  Terrebat,  terrebatur.  13.  Terrebant,  tenvban- 
tur.  14.  Terreret,  terreretur.  15.  Terrercnt,  tcnvivn- 
tur.  10.  Territus  sum,  territi  sumus.  17.  Territus  60, 
territi  estis.     18.  Territus  est,  territi  sunt. 

19.  Gloriara1  veram3  babes.  20.  Gloriam  habSbis. 
21.  Equites  gladios  liabebant.  22.  Gladios  habueruni 
23.  Gladium  habuisti.  24.  Homo  habet  memoriam, 
25.  Cum  Romania4  pacem babuimus.  2G.  Pacem  habue- 
rainus.  27.  Pacem  habebimus.  28.  Cyrus  omnium  in 
exerdftu*  suo  militum  nomina  tencbat. 


'371.  8438.  •  431 

MOO,  1.  M82, 


VERBS.  T 

Third  Conjugation. — 209,  210. 
Rule    LI. —  Use   of  Adverbs* — 582. 

14.  1.  Rego,  regor.  2.  Regimus,  regimur.  3.  Re- 
git, regitur.      4.  Regunt,  reguntur.      5.  Rege,  regite. 

6.  Regendi,  regendo.     7.  Rectus  eram,  recti  eramus. 

8.  Spero,  pareo,  duco.  9.  Speras,  pares,  ducis.  10. 
Speramus,  paremus,  ducimus.  11.  Sperabam,  parebam, 
ducebam.  12.  Sperabant,  parebant,  ducebant.  13.  Spe- 
ravi,  parui,  duxi.  14.  Speravimus,  paruimus,  duximus. 
15.  Speraverunt,  paruerunt,  duxerunt. 

16.  Deus  omnem  hunc  mundum  regit.  IT.  Dens 
mundum  semper1  rexit.  18.  Deus  mundum  regebat. 
19.  Deus  mundum  reget.  20.  Cicero  ad  Atticum3  scri- 
bit.  21.  Ad  te  saepe  scribam.  22.  Cicero  multos 
libros  scripsit.  23.  Ad  amicum  de  amicitia3  scripsi. 
24.  Librum  de  senectute  scripserat.  25.  Quid  dixisti  ? 
26.  Nihil  dixi.  27.  Quid  dixistis  ?  28.  Multa  de  ami- 
citia diximus.  29.  Haec  recte  dixistis,  30.  Hie  liber 
ad  te  scriptus  est. 

Fourth  Conjugation. — 211,  212. 

15.  1.  Audiebat,  audiebant.  2.  Audiebatur,  audie- 
bantur.  3.  Audiam,  audiemus.  4.  Audiar,  audiemur. 
5.  Audivit,  audiverunt.      6.  Auditus  est,   audlti  sunt. 

7.  Audiveram,  audiveriimus.      8.  Auditus  eram,  auditi 
eramus. 

9.  Sperat,  paret,  ducit,  scit.  10.  Sperant,  parent, 
ducunt,  sciunt.     11.  Sperabat,  parebat,  ducebat,  sciebat. 

12.  Sperabamus,    parebamus,    ducebamus,    sciebamus. 

13.  Sperabo,  parebo,  ducet,  sciet. 

14.  Tullus  bellum  finivit.     15.  Bellum  finiverat.     16, 

J  582.  s  433.  3  434. 


8  LATIN   READER. 

Bellum  iinltum  est.  17.  Hie  dies  Graeeiae  libertatem 
finiet.  18.  Cives  templuin  custodiunt.  19.  Templa  cus- 
todiemus.  20.  Templum  custodlte.  21.  Brutus  Mace- 
donian! custodiebat.  22.  Hanc  provinciam  custodlmus. 
23.  Hoc  audivinms.     24.  A  vobis  audlmur. 

Verbs  in  10,  Third  Conjugation.— 221-223. 

16.  1.  Romani  urbem  capiunt.  2.  Urbes  capiebant. 
3.  Urbem  capiemus.  4.  Haec  urbs  capietur.  5.  Urbes 
capientur.  6.  Regiilus  captus  est.  7.  Milites  arma  ca- 
piunt. 8.  Scipio  Carthaginem  cepit.  9.  Praefecti  regii 
Eretriam  ceperunt.  10.  Eegis  pater  fugit.  11.  Fugie- 
bat.  12.  Lacedaemonii  fugiunt.  13.  Fuiremnt. 
Xerxes  in  Asiam  fugerat. 


■r  ' 


Deponent  Verbs. — 225-230. 

17,  1.  Coriolanus  populatur  agrum '  Bomanum.  2. 
Pyrrhus  Campaniam  depopulatus  est.  3.  Milites  agros 
depopulabantur.  4.  Hoc  facinus  rex  miratur.  5.  Hoc 
miramur.  6.  Puer  laudem  meretur.  7.  Laudem  mere- 
ris.  8.  Laudem  merentur.  9.  Gloria  virtutem  sequitur. 
10.  Ascanium  sectitus  est  Silvius.  11.  Justitiam  sequi- 
mur.  12.  Justitiam  sequemur.  13.  Cum  Scipione  ho- 
ndrem  partlmur.     14.  Id  opus  inter  se  partiuntur. 

Periphrastic  Conjugation. — 231,  232. 

18.  1.  Virtutem  laudaturi  sumus.  2.  Virtus  lau- 
danda  est.  3.  Quid  laudaturus  es?  4.  Bonitatem  lau- 
daturus  sum.  5.  Omnia2  sunt  laudanda,  quae5  con- 
juncta  cum  virtute  sunt.     6.  Quid  vitupcranduin 

7.  Omnia  sunt  vituperanda,  quae  cum  vitiia  oonjuncta 

'371.  Mil. 


SYNTAX   OF   NOUNS.  9 

sunt.  8.  Gloriam  veram  habiturus  es.  9.  Gloriam 
veram  habituri  sumus.  10.  Cicero  ad  Atticum  scriptu- 
rus  erat.  11.  Epistola  scribenda  est.  12.  Orator  audi- 
endus  est.     13.  Senatores  Ciceroneui  audituri  erant. 


SYNTAX  OF  NOUNS. 

Agreement  of  Nouns. 

Rule  I. — Predicate  Nouns. — 362. 

19.  1.  Mercurius  nuntius  erat.  2.  Furius  consul 
erat.  3.  Homo  sum.1  4.  Bacchus  erat  vini 2  deus.3  5. 
Somnus  est  imago  mortis.  6.  Historia  testis  temporum 
habetur.  7.  Historia  magistral  vitae  habetur.  8.  So- 
crates parens  philosophiae  dicitur.  9.  Brutus  homo  mag- 
nus  evaserat.  10.  Nos  causa6  belli  sumus.  11.  Nautius 
et  Furius  consoles*  erant.6 

Rule  II. — Appositives. — 363. 

20.  1.  Dionysius  tyrannus  expulsus  est.  2.  Dema- 
ratus,  regis  pater,  fugit.  3.  Apud  Herodotum,  patrem 
historiae,  sunt  innumerabiles  tabulae.  4.  Hannibal  Sa- 
guntum,  foederatam  urbem,  expugnavit.  5.  Themisto' 
cles 7  veni  ad  te.  6.  Cato  litteras  Graecas  senex e  didicit. 
7.  Junius  aedem  Salutis,  quam  consul  voverat,  dictator 
dedicavit.  8.  Socratem,  sapientissimum 9  virum,  Athe- 
nienses  interfecerunt. 


7  363,  2. 

8  363,  3. 
0  1G2. 


'460,  2. 

4  362,  1,  1). 

2  395. 

5  362,  1,  2). 

3  51,  5. 

6  463,  II. 

10  LAT1X    HEADER. 

NOMINATIVE. 

Rule  III. — Subject  Nominative. — 367. 

21.  1.  Cuncta  Graecia  liberata  est.  2.  Patria  mea 
est  mundus.  3.  Paulus  consul '  regem  ad  Pydnam  su- 
peravit.  4.  Philosophia  inventrix  legum  fuit.  5.  Om- 
nium malfjrum  stultitia  est  mater.  6.  Non3  omnis  error 
stultitia  est.     7.  Quot  homines?  tot  sententiae. 

Vocative. 
Rule  IV.— Case  of  Address.— 369. 

22.  1.  Disce,  puer,  virtiitem.  2.  Tu,  mi4  Cicero, 
liaec  accipies.  3.  Te,  Minerva,  custos  urbis,  precor  ac 
quaeso.  4.  Audlte,  judices.  5.  Disce,  puer,  virtiites. 
6.  Amlci,  diem  perdidi.  7.  Conservate,  judices,  liunc 
hominem. 

Accusative. 
Rule  V.— Direct    Object.— 371. 

23.  1.  Accepi  tuas  epistolas.  2.  Labor  omnia  vincit. 
3.  Animus  regit  corpus.  4.  Nostra  nos  patria  delectut. 
5.  Miltiades  totam6  Graeciam  liberavit.  G.  Sophocles 
tragoedias  fecit.  7.  Studia  adolescentiam  alunt,  sa> 
tern  oblectant.  8.  Romulus  Pomam  condidit.  9.  A\a- 
riivci probitdtem  subvertit.  10.  Virtus  conciliat  amu-itlas. 
11.  Virtus  amicitiam  gignit. 

12.  Yestri  patres  earn  vitarn6  vixeruut.  13.  Minim 
samnvum*  somniavi.     14.  Pacem1  desper&vi.      15,  Be- 


rB68.  4 185.  Br>7i, 

8  582.  b  151.  '  o71,3. 

400.  ;;. 


SYNTAX   OF   NOUNS.  11 

quani  Ariovisti  crudelitdtem  l  horrebant.  16.  Brutum 
Komanae  matrOnae  luxerunt.  17.  Milites  invadunt  ur- 
bem.2  18.  Aciem 2  circumvenerunt.  19.  Caesar  agrum 
Picenum  percurrit.  20.  Periculosissimum  3  locum  sum 
praetervectus.     21.  (jQYmam  flumen  transierunt. 

Rule  VI. — Two  Accusatives — Same  Person. — 373. 

24.  1.  Ciceronem  uni versus  populus  consulem  decla- 
ravit.  2.  Romulus  urhem  Ilomam  vocavit.  3.  Feeit 
heredem  filiam.  4.  Socrates  totlus  4  rnundi  se  civem  ar- 
bitrabatur.  5.  Cato  cellam  penariam  rei  publicae  nos- 
trae,  nutricem  plebis  Pomanae  Siciliam  nominavit.  6. 
Praesta  te  virum.  7.  Senatus  Catilinam  hostem  judicavit. 
8.  Senatus  Paulum  consulem  creavit.  9.  Socratem  Apollo 
sajpientissimum 5  judicavit.  10.  Mesopotamiam  fertilem 
efficit  Euphrates.  11.  Tiresiam  sajpientem  flnguiit 
poetae.     12.  Polycratem  fellcem  appellabant. 

Rule  VII. — Two  Accusatives — Person  and  Thing. — 374. 

25.  1.  Te  tua  fata  docebo.  2.  Hoc  me  clocuit  usus, 
magister  °  egregius.  3.  Fortuna  belli  artemvictos7  docet. 
4.  Augustus  nejpotes  suos  littcras  docuit.  5.  Antigonus 
iter  omnes 8  celat.  6.  Pacem  te  poscimus.  7.  Boeotii 
auxilia  regem  orabant.  8.  Cato  interrogatus  est  senten- 
tiam.     9.  Marcius  omnes  artes  edoctus  fuerat. 

10.  Auxiliwn  a  Caesare 9  petierunt.  11.  Te  illud 10 
admoneo.     12.  Te  id  consulo.     13.  Hannibal  nonaginta 


1  371,  3. 

5  373,  3. 

M41,  1. 

2  371,  4. 

6  363. 

0  374,  3,  3). 

3  162. 

7  575. 

10  374.  5. 

4  151. 

B 

12  LATIN   READER. 

millia'    peditum  Ilerum1  traduxit.      14.  Belgae  Rhe- 
num1  transducti  sunt. 

Rule  VIII. — Accusative  of  Time  and  Space. — 378. 

26.  1.  Servius  Tullius  regnavit  annos  quattuor2  et' 
•txuadraginta.  2.  Appius  Claudius  caecus  annos  multos 
iuit.  3.  Quaedam  bestiolae  unum  diem  vivunt.  4.  Dio 
nvsius  quinque  et  viginti  natus  annos  dominatum  occu- 
pavit.  5.  Caesar  duas  fossas  quindecim  pedes  latas 
perduxit.  6.  Milites  aggerem  altum  pedes  octoginta 
exstruxerunt.  7.  Arabes  gladios  habebant  longos  qua- 
terna  culnta.     8-  Urbs  quinque  dierum  iter  abest. 

Rule  IX. — Accusative  of  Limit. — 379. 

27,  1.  Cicero  Athenas  venit.  2.  Regiilus  Carthagi- 
nem  rediit.  3.  Hannibal  Capuam  concessit.  4.  CicSro 
maximum  numerum  frumenti4  Romam  misit.  5.  Dio- 
nysius  navigabat  Syracusas.  6.  Curius  elepbantos 
quattuor  Romam  duxit. 

7.  Aurum  domum*  comportant.  8.  Ego  wis  ibo.8 
9.  Veni  consulis  domum.  10.  Yerres  Delum  venit 
11.  Pausaniam  Cyprum  miserunt.  12.  Hannibal  in 
hiberna7  Capuam  concessit.  13.  Legiones  ad  vrh,  m 
addiicit.     14.  Darius  in  Asiam  rediit. 

15.  Consules  Romam  redibant.  1G.  Cicero  domum 
rcdierat.  17.  Consules  in  Graeciam  venerant.  18. 
Publius  Scipio  in  Ilispaniam  missus  est.  10.  Cives 
rus  fugient.  20.  In  Etruriam  missus  erat.  21.  Tullia 
in  forum  properavit  et  regem  salutavit. 


»374, 

0. 

4  395. 

»  174. 

6  379, 

•  ~j 

119, 

1. 

'379, 

1. 

»308, 

310, 

1. 

SYNTAX   OF  NOUNS.  13 

Rule  X. — Accusative  of  Specification. — 380. 

28.  1.  Equus  tremit  artus.  2.  Aeneas1  caedit  ni- 
grantes  terga  juvencos.  3.  Hannibal  femur  ictus  cecidit. 
4.  Hannibal  anlmum  incensus  est. 

5.  Haec  vis  valet  multum*  6.  Haee  vis  idem  potest. 
7.  Nervii  nihil  possunt.  8.  Thebani  nihil  moti  sunt. 
9.  Quid  liostis  potest?  10.  Quid  venisti?  11.  Quid 
plura3  disputo? 


Rule  XI. — Accusative  in  .Exclamations. — 381. 

29.  1.  O  praeclaram  vitam  !  2.  O  spectaeulum  mi- 
serum  !  3.  O  tempora,  o  mores  !  Senatus  conjurationem 
intelligit,  consul  videt.  4.  O  vim  maximam  *  erroris ! 
5.  O  clementiam  admirabilem ! 


Dative. 
Rule  XII. — Dative  with  Verbs. — 384. 

30.  1.  Non  scholae,  sed  vitae  discimus.  2.  Omnes 
homines  libertati  student.  3.  Germani  labori  ac  duritiae 
student.  4.  Ego  philosojihiae  semper  vaco.  5.  Pietdti 
summa 6  tribuenda6  laus  est.  6.  Non  solum  nobis  divites 
sumus,  sed  libe?*is,  amicis,  maximeque  rei  jpublicae. 

7.  Philosophiae  nos  tradimus.  8.  Graeci  homines 
honores  tribuunt  iis  viris,  qui  tyrannos  necaverunt.  9. 
Non  placidam  membris  dat  cura  quietem.  10.  Omnes, 
quum  valemus,  recta  consilia  aegrotis 7  damns. 

1  50.  «  165.  6  232. 

2  330,  2.  5  163,  3.  7  441. 

3  165,  1.       0 


14  latin  reader. 

31.  Dative  of  Advantage  and  Disadvantage. — 385. 
— 1.  Probus1  invidet  nemini.  2.  Homines  hominibus  pro 
sunt.  3.  Nocet  alteri.  4.  Consulatus  meus  placuit 
Catoni.  5.  Dioni  crudelitas  tyranni  displicebat.  6. 
Themistocles  persuasit pqpulo.  7.  Parti'1  civium  consii- 
lunt.  8.  Milites  non  mulierihus,  non  infantibus  peper* 
cerunt.     9.  Nemo  liber  est,  qui  corpori  servit. 

32.  Dative  with  Compounds. — 386. — 1.  Pelopidas 
omnibus  affuit jpericulis.  2.  Natura  sensibus*  rationem 
adjunxit.  3.  Leges  omnium  *  salutem  singulorum4  saluti 
anteponunt.      4.  Parva  magnia    saepe6    conferuntur.8 

5.  Hannibal   terrorem    injecit    exercitui  PomanOrum. 

6.  Aristldes  intermit  pugnae  navali   apud  Salamlnem. 

7.  Consiliis  interdum  obstat  for  tun  a.  8.  Homines  homi- 
nibus plurimum7  et  prosunt  et  obsunt.  9.  Consoles 
libertdti  suas  opes8  postferebant.8  10.  Bona  existimatio 
divitiis  praestat.  11.  Tu  virtutem  praefer8  divitiis. 
12.  Quidam  succumbunt  doloribus.  13.  Neque  deero9 
neque  superero 9  rei  pubttcae. 

33.  Dattve  of  Possessor. — 387. — 1.  Fuere  Lydls 
multi  reges.  2.  Non  semper  idem  floribus 10  est  color. 
3.  Est  honos  eloquentiae. 

34.  Dative  of  Apparent  Agent. — 388. — 1.  Cacsari 
omnia  erant  agenda.  2.  Diligentia  colenda  est  nobis. 
3.  Multa  videnda  sunt  oratori.  4.  Out  non  sunt  haec 
audita  ? 

35.  Miscellaneous  Examples. — 1.   Haec   sententia 


1  441. 

5  582. 

8  133,  1. 

8  335,  3. 

6  292,  2. 

9  288. 

1  386,  1. 

1  380,  2. 

10  83. 

♦441,  1. 

SYNTAX   OF  NOUNS.  15 

cousiili  placuit.  2.  Eomulus  civitati  profuit.  3.  Cives 
legibus  parebant.  4.  Vobis  summam '  laudem  tribuimus. 
5.  Darius,  rex  Persarum,  Graecis3  bellum  intulit.  6. 
Leonidas  se 3  periciilis  obtulit. 

tIule  XIII.— Two  Datives— To  Which  and  For  Which.— 390. 

36.  1.  Virtutes  hominlbus  decbri  sunt.  2.  Yirtutes 
hominlbus  gloriae  sunt.     3.  Probitas  est  omnibus  *  amori. 

4.  Crudelitas  est  omnibus  odio.  5.  Yirtus  neque  datur 
dono  neque  accipitur.  6.  Pausanias,  rex 5  Lacedaemoni- 
orum,  venit  Atticis  auxilio.. 

7.  Hoc  vitio  mihi  dant.  8.  Idne6  alterV  crimlni 

dabis,  quod  tu  ipse  fecisti?  9.  Caesar  legiones  duas8 

castris  praesidio  relinquit.  10.  Hunc  sibi  domicilio 
locum  delegerunt. 

Rule  XIV. — Dative  with  Adjectives. — 391. 

37,1.  Veritas  mihi  grata  est.  2.  GratissTmae 9  mihi 
tuae  litterae 10  fuerunt.  3.  Patria  Ciceroni  erat  caris- 
sima.     4.  Id  Deo  est  proximum,11  quod  est  optimum.12 

5.  Minime 13  sibi  quisque  notus  est.  6.  Morti  nihil  est 
tarn  simile,  quam  somnus.14  7.  Hommum  generi  cultura 
agrorum  est  salutaris.  8.  Belgae  proximi  sunt  Germdnis. 
9.  lis,  qui  vendunt,  justitia  necessaria  est.  10.  Pax 
nobis  omnibus  fuit  optabilis. 

Rule  XV. — Dative  with  Derivatives. — 392. 
38,    1.   Esto    obtemperatio    institutis    populorum, 


1  163,  3. 

6  346,  II. 

1. 

11  166. 

2  384,  II. 

n  441,  2. 

12  165. 

9  448. 

8 175. 

13  305,  2 ; 

165. 

*441. 

9  162. 

14  417,  1. 

5  363. 

10  132. 

16  LATIN  READER. 

2.  Insidiae  consult  non  procedebant.  3.  Convenienter 
naturae  vivimus.  4.  Philosophus  sibi  constanter  conve- 
nienterque  dicit. 

Genitive. 

Rule  XVI.— Genitive  with  Nouns.— -395,  396. 

39.  1.  Pietas  fundaraentum  !  est  omnium  virtutum. 
2.  Ira  est  initium  insaniae.  3.  Sapientia  est  rerum  divi- 
narum  et  humanarum  scientia.     4.  Nona  diei  hora  erat. 

I.  Subjective  Genitive. — 1.  Vultus  sermo  '  quidam9 
tacitus a  mentis  est.  2.  Nostri  milites  impetum  hostium 
sustinuerunt.  3.  Themistocles  non  effugit  civium  suo- 
rnm  invidiam.  4.  Ventorum  pater  regit  navem.  5.  Sin- 
gulorum  facultates  divitiae l  sunt  civitdtis. 

II.  Objective  Genitive. — 1.  Crescit  amor  nummi. 
2.  Animi  morbi  sunt  cupiditates  divitidrum,  gloriaey 
voluptdtum. 

III.  Partitive  Genitive. — 1.  Justitia  nihil  expetit 
praemii,  nihil  pretii.  2.  Conon  pecuniae  quinquaginta 
talenta  civious  suis  donavit.  3.  Permagnum  pondus  ar- 
genti  fuit.  4.  Socrates  omnium 3  sapientissimus 4  judica- 
tus  est.  5.  Gallorum  omnium  fortissimi  sunt  Belsrae. 
6.  Ubinam  gentium 8  sumus  ?  7.  Satis  eloquent iae 9  ftrit, 
sapientiae  parum. 

IY.  Genitive  of  Characteristic. — 1.  Tarquinius 
fratrem    habuit     Aruntem,7     mitis    ingenii    juvenem. 


1  3G2.  *  896,  III.  3)  (2).         ■  39G,  III.  4)  (2). 

3  438;  438,  1.       *  102.  e  89G,  III.  4)  (1). 

1  3G3. 


SYNTAX   OF   NOUNS.  17 

2.  Atlienienses  belli  ducera  *  eligunt  Periclem,1  spectatae 
virtutis  virum.2  3.  Classem8  septuaginta*  navium 
Atlienienses  Miltiadi 3  declerunt. 

V.  Genitive  of  Specification. — 1.  Cyri  nomen 5  ac- 
cepit.  2.  Quid  sonat  vox  voluntatis  f  3.  Yirtiites  con- 
tinentiae,  gravitdtis,  justitiae,  fidei,  omni  honore 6  dignae 
sunt.  4.  Germaniae  vocabillum  recens  est.  5.  Domini 
appellationem  semper 7  exhorruit  Augustus. 

Rule  XVII. — Genitive  with  Adjectives. — 399. 

40,  1.  Avid  a  est  pericidi  virtus.  2.  Haec  aetas  vir- 
tutum  ferax  est.  3.  Conscia  mens  recti  famae 8  menda- 
cia9  ridet.  4.  Komani  appetentes  10  gloriae  atque  "  avidi 
laudis  fuerunt.  5.  Multi  contentionis  sunt  cupidiores  13 
quam  veritdtis.  6.  Epaminondas  fuit  peritus  belli,  veri- 
tdtis  diligens.  7.  Conon  prudens  rei  militaris  erat. 
8.  Socrates  se  omnium  rerum  nescium 13  fingit.  9.  The- 
mistocles  peritissimos ,a  belli  navalis  fecit  Athenienses. 
10.  Homo  rationis  li  est  particeps.  11.  Plena  err  drum 
sunt  omnia.  12.  Omnes  virtutis  compotes  16  beati  sunt. 
13.  Viri 16  propria  est  fortitude 

Eule  XVIIL— Predicate  Genitive.— ±01-403. 

41.  1.  Damnatio  estjua%cum;  poena,  legis.  2.  Im- 
becilli  anlmi  est  superstitio.  3.  Xerxis 8  classis  mille  et 
ducentarum  navium  fuit.  4.  Claudius  erat  somni  bre- 
vissimi.     5.  Permagni  momenti  est  ratio.     6.  Temeritas 


'373. 

'   582. 

"162. 

3  363. 

8  395. 

13  373 ;  373,  3. 

3  384,  n. 

9  371,  3,  1). 

14  399,  2,  (3). 

4  176. 

10  575  j  353. 

15  157,  2. 

6  371. 

a  587, 1. 

16  399,  3,  3). 

e  419,  IV. 

18  LATIN   READER. 

est  florentis '  aetdtis;  prudentia,  senescentis.  7.  Praeda 
parvi  pretii  fait.  8.  Thebae a  populi  Romani  factae ■ 
sunt.  9.  Yoluptatem  virtus  minimi  *  facit.  10.  Divitiae 
a  me 6  minimi  *  putantur.  11.  Nulla  possessio  pluris ' 
quam  virtus  aestiinanda  est.  12.  Yendo  meum  frumen- 
tum  non  pluris,  quam  ceteri.  13.  Mentlri7  non  est 
meum.6    14.  Tuum  est  mihi "  ignoscere. 

Rule  XIX. — Genitive  with  Certain  Verbs. — 406-408. 

42,  1.  Eorum  miserere,10  qui "  in  miseriis ia  sunt. 
2.  Animus  meminit 13  praeteritorum,1*  praesentia  cernit, 
futura  praevidet.  3.  Reminiscere  pristmae  virtutis  Hel- 
vetiorum.  4.  Deurum  16  immortalium  beneficia 18  recor- 
dor.  5.  Obliti  sunt  injuridrum.  6.  Habetis  ducem 
memorem  vestri,  oblitum  sui.  7.  Aliorum  vitia  cernit, 
obliviscitur  sudrum.  8.  Flagitiorum  suorum  recordabi- 
tur.     9.  Planci  meriti  recordor. 

10.  Magni17  rei  publicae  interest.  11.  Illud  Cicero- 
nis  maxime  interfuit.  12.  Hoc  regis  nihil17  interest. 
13.  Scipionis  meminerat.  14.  Sui  oblitus  erat.  15. 
Miserentur  sociorum.  16.  AtJieniensium  maxime  in- 
tererat. 


Rule  XX. — Accusative  and  Genitive.— 410. 

43.  1.  Te  veteris  amicitiae  commonefacio.     2.  Tibe- 
rius judices16  legum  admonebat. 


»575. 

7  549. 

13  297,  I. 

2  131,  1,  2). 

8  404,  1. 

"575;  MB,  2. 

8  279 ;  294. 

9  \\*:>. 

»  45,  6. 

4  403;  165. 

10  271,  2. 

16  407,  1. 

5  414,  5. 

11  445. 

17  408,  3. 

•  165,  1. 

15  435,  1. 

18  93. 

SYNTAX   OF   NOUNS.  19 

3.  Te  convinco  non  inhumanitdtis  solum,  sed  etiam ' 
amentiae.  4.  Fannius  Verrem  insimulat  avaritiae  et 
audaciae.  5.  Cicero  Verrem  avaritiae  coarguit.  6. 
Orestes  accusatur  matricidii.  7.  Nicomedes  furti  dam- 
natus  est. 

8.  JSTonne 2  te  miseret  mei  f  9.  Num 2  hujus  te  gloriae 
paenitebat  ?  10.  Me  non  solum  piget  stultitiae  meae, 
sed  etiam  pudet.  11.  Me  civitatis  morum3  piget  tae- 
detque." 

♦Ablative. 

Rule  XXI. — Ablative  of  Cause,  Manner^  Means, — 414. 

44.  I.  Cause. — 1.  Caesar  ftenejiciis  ac  munificentid 
magnus  habebatur,  integritdte  vitae,  Cato.5  2.  Quidam 
vitiis  suis  gloriantur.  3.  Gubernatoris  ars  utilitdte,  non 
arte  laudatur.  4.  Avaritid  et  luxurid  Romana  civitas 
laborabat.  5.  Nimio  gaudio  paene '  desipiebam.  6. 
Adolescentes  senum 7  jpraeeeptis  gaudent.  7.  Laetus 
sorte  tua  vives  sapienter.6  8.  Campani  fuerunt  superbi 
bonitdte  agrorum. 

II.  Manner. — 1.  Miltiades  gumma8  aequitale  res 
Cliersonesi  constituit.  2.  Athenienses  vi  summa  proeli- 
um  commiserunt.  3.  Sidera9  cursus  suos  conflciunt 
maxima10  celeritate.  4.  Athenienses  cum  silentio11  audlti 
sunt.  5.  Cum  virtute  vivimus.  6.  Pausanias  epulaba- 
tur  more  Persarum. 

III.  Means,  Instrument. — 1.  Servius  Tullius  virtute 


1  687,  I.  5. 

5  367,  3. 

9  84. 

■  346,  II.  1. 

"582. 

10  165. 

8  83. 

7  66. 

11  414,  3. 

4  587,  I.  3. 

8  163,  3. 

20  LATIN   READER. 

regnum  tenuit.  2.  Nemo  lit '  casu  bonus.  3.  A varus 
animus  nullo  satiatur  lucro.  4.  Trahimur  omnes  studio 
laudis.2  5.  Magnos  homines  virtute  metlmur,  non  far- 
tuna.  6.  Dido 3  vitam  suam  gladio  finlvit.  7.  Voluptdte 
capiuntur  homines,  ut  homo  pisces.4  8.  Minuuntur  atrae 
carmine  curae.  9.  Boni  nullo  emoluments  impelluntur 
in  fraudem.6 

IY.  Agent. — 1.  Alcibiades  erudltus  est  a  SocrateS 
2.  A  Deo  omnia 7  facta  sunt.8  3.  Sacra  db  Numa  insti- 
tuta  sunt.     4.  A  multis''  ipsa 9  virtus  contemnitur. 

Rule  XXII. — Ablative  of  Price. — 416. 

45.  1.  Ego  10  spem  pretio  non  emo.  2.  Yas  Corin  • 
thium  magno  pretio  mercatus  sum.  3.  Yiginti  talentis 
unam"  orationem  Isocrates  vendidit.  4.  Si  prata  magno 
aestimant,  quanti l2  est  aestimanda l3  virtus  ?  5.  Fanum 
2Jecunia  grandi  venditnm  est.  6.  Otium  non  gemmis  M 
venale  est. 

Rule  XXIII. — Ablative  with  Comparatives. — 417. 

46.  1.  Yilius  argentum  est  auro,  mrtutibus  aurum. 
2.  Lux  sonitu  est  velocior.  3.  Amoris  simulatio  pejor lb 
est  odio.  4.  Nihil  est  veritatis  luce  dulcius.  5.  Nihil  est 
ratione  melius."     6.  Lacrimal  nihil  citius  arescit 

7.  Tullus  Hostilius  ferocior  quam  Romulus"  fuit. 
8.  Sol  major16  est  quam  terra.     9.  Natiira  nihil  habet 


'294. 

7  441,  1. 

"  402,  III.  1. 

2  396,  n. 

8  294 ;  29 1,  2. 

■  o: 

»68. 

°452. 

"416,1,4). 

4  367,  3. 

10  446. 

15  165. 

6  435,  1. 

11  Ife 

ir,117,  1. 

•  414,  5. 

SYNTAX   OF   NOUNS.  21 

praestantius  quam  honestdtem.'  10.  Timoleon  sapientius 3 
tulit 3  secundam  fort  tin  am  quam  adversam.  11.  Major 
fainae  sitis  est  quam  virtutis.1 

Rule  XXIV.— Ablative  of  Difference. — 418. 

47,  1.  Patria  mini4  vita  mea  multo  est  carior.  2. 
Fompeius  hiennio  major  fuit  quam  Cicero.1  3.  Hie  locus 
aequo  spatio  ab  castris 6  Ariovisti  et  Caesaris  aberat.  4. 
Numa  Pompilius  annis  permultis  ante  fuit  quam 6  Py- 
thagoras. 5.  Ilomeri 7  etsi  incerta  sunt  tempora,  tamen 
annis  multis  fuit  ante  Pomulum.8 

Rule  XXV. — Ablative  in  Special  Constructions. — 419. 

48.  I.  Utok,  Fruoe,  etc. — 1.  Multi  heneficio  Dei 
perverse  utuntur.  2.  Recordatione  nostrae  amicitiae 9 
fruor.  3.  Gommoda,  quibus  utimur,  a  Deo  10  nobis " 
dantur.  4.  Lux,  qua  fruimur,  a  Deo  nobis  datur.  5.  Yir- 
ttitis  munere  functus  sum.  6.  Solus  potltus  est  imperio 
Romulus.  7.  Eumidae  plerumque  lacte  12  et  carne 13  ves- 
cebantur. 

II.  Fido,  Confido,  etc. — 1.  Prudentid  co7isilidq}\eli 
Mimus.  2.  Quis  aut  corporis  firmitdte  aut  fortunae  sta- 
UUtate  conf  idet  ?     3.  Juvenis  nititur  hastd. 

III.  Plenty  And  Want. — 1.  Abundarunt 15  semper 
auro  regna  Asiae.  2.  Capua  fortissimorum  virorum 
multitudfine  redundat.      3.  Antiochia  eruditissimis  homi- 


1  417,  1. 

6  523,  2,  2). 

11  384,  I. 

2  582,  305. 

7  395. 

12  74. 

8  292. 

8  432,  433. 

15  72,  3. 

4  391. 

9  396,  II. 

14  587,  I.  3. 

'434. 

10  414,  5. 

16  234. 

22  LATIN    READER. 

tubus  affluebat.  4.  Nihil  honestum  est  quod  '  justitid 
vacat.  5.  Nulla a  vitae  pars  vacat  officio.  6.  Nunquam 
cininentia  invidid  caret.  7.  Magna  negotia  magnis  ad- 
jutoribus  egent.  8.  Deus  bonis s  omnibus  explevit  mun- 
dum.  9.  Hectora4  vita  spoliavit  Achilles.  10.  Caesari 
tradlta  urbs  est,  nuda 5  praesidio,  referta  cojpiis.  11. 
Virtute  multi 3  praediti  sunt.. 

IY.  Dignus,  Indignus,  etc. — 1.  Yirtus  imitations, 
non  invidid  digna  est.  2.  Quam  multi  indigni  luce 
sunt,  et  tamen  dies  oritur/  3.  Sapientia  eo  contenta  est, 
quod  adest.     4.  Iitelligentid  vestra  fretus  sum. 

Y.  Opus  and  Usus. — 1.  Magistralibus  opus  est.  2. 
Multis 7  duce  opus  est.  3.  Nihil 8  opus  est  simulatione. 
4.  Navibus  consuli  usus  est.  5.  Quantum 9  argenti 10  est 
tibi  opus  ?     6.  Nobis  exempla  permulta  opus  sunt. 

Rule  XXVI.— Ablative  of  Place.— 421. 

49.  1.  In  Italia  bellum  fuit.  2.  Haec  ab  Romanis 
in  Graecid  gesta  sunt.  3.  Iphicrates  in  Thraciti  vixit. 
4.  Caesar  ah  urbe  proficiscitur.  5.  Darius  ex  Asia  in 
Europam  "  exercitum  trajecit.  G.  Talis  Homae  Fabri- 
cius,  qualis  Aristides  Athenis  fuit. 

7.  Tarquinius  Superbus  mortuus  est  (  lima 

Pompilius  Curibus  habitabat.  0.  Syracusis  est  tons 
aquae  dulcis,  cui ia  nomen  Aretlmsa  est.  10.  Demaratus, 
Tarquinii  regis  pater,  fugit  Tarquinios  "  Coinniho.  11. 
Haec  terra  mariq\\v  14  gesta  sunt.  12.  Conon  plurimum  u 
vixit  Cypri"Timot]\eus  Lcsbi. 


U45. 

8  288,  2. 

11  435,  1. 

3  151. 

7  419,  3. 

12  387. 

8  441,  1. 

6  380,  2. 

1  68. 

9  419,  3,  2). 

"422,  1,  1). 

6  438.. 

10  396,  III. 

"880,  2;  165. 
»424,  1. 

SYNTAX   OF   NOUNS.  23 


Rule  XXVII. — Ablative  of  Source  and  Separation. — 425. 

50.  1.  Praeclarum  a  majoribus  accepimus  morera.1 
2.  Hoc  a  seriibus*  audivimus.  3.  Disce,  puer,  virtutem 
ex  me,  fort  imam  ex  aliis.  4.  Collatlnus  ex  urbe  migravit. 
5.  Jove*  nate,  Hercules,  salve. 

6.  Abstinent  pugnd.  7.  Lacedaemonii  de  diutina 
contentions  destiterunt.  8.  Zama  quinque  dierum  iter  * 
ab  Carthagine  abest.  9.  Ariovistus  multibus5  passuum 
sex  a  Caesaris  castris 6  consedit.  10.  Tu,  Jupiter,  Cati- 
llnam  a  tectis  nrbis,  a  moembus,  a  vita  fortunisqae  civi- 
um  omnium  arcebis.  11.  Dionysius  tyrannus  Syracusis 
expulsus  est.  12.  Aristides  nonne7  expulsus  est  patrid  ? 
13.  Themistocles  imperator  bello  Persico  servitute  Grae- 
ciam  liberavit.  14.  Eobustus  animus  omni  est  liber 
curd  et  angore. 

Rule  XXVIII.-— Ablative  of  Time.— 426,  427. 

5 1.  1.  Augustus  obiit 8  sexto  et  septuagesmio  aetatis 
anno.  2.  Socrates  supremo 9  vitae  die  de  immortalitate 
animorum  multa  disseruit.  3.  Timoleon  proelia  maxi- 
ma l0  natali  die  suo  fecit  omnia.  4.  Qua  node  natus  est 
Alexander,  eddem  Dianae  Ephesiae  templum  denagravit. 

5.  Solis  occdsu  suas  copias  Ariovistus  in  castra  reduxit. 

6.  Nemo  mortalium  omnibus  horis  sapit.  7.  Laelius 
sermonem  de  amicitia  habuit  paucis  diebus  n  post  mor- 
tem Africani.  8.  Roscius  litem  ia  decldit  abliinc  annis 
quattuor.  9.  Carthago  septingentesimo  anno  postquair 
condita  erat,  deleta  est. 


1  83. 

5  378,  2. 

9  163,  3. 

3  66. 

6  132. 

10  165. 

3  66,  3  ; 

425,  3. 

7  346,  II.  1. 

11  427. 

«378. 

8  295,  3. 

12  82,  6. 

24  LATIN   READER. 


Rule  XXIX. — Ablative  of  Characteristic. — 428. 

52.  1.  Caesar  Procillum,  summd  l  virtute  adolescen- 
tem,  ad  Ariovistum  misit.  2.  Aristoteles,  vira  summo 
ingenio,  scientid,  copid,  prudentiam  cum  eloquentia  con- 
junxit.  3.  Cato  singulars  fuit  prudentid  3  et  industrid. 
4.  Appius  homo  fuit  summd  prudentid,  multd  etiani 
doctrind.  5.  Hannibalis  nomen  erat  magna  apud  omnes 
gloria.  6.  Agesilaus  staturd  fuit  humili  et  corpbre  exi- 
guo.  7.  Caesar  fuit  excelsd  staturd,  colore  candido, 
nigris  oculis. 

Rule  XXX. — Ablative  of  Specification. — 429. 

53.  1.  Sunt  quidam  homines*  non  re,  sed  now 

2.  Doctrind  Graecia  Romfmos  et  omni  litterarum  genere 
superabat.  3.  Mardonius,  natione  Medus,  a  Pausania5 
fugatus  est.  4.  Helvetii  reliquos  Gallos  virtute  praeec- 
dunt.  5.  Ancus  regnavit  annos8  quattuor  et  viginti, 
cuilibet 7  superiorum  8  regum  belli  pacisque  et  artibus  et 
gloria  par. 

Rule  XXXI.— Ablative  Absolute.— 430  &  431. 

54.  1.  Cogmto  Caesaris  adventu,  Ariovistus  leg&toe 
ad  eum  mittit.  2.  Ite,8  deis  10  bene  juvanfious.  3.  Py- 
thagoras, Tarquinio  Superbo  regnante,  in  Italiam  venit. 
4.  Virtute  exceptd,  nihil  amicitia  "  praestabilius  est.  5. 
Germani  pellibus  ia  utuntur,  magna  corporis  pa% 

0.  Xatus  est  Augustus,  Cicerone  et  Antonio  con  si' 


1  1C3,  3.  5  414,  5.  9  295. 

8  3G3.  6  378.  ,n  51,  6. 

3  428,  1,  2).  T  191,  II. ;  391. 

43G2.  8163,3.  "419. 


SYNTAX   OF   NOUNS.  25 

7.  Roinani,   Scipione  duce,  jponte  facto  y   superaverunt 
Ticinum  flumen. 

Eule  XXXII. — Cases  with  Prepositions. — 432-435. 

55.  I.  Accusative. — 1.  Sophocles  ad  summam  senec- 
t litem  tragoedias  fecit.  2.  Adolescentes  senum  praeceptis 
ad  virtutum '  studio,  ducuntur.  3.  Pietas  est  justitia  ad- 
versus  deos.  4.  Ante  lucem  galli  canunt.  5.  Epaminon- 
das  Lacedaemonios  vicit  apud  Mantineam.  6.  Legiones 
Etruscorum  cis  Padum  fusae  sunt.  7.  Utilitatis  dere- 
lictio  contra  naturam  est.  8.  Jnstitia  erga  deos  religio  * 
dieitur,  erga  pare?ites,  pietas.  9.  Ratio  conciliat  inter 
se3  homines.  10.  Amicitia  est  propter  se  expetenda.* 
11.  Animus  per  somnum  curis a  vacuus  est.  12.  Post 
me  erat  Aegina.  13.  Secundum  flumen  paucae  stationes 
videbantur.     14.  Germani  trans  JRhenum  incolunt. 

II.  Ablative. — 1.  A  prima6  aetdte  me  philosophia 
delectavit.  2.  Cantabit  vacuus  coram  latrone  viator. 
3.  Sex  menses 7  cum  Antwcho  philosopho  fui.  4.  Scipio 
ob  egregiam  victoriam  de  Ilannibale  appellatus  est  Afri- 
canus.  5.  Yirtus  ex  viro  appellata  est.  6.  Cato  prae 
ceteris  floruit.     7.  Caesar  legiones  pro  castris  constituit. 

8.  Vita  nihil  sine  magno  labore  dedit  mortalibus.8     9. 
Aqua  ev&t  jpectoribus  tenus.9 

III.  Accusative  ok  Ablative. — 1.  In  amnem  ruunt. 
2.  Gallia  est  divisa  in  partes  tres.  3.  Homo  doctus  in  se 
semper  divitias  habet.  4.  Sub  ipsa  moenia  progressi 
sunt.  5.  Saepe  est  etiam  sub  pallio  sordido  sapientia. 
6.  Yirtus  omnia  subter  se  habet. 


1  396,  II. 

4  232. 

7  378. 

3  362. 

6  419,  III. 

8  384,  IL 

8  448,  1. 

6  441,  6;  166. 

9  434,  4. 

26  LATIN   READER. 


SYNTAX  OF  ADJECTIVES. 

Rule  XXXIII. — Agreement  of  Adjectives. — 438,  439. 

56.  1.  Vera  amicitia  semjpiterna  est.  2.  Verae  ami- 
citiae  sem/piternae  sunt.  3.  Yenit  hiems  glacidlis.  4. 
Fugit  irreyparaVile  temp  us.  5.  Nihil  est  ab  omni  parte 
oedtum.  G.  Atra  nubes  condidit  lunam.  7.  Hora  quota 
est  ?     8.  Quails  est  tua  mens  ?     9.  Nemo  nascitur  dives. 

10.  Stultitia  et  temeritas  fugienda  '  sunt.  11.  Labor 
voluptasque,  dissimillima a  natiira,3  inter  se  sunt  juncta. 
12.  Non  terret  sapientem  *  mors.  13.  Fortes  *  fortuna 
adjuvat.  14.  Prima6  luce  summus  mons  a  Labieno 
tenebatur.6  15.  Feriunt  summos  fulgura  montes.  1G. 
Roscius  assiduus"1  ruri8  vixit.  IT.  Philosopliiae 9  nos 
totos  tradimus.  18.  Themistocles  absens  proditionis 10  est 
accusdtus.     19.  Triumplius  clarior  quam  gratior11  fuit. 


SYNTAX  OF  PRONOUNS. 

Rule  XXXIY. — Agreement  of  Pronouns. — 445. 

57.  1.  Omne  animal  se  ipsum  "  diligit.  2.  Ad  quas 
res  aptissimi  erimus,  in  Us  elaborabimus.  3.  Nihil  ex- 
pedit,  quod  non  decet.  4.  Non  est  vir l3  fortis,  qui  M  labo- 
rcm  fugit. 

58.  Personal  and  Possessive. — 44G-449. — 1.  Omnia 


1  460  ;  439,  3. 

6  468. 

"  444,  2. 

"163,  2;  439,  3. 

'443. 

18  452. 

•414. 

8  424,  2  ;  421,  II. 

13  362. 

4  441. 

9  384,  II. 

14  445,  6. 

6  441,  6. 

10  410,  II. 

SYNTAX   OF    PRONOUNS.  27 

animalia  se  diligunt.      2.  Te*  tua*  me  delectant  mea. 

3.  Ad  amicum  de  amicitia  scripsi.  4.  Ego  beatus  sum. 
5.  In  philosophiae  studio  aetatem  consumpsi.  6.  Aris- 
tides  non  effugit  civium  sudrum  invidiam. 

59,  Demonstrative. — 150-452. — 1.  Ilaec  est  tyran* 
norum  vita.     2.  Nos  ipsi 3  consolamur.     3.  file  est  vir. 

4.  Ab  ipso  Graccho  eadem  haee  audlmus.  5.  Homo  ha- 
bet  memoriam  et  earn*  infinitam. 

60.  Eelative. — 453. — 1.  In  mundo  Deus  est,  qui 
regit,  qui  gubernat,  qui  cursus  astrorum,  mutationes 
temporum,  rerum  vicissitudmes  conservat.  2.  Riden- 
tur,6  mala  qui  componunt  carmma.  3.  Eadem  est  utili- 
tatis,  quae 6  honestatis,  regiila.  4.  Servi  moribus 7  iisdem 
erant,  quibus7  dominus.  5.  Animal  hoc  providum, 
sagax,  actitum,  memor,  plenum  ration  is,8  quern9  voca- 
mus  hominem,  generatum  est  a  Deo.  6.  Perutiles 
Xenopbontis  libri  sunt ;  quos  10  legite  studiuse. 

61,  Interrogative. — 454. — 1.  0  diin  immortales,13 
quam  rem  publicam  habemus,  in  qua  urbe  vivimus  ?  2. 
Quae  in  me  est  facultas  ? 

62.  Indefinite. — 455-459. — 1.  Exspectabam  13  all- 
quern  meorum.14  2.  Yeni  Athenas,15  neque  me  quisquam 
ibi  agnovit.  3.  Aut  nemo,  aut,  si  quisquam,  Cato  sapi- 
ens f  uit.  4.  Quidam  consulem  laudant.  5.  Optimum  H 
quidque  "  rarissimum  est.  6.  Consilium  alter 16  exercitum 
perdidit,  alter  vendidit. 


"871. 

'428. 

13  468. 

a441,  1. 

8  390,  2, 

2)- 

14  441,  1. 

3  452,  1. 

9  445,  4. 

15  379. 

4  451,  2. 

10  453. 

16  165  ;  441,  2. 

5  453,  2. 

11  51,  5. 

17  458,  1. 

'•  451,  5. 

12  369. 

'8  151. 

28  LATIN   READER. 

SYNTAX  OF  VERBS. 

Agreement. 

Rule  XXXV.—  Verb  with  £u&/ec£.— 460-463. 

63.  1.  Homines,  dum  docentj  discunt.  2.  Tantuin 
scimus?  quantum  memoria  tenemus.  3.  Ego libertiitem 
peperi  /  ego  patriam  liberdvV  4.  Creseit  amor  nummi, 
quantum 3  ipsa  pecunia  creseit.  5.  Pars  perexigua  Ro- 
mam  inermes  *  deldti  sunt.  6.  Uterque  *  eGrum  exerci- 
tum  ex  castris  educunt?  7.  Corinthus,  totius  Graeciae 
lumen,  exstinctmn1  est.  8.  Ratio  et  oratio  conciliat 8  inter 
se  homines.     0.  Castor  et  Pollux  ex  equis  puqiwverunt? 

Indicative — Tenses  and  Use. 
Rule  XXXVI. —  Use  of  Indicative. — 174. 

64.  Present. — 460,  467. — 1.  Virtus  ab  omnibus 
lauddtur.  2.  Nulla  hdbemus  arma  contra  mortem.  3. 
In  proelio  cita  mors  venit,  aut  victoria  laeta. 

65.  Imperfect. — 468,  469. — 1.  Laelius  orationem 
suam  exomabat.  2.  Exspectdbam  adventum  Menandri. 
3.  Lycurgi  leges  vigebant.  4.  Ut  Romae 10  consulcs,  sic 
Carthaginc  quotannis  bini  reges  weabantur. 

66.  Future  and  Future  Perfect. — 470, 473. — 1.  Ro- 


1  460,  2. 

6  151,  4. 

8  463, 1. 

a460,  2,  1). 

*  461,  3. 

94<»:;,  II. 

•  380,  2. 

7  462. 

11  421,  II. 

4  438,  6. 

SYNTAX  OF   VERBS.  29 

mam 1  quum  venero,  quae a  perspexero,  scribam  ad  te. 
2.  Ut  sementem  fecerzs,  ita  metes.  3.  Si  te  3  rogcmero 
aliquid,8  r>.on  respondebis  f 

67.  Perfect  and  Pluperfect. — 471,  472. — 1.  Hos- 
tes,  ubi  primum  nostros  equites  conspexeruntf  celeriter 
nostros  perturbaverunt.  2.  Ipse  semper  cum  Graecis 
Latlna  conjunxi.  3.  Civitas  haec  semper  a  me  defensa 
est.  4.  LacedaemoniOrum  gens  fortis  fuit,  dum  Lycurgi 
leges  vigebant.  5.  Summa  cura 5  exspectabam  adventum 
Menandri,  quern "  ad  te  miseram.  6.  Hannibal  tres  mo- 
dios  aureorum  annulorum  Cartliaginem  misit,  quo3 
manibus '  oquitum  Romanorura 8  detraxerat. 

Subjunctive. — Tenses  and  Use. 
Rule  XXXVII.— Sequence  of  Tenses.— 480,  481. 

68.  1.  Ego  vos  hortor,  ut  amicitiam  omnibus  rebus9 
liumanis  antepondtis.10  2.  Philosopliia  nos  docuit,  ut 
nosmet"  ipsos  nosceremus.12  3.  Dubitant  nonnulli  de 
mundo,  casune  13  ipse  sit  effectus"  an  mente  divlna.  4. 
Epaminondas  quaesivit,  salvusne  I5  esset  clipeus.  5.  Epa- 
minondas  rogavit,  essentnefusi  hostes.  6.  Ego  in  causis 
publicis  ita  sum  versiitus,  ut  defendcrim  multos. 

Rule  XXXVIII.— Potential  Subjunctive.— 485,  486. 

69.  1.  Quaerat  quispiam,  cujusn  am  16  causa 17  mun 


dus  factus  sit.14 

2. 

Videas 

rebus  u 

injustis  just( 

'379. 

7  434,  1. 

,s  526,  II.  1. 

2  445,  6. 

8  438. 

14  525. 

a374. 

•  386. 

15  526,  I. 

4  460,  2. 

K  489,  490. 

16  188,  3. 

6  414,  3. 

11  184,  6. 

J7  414. 

•445. 

"492,  2;  3'74,  4. 

"  441,  545. 

30  LATIN   READER. 

maxime '  dolere.'  3.  Equidem  vellem*  ut  redlres.  4. 
Forsitan  quaeras  qui  iste  terror  sit.  5.  Hoc  sine  ulla.  * 
dubitatione  confirmaverim.  6.  Quid  facidtis  f h  7. 
Quis  haec  faciat  f  8.  Quid  videdtur  Deo 6  magnum  in 
rebus  humanis  ? 

Rule  XXXIX.— Subjunctive  of  Desire. — 487  ;  488. 

70.  1.  Imitemur  majores  nostros.  2.  Valeant  cives 
mei ;  sint  incoliimes,  sint  beati ;  stet  haec  urbs  praeclara. 
3.  Religio  et  fides  antepondtur7  amicitiae.8  4.  Orator 
imitetur  Demosthenem.  5.  Is  qui  imperat  aliis '  serviat 
ipse  nulli 10  cupiditati.  6.  In  rebus  prosperis  superbiam 
arrogantiamque/^^mtw?.  7.  ~Ne  quis,  tanquam  parva, 
fastidiat  grammaticae  elementa. 

Rule  XL. — Subjunctive  of  Purpose  or  Result. — 489. 

71.  Ut  and  Ne.— 490-493.— 1.  Romani  ab  aratro 
abduxerunt  Cincinnatum,  ut  dictator  esset.n  2.  Phaethon 
optavit,  ut  in  currum  "  patris  13  toller  etur.u  3.  Caesar 
adLamiam  scripsit,  ut  ad  ludos  omnia  pararet.1*  4.  Ti- 
moleon  oravit  omnes,  ne  id  facerent*  5.  Deerevit 
senatus,  ut  consul  videret"  ne  quid  res  publica  detri- 
menti ,e  caperet."  6.  Discipulo3  id  unum  17  moneo,  ut 
pracceptores  18  non  minus,  quam  ipsa  studia  amenta 

72.  Ut  and  ut  non. — 494-496. — 1.  Tanta  vis  probi- 
tatis  est,  ut  earn  in  hoste  etiam  d'rfigumus.     2.  Div< 

cui ltf  tanta  possessio  est,  ut  nihil  optct  amplius,  3.  Epa- 
minondas  adeo  fuit  veritiitis  ao  diligens,  ut  ne  joco  2l  qui- 


1  305,  2  ; 

105. 

8  386. 

»37i 

a550. 

8  886 

,fi  396,  III. 

8  293. 

»  151. 

74,  5 

*  151. 

■  480. 

"371. 

•  486,  II. 

12  435. 

w387. 

•384. 

19  77,  II.  1. 

SO;;,, 

'463,  1. 

M  49ft. 

41  414,  8. 

SYNTAX   OF   VERBS.  31 

dem1  mentiretur.  4.  Quis  est  tain  miser,  ut  non  Dei 
munificentiam  senserit  ?  5.  Alcibiades  erat  ea  sagacitate,' 
ut  decipi '  non  posset.* 

73.  Quo,  Que*,  Quominus.— 497-499. — 1.  Lex  bre- 
yis  est,  quo  facilius  ab  imperltis  teneatur.  2.  Nunquam 
accedo  ad  te,  quin  abs  te  abeam 6  doctior.  3.  Quis  dubi- 
tet,6  quin  in  virtute  divitiae  sint  f  4.  Quid  obstat,  quo- 
minus  Deus  sit  beatus  ? 

74.  Eelatiye. — 500,  501. — 1.  Caesar  cquitatum,  qui 
sustirieret  hostium  impetum,  misit.  2.  Non  tu  is  es, 
quem  niliil  delectet.  3.  Ego  is  sum,  qui  nihil  unquam 
mea,  potius  quam  meorum  civium  causa,7  fecerim.*  4. 
Nihil  est  quod  Deus  efficere 9  non  possit.  5.  Nullum  est 
animal  praeter  hominem,  quod  habeat  notitiam  aliquam 
Dei.  6.  Inventi  sunt  multi,10  qui  non  modo  pecuniam,11 
sed  vitam  etiam  profundere 12  pro  patria  parati 13  essent. 

Rule  XLI. — Subjunctive  of  Condition. — 503-513. 

75.  Dum,  Modo,  Dummodo. — 505. — 1.  Oderint,14  dum 
metuant.  2.  Multi  omnia  recta ,0  negligunt,  dummodo 
potentiam  consequantur.  3.  Omnia  postposui,  dummodo 
praeceptis16  jy&tris  jparere?n. 

16.  Ac  sr,  Ut  si,  Quasi,  etc — 506. — 1.  Kegem  lauda- 
verunt  ac  si  hostes  vicisset.  2.  Patres  metus  cepit,16 
velut  si  jam  ad  poi*tas  hostis  esset.  3.  Quid 17  testibus 18 
utor,  quasi  res  dubia  sit. 


1  602,  III.  2. 

7  414. 

13  438. 

2  428. 

8  481,  I.  2; 

460. 

14  487,  297. 

3  552,  1. 

9  552,  1. 

13  385. 

4  290. 

10  441. 

16  222. 

5  295,  3. 

11  371. 

17  380,  2. 

«  486,  II. 

12  552,  3. 

18  419. 

32  LATIN    READER. 

77.  Si,  Nisi,  etc.  :  Qui=Si  is,  etc.— 507-513.— 1. 
An i mum  rege,  qui,  nisi  paret,  imperaV  2.  Si  beatam 
vitam  volumus 3  adipisei,3  virtuti  opera  danda  est.  3. 
Thucydidis  orationes  ego  laudo  ;  imitari  neque possirn* 
si  velim*  nee  velim  fortasse,  si  possim.  4.  JNon  posse  f  a 6 
vivere,  nisi  in  litteris  viveremj'  .  5.  Consilium,  ratio,  sen- 
(tentia  nisi  essent*  in  senibus,'  non  summum8  consilium* 
majores  nostri  appellassent  °  senatum. 

Rule  XLII. — Subjunctive  of  Concession, — 515,  516. 

78.  Licet,  Quamvis,  etc. — 1.  Licet  ipsa  vitium"  sit 
ambitio,  frequenter  tamen  causa  virtutum  est.18  2.  Non 
est  magnus  pumilio,  licet  in  monte  constiterit.  3.  Quam- 
vis se  '3  ipso  contentus  sit  sapiens,14  amlcis  '*  illi  opus  est. 
4.  Ego,  qui  sero  Graecas  littcras  attigissem,  tamen  com- 
plures  Athenis ,e  dies  "  sum  commoratus. 

79.  Etsi,  Tametsi,  Etiamsi. — 1.  Eloquentiae  ,9  stu- 
dendum  est,  etsi  ea ,9  quidam  perverse  abutuntur.  2. 
Hoc,  etiamsi  nobilitatum  non  sit,'0  tamen  honestum  est ; 
etiamsi  a  nullo24  laudetur,  est  laudabfle. 

Rule  XLIII. — Subjunctive  of  Cause. — 517-520. 

80.  Quum,  Qui. — 518,  519. — 1.  Quum  vita  sine  aml- 
cis metus  ™  plena  sit,  ratio  ipsa  monet  amicitiaa  compa- 
rare.     2.  Quum  sint  in  nobis  consilium,  ratio,  prudent  ia, 


'508. 

"373. 

•"421. 

"293. 

10  510,  1 ; 

234. 

17  378. 

s552. 

"  362. 

4  509, 

289. 

M  460,  2. 

'510. 

"419,  IV. 

"460 

•510; 

463, 

II. 

"  441. 

«  l.M. 

•  66. 

15  419,  :;. 

22  399,  2,  2). 

*  103.  3. 


SYNTAX   OF   VERBS.  33 

necesse  est,  Deum  '  haec  ipsa  habere5  majora.  3.  Qmim 
venissem 3  Athenas,4  sex  menses 5  cum  Antioeho,  nobilis- 
simo  6  philosopho,7  fui.  4.  Caninius  fuit  mirifica  vigil  an- 
tia,8  qui  suo  toto  consulatu 9  somnum  non  videriV0 

81.  Quod,  Quia,  etc. — 520. — 1.  Plato  escam11  malo- 
rum  appellat  voluptatem,  quod  ea  'a  homines  cajpiantur, 
velut  hamo  pisces.  2.  Nemo  unquam  est  oratorem,  quod 
JLatme  loqueretm^  admiratus.  3.  Mater  irata  est,  quia 
non  redierim. 

Rule  XLIV. — Subjunctive  of  Time  with  Cause. — 521-523. 

82.  1.  Dura  reliquae  naves  convenlrent,  ad  horam 
nonam  exspectavit.  2.  Quievere  13  milites,  dum  praefec- 
tus  arma 14  inspiceret.  3.  Tragoedi  quotidie,  antequam 
pronuntient,  vocem  sensim  excitant.  4.  Ante  15  videmus 
fulguratiunem,  quam  sonum  audidmus.  5.  Caesar  ad 
Pompeii  castra10  pervenit,  priusquam  Pompeius  sentiret." 

Rule  XLV. — Subjunctive  in  Indirect  Questions. — 525. 

83.  1.  Neseis,  quantas  vires  virtus  Aaheat.iS  2.  No- 
men  tantum  virtutis  usurpas ;  quid  l9  ipsa  valeat,  ignoras. 

3.  Lepidus  declaravit  quantum  haberet  odium  servitutis.20 

4.  Caesar  equitatum  omnem  praemittit,  qui 21  videant,22 
quas  in  ]>artes  iterfaciant.  5.  Non  intelligunt  homines, 
quam  magnum  vectlgal 23  sit  parsimonia.24     6.  In  orato- 


545; 

45,  6. 

9  426. 

17  523,  2. 

2  549. 

10  519. 

*  525,  2  ;  480. 

5  518, 

II.  1. 

11  373. 

10  380,  2. 

4  379. 

12  414. 

20  396,  II. 

6  378. 

13  235. 

21  445,  5. 

6  162. 

14  131, 

1, 

4). 

82  500. 

7  363. 

16  523, 

3, 

2). 

*  362. 

*  428. 

10-  i 

79,  I. 

"  'l&f. 

34  LATIN   READER. 

ribus  Graecis,  admirabile  est,  quantum  inter  omnes  unus 
excellat.  7.  Mihi  non  minori '  curae 3  est,  qualis  res  pub- 
lica  post  mortem  me&mfutura  sit,  quam  qualis  hodie  sit. 

Rule  XL VI. — Subjunctive  by  Attraction. — 527. 

84.  1.  Me  admones,  ut  me  integrum,  quoad  jws-sv  77?, 
servem.3  2.  Quid  est,  cur  non  orator  de  rebus  iis  elo- 
quentissime  dicat,4  quas  cognorit.  3.  Jussit  ut,  quae 
venissent,  nave3  Euboeam  peterent.3  4.  In  Hortensio 
memoria  fuit  tanta,  ut,  quae  secum  commentdtus  esset, 
ea  verbis 5  iisdem 6  redderet,7  quibus  cogitovisset.  5.  Re- 
cordatione °  nostrae  amicitiae  sic  fruor,  ut  be&te  vixisse  * 
videar/  quia  cum  Scipione  vixerim.10 

Rule  XLVII. — Subjunctive  in  Indirect  Discourse.— 529. 

85.1.  Socrates  dicebat,"  omnes  ,a  in  eo,  quod  scirent, 
satis  "  esse  H  eloquentes.  2.  Apud  Hypanim  16  fluvium, 
Aristoteles  ait,18  bestiolas  quasdem  nasci,  quae  unum 
diem  vivant.  3.  Ariovistus  Caesari  '7  respondit :  quid 
sibi  vellet  f  ,8  cur  in  suas  possessiones  veniret  f  jus  esse 
belli,  ut,  qui  vicissent,  iis,10  quos  vicissent,  quemadmo- 
dum  vellent,  imjperarent.  „  4.  Legationi  Ariovistus  respon- 
dit: si  quid  ipsi20  a  Caesare  opus  esset*1  sese  ad  cum 
venturum  fuisse;31  si  quid  ille  a  se  vdit,  ilium  ad  se 
venire "  oportere.  5.  Divico  ita  cum  Caesare  egit :  si 
pacem  populus  Eomanus  cum   TLelyetiisfacSret™  in  earn 


1  165. 

9  549,  4, 

!)• 

17  384. 

2  390. 

10  481,  1. 

2. 

■  2<>3. 

'489. 

11  469,  II 

™  885. 

*  525. 

,a  545. 

80  45. 

6  414. 

13  582. 

21  5:.: 

8  186. 

"  530,  I. 

»  549,  2. 

T  489,491. 

»  85,  III. 

1. 

28  C33,  3. 

8  419. 

"  297,  II. 

1. 

SYNTAX   OF   VERBS.  35 

partem  ituros '  Helvetios,3  ubi  eos  Caesar  esse  voluisset  / 3 
sin  bello  persequi  *  per  sever  dret,  reminisceretur  pristmae 
virtutis 5  Helvetiorum. 

Imperative — Tenses  and  Use. 

Rule  XI/VTII. — Imperative. — 535. 

86.  1.  Sperne  voluptates.  2.  Consulite  vobis,'  Pa- 
Ires7  conscriipti,  prospicite  patriae,  conservdte  vos,"  conju- 
ges,  liberos,  fortunasque  vestras  ;  popiili  Pomani  nomen 
salutemque  defendite.  3.  Vive  memor  leti ; 9  fugit  hora. 
4.  Valetudmem  tuam  cura  diligenter.  5.  Virtutes  excita, 
si  forte  dormiunt. I  6.  Poemata  dulcia  sunto.™  7.  Im- 
pius  "  ne  ,a  audeto  13  placiire  donis  iram  deorum.  8.  Con- 
soles militiae  summum  jus  habento,  nemmi  parento.  9. 
Noli  li  te  oblivisci u  Ciceronem  esse.  10.  Cura  ut  quam 
primum  15  venias.16. 

Infinitive — Tenses  and  Use. 

Tenses  of  Infinitive. — 540-544. 

Rule  XLIX.— Subject  of  Infinitive.— 345. 

Predicate  after  Infinitive. — 546,  547. 

Infinitive  as  Subject. — 549. 

87.1.  Virum  oonum  esse,  semper  est  utile.17  2.  Om- 
nibus bonis 18  expedit,  salvam  esse  rem  publicam.  3.  A 
Deo  mundum  necesse 17  est  regi.     4.  Concedendum  est  * 


1  530,  I. ; 

545,  3; 

295. 

8  448. 

M  538,  2. 

2  545. 

9  399,  2,  2). 

10  305,  6. 

3  532,  4 

10  537,  II. 

10  535,  1,  1). 

4  552. 

11  441. 

17  438,  3. 

6  406,  II. 

12  538,  1. 

,B  441,  384. 

8  384. 

13  271,  3. 

19  801,  2. 

7  369. 

36  LATIN  EEADER. 

in  virtute  sola  positam  esse  bedtam  vitam.  5.  Laelium 
doctum  fuisse  traditum  est.*.  6.  Lectltavisse '  Platonem 
studiuse  Demosthenes  dicitur.'  7.  Non  esse2  cujndum 
pecunia3  est.  8.  Non  esse  emdeem  vectlgal  est.  9.  Con* 
tentum  suis  rebus 4  esse  maximae 5  sunt  divitiae.  10.  Di- 
ligere  parentes"  prima7  naturae  lex3  est.  11.  Lycurgi 
temporibus 8  Homerus  fulsse  dicitur.  12.  Imperdre  sibi 
maximum  est  imperium.  13.  Parentes  suos  non  amdrc* 
impietas  est.  14.  Constat  ad  salutem  civium  inventas 
esse  leges.  15.  Pecuniam  jpraeferre  '*  amicitiae  l0  sordidum 
est.  16.  Nihil  est  tarn  angusti  animi,"  quam  amare  di- 
vitias.     17.  Ex  malis  eligere  minima  oportet. 

Infinitive  as  Object. — 550,  551. 
88.  1.  Ferre  labdrem  consuetQdo  docet.     2.  Vincere 
scis,  Hannibal,19  victoria  ,3  utl  nescis.     3.  Magister  tuus 
te  magna  mercede 14  nihil ib  sapere :8  docuit.      4.  Nuin 
sum  vel  Graece  loqui,  vel  Latlne  docendus  ?     5.  Non 
omnes  sciunt  referre  J7  beneficium.     6.  A  Graecis ,B  Galli 
urbes  moembus ,u  cingere  didicerunt.     7.  Non  utdem  ar- 
bitror  esse  futurarum  rerum  so  tent  tarn.     8.  Concede  nihil 
esse  honum,  nisi  quod  honestum  sit.20     9.  Nonne  poetae 
post  mortem  ndbilitdri  volunt  ?    10.  Suracusas  maun 
esse  Graecdrum  urbium*1  omnium  audivistis.     11.  S 
tes  parens22  philosophiae  jure"  dici  potest.2*     12.  Nun- 
quam  putavi/b/^,26  ut  supplex  ad  te  venlrem.2*     13. 
esse  quam  videri  bonus 83  malebat.26 


!  549, 

4, 

1). 

10  S86, 

1. 

» 4 

3  545, 

2, 

*)■ 

"401. 

20  531. 

•  362. 

12  369. 

4  419, 

IV 

13  419. 

28  547,  L 

6  165. 

"416 

"414. 

•371. 

16  871, 

::. 

1  166. 

18  374, 

4. 

84  544. 

*  426. 

"  292, 

o 

tt  292, 

w  42.->. 

SYNTAX   OF    VERBS.  37 

Infinitive  in  Special  Constructions. — 553. 

89.  1.  Consilium  erat  continuare 1  bellum.  2.  Bene 
et  beate  vivere  est  honeste  et  recte  vivere.  3.  Postumio 
negotium  dabatur  videre,*  ne  quid3  res  publica  detri- 
menti4  caperet.&  4.  Fuit  fama  Themistoclem  venenum 
sua  sponte 6  sum/psisse.  5.  Consilium  fuit  in  Graeciam 
redlre.  6.  Fama  est  Romulum  Eomam  condidisse.  7. 
Fama  est  Homerum  caecum  fitisse. 

Subject  and  Object  Clauses. — 554-558. 

90.  Subject  Clauses. — 555,  556. — 1.  Quaeritur,  quid 
faciendum  sit.7  2.  Yerum8  est  amicitiam  inter  bonos 
esse.  3.  Reliquum  est,  ut  certemus 9  officiis 10  inter  nos. 
4.  Accedit  quod11  patrem12  amo. 

91.  Object  Clauses. — 557,  558. — 1.  Non  dubito,  tu 
quid  respons&rus  sis.7  2.  Rogavi  pervenissentne 13  Agri- 
gentum.  3.  Sentlmus  nivem  esse  albam;  dulce,  mel. 
4.  Democritus  dicit  innumerabiles  esse  mundos.  5.  Me- 
mini  gloriatuln  esse  Hortensium,14  quod  nunquam  bello 1& 
civlli  interfuisset.16 

Geeunds  and  Gerundives. — 559-566. 

92.  Genitive. — 563. — 1.  Sapientia  ars17  vivendi  pu- 
tanda  est.  2.  Caesar  loquendi  finem  facit.  3.  Mihi18 
discendi,  tibi  docendi  facultatem  otium  praebet.  4.  Le- 
gendi  semper  occasio  est,  audiendi,  non  semper.  5.  Epa- 


1  553,  I. 

7  525. 

13  526,  I. 

2  553,  II. 

8  438,  3. 

14  545. 

3  190,  1. 

9  495,  2. 

15  386. 

4  396,  2,  3). 

10  414. 

16  529. 

5  492. 

11  554,  IV. 

17  362. 

6  414,  2. 

"  447. 

18  384,  II, 

38  LATIN   READER. 

minondas  studiosus  erat  audiendi.1  6.  Maxrnie*  sum 
cupidus  te8  audiendi.  7.  Demosthenes  Platonis  studio- 
sus audiendi  fuit.  8.  Multi  propter  gloriae  cupiditatem 
cupidi  sunt  bellorum  gerendorum.  9.  Exercendae  memo- 
riae gratia,4  quid  quoque  die6  audierim,6  commemoro 
vespere. 

93.  Dative. — 564. — 1.  Crassus  disserendo1  par  non» 
erat.  2.  Solvendo*  civitates  non  erant.  3.  Numa  sacer- 
dotibus*  creandis  animum  adjecit.  4.  ~M.onsj)ecori  bonus 
alendo  erat.  5.  Consul  _placandis  diis  dat  operam.  6. 
Sunt  nonnulli  acuendis  puerorum  ingeniis  non  inutiles 
lusus. 

94.  Accusative. — 565. — 1.  Homo  ad  inteUigendum" 
et  ad  agendum  est  natus.  2.  Breve  tempus  aetatis  satis 
longum  est  ad  bene11  vivendum*  3.  Bene  sentlre  recte- 
que  facere ia  satis  est  ad  bene  beateque  vivendum.  4. 
Pythagoras  Lacedaemona 13  ad  cognoscendas  Lycurgi 
leges  contendit.  5.  Ubii  navium  magnam  copiam  ad 
transportandum  exer&itum  pollicebantur.  6.  CatilTna, 
nobilissimi  generis14  vir,  sed  ingenii  pravissimi,  ad  d 
damjpatriam  conjuravit  cum  audacissimis  viris. 

•95.  Ablative. — 566. — 1.  Nihil1'  agendo"  horn 
male  agere  17  discunt.     2.  Lycurgi  leges  laboribus  erudi- 
unt  juventutem,  venando,  eurrendo,  dlgendo,  aestuando. 
3.  Omnis  loquendi  elegantia  augetur  leg< 
etpoetis.    4.  Yirtutes  cernuntur  in  agendo.     5.  Multa  " 
de  bene  beateque  vivendo  a  PI  atone  disput&ta  sunt. 


1  399,  2,  2). 

7  391,  1. 

13  31V  . 

a305,  2;  165. 

8  384. 

M  890,  IV. 

8  371. 

8  384,  II. 

16  371. 

4  414,  1 

W  433. 

»414. 

'426. 

11  559. 

"  M 

•525;  <1".\ 

»  549. 

tl,  1. 

syntax  of  veebs.  39 

Supine.— 567-570. 

Rule  L. — Supine  in  um. — 569. 

Supine  in  u. — 570. 

96,  1.  Lacedaemonii  Agesilaum  belldtum  miserunt  in 
Asiam.  2.  Themistocles  Argos  '  habitdtum  concessit. 
3.  Hannibal  patriam 2  defensum  revocatus  est.  4.  Vei- 
entes  pacem  petitum  oratores  Eomam  mittunt.  5.  Quod 
optimum a  factu  *  videbitur,  facies.  6.  Quid  est  tain  ju- 
cundum  cogmtu  atque  audltu,  quam  sapientibus  senten- 
iiis 6  ornata  oratio  ?  7.  Pleraque  dictu,  quam  re 6  sunt 
faciliora.' 

Participles. — 571-581. 

97.  1.  Alexander  moriens 8  anniilum  dedit  Perdiccae. 
2.  Hippias  in  Marathon ia  pugna  cecidit,  arma  contra  pa- 
triam f evens.9  3.  Apelles  pinxit  Alexandrum  Magnum, 
fulmen  tenentem  in  templo  Ephesiae  Dianae.  4.  Sol 
occidens 10  noctem  conf  icit.  5.  Terra  mutata  "  non  mu- 
tat  mores.  6.  Dionjsius  tyrannus,  Syracusis ia  expulsus, 
Corintlii 13  pueros  docebat.  7.  Hannibal  imperator 14 
/actus  omnes  gentes  Hispaniae  bello  subegit.  8.  Sacer- 
dos  mncta  in  custodiam  datur.  9.  Kegibus  exactis,  con- 
stiles  creati  sunt.  10.  PerdUis  16  rebus  omnibus,  tamen 
ipsa  10  virtus  se  sustentare  "  potest.  11.  Athenienses,  non 
exspectdto1*  auxilio,  in  proelium  egrediuntur.19    12.  Sperne 


J379. 

8  578,  I. 

14  362,  3. 

2  371. 

9  292. 

16  578,  IV. 

3  165. 

m  578,  II. 

M  452. 

4  570,  429. 

11  580. 

17  552, 1. 

6  414. 

12  425. 

18  581. 

•429. 

13  421,  II. 

18  225. 

163,  2. 


40  LATIN   EEADEE. 

voluptates  ;  nocet  empta  dolore  '  voluptas.  13.  Dilapsi 
sunt  in  oppida,  moembus 9  se  defenswri?  14.  Pueris 
sententias  ediseendas3  damus.  15.  Lentiilus  attribuit 
urbem  inflammandam  Cassio,4  totam  Italiam  vastandam 
Catillnae. 


SYNTAX  OF  PAETICLES. 

Rule  LI.—  Use  of  Adverbs.— 582-585. 
Conjunctions,  587,  588. 

98.  Adverbs. — 1.  Sapientis6  animus  semper  vacat 
vitio,9  nunquam  turgescit;  nunquam  sapiens  irascitur. 
2.  Semper  in  proelio  iis 7  maximum 8  est  periculum  qui  • 
maxime  timent.  3.  Ut  seeunda 10  moderate  tulimus,"  sic 
adversam  iort\m^m  fortiter  ferre  debemus. 

99.  Conjunctions. — 1.  Horae  cedunt  et  dies  et  menses 
et  anni.  2.  Neque  pecuniae  neque  tecta  magnif  ica  "  ne- 
que  opes  13  neque  imperia  neque  voluptates  in  bonis  rebus 
numerandae  sunt.  3.  Atticus  neque  mendacium  dicebat 
neque  pati  poterat.  4.  Virtus  nee  eripi  nee  surripi  potest 
unquam  ;  neque-  naufragio  14  neque  incendio  amittitur. 
5.  Aut  labores  aut  sumptus  suscipere  nolunt.16  6.  Est 
philosophi Je  habere  "  non  vagam,  sed  certain  sententiam. 
7.  Jus  sua  sponte 18  est  expetendum  ;  etenim  omiies  viri 
boni  jus  ipsum  amant. 


'416. 

7  387. 

13  133,  1. 

a414. 

8  165. 

M  414,  4. 

8  578,  V. 

9445. 

198. 

4  384,  II. 

10  441,  1. 

,fl  401. 

6  441. 

"  292. 

"  549. 

•419,111. 

18  104. 

"411 

PAR  T    SEC  OJSr.B. 
LATIN    SELECTIONS 


FABLES. 


Note. — It  is  recommended  that,  in  reading  the  Fables  and  Anecdotes, 
special  attention  should  be  given  to  Gender  and  to  the  Declension  of 
Nouns,  Adjectives  and  Pronouns. 

The  Kid  and  the  Wolf. 

100.  Hoedus,  stans  '  in  tecto  domus,2  lupo3  praeter- 
eunti  maledixit.  Cui  lupus,  " Non  tu"  inquit,4  u  sed 
tectum  mihi  maledicit" 

Saepe  locus 6  et  tempus  homines 6  timidos  audaces 7 
reddit.8 

Tlie  Oxen. 

101.  In  eodem  prato  pascebantur  °  tres  10  boves11  in 
maxima  concordia,  et  sic  ab  omni  ferarum  incursione ia 
tuti  erant.  Sed  dissidio  13  inter  illos  orto,  singiili  a  feris  u 
petiti  et  laniati  sunt. 

Fabiila  docet,  quantum  boni  sit 15  in  concordia. 


1  438,  1. 

8  72,  2. 

"  66. 

2  119,  I. 

7  373,  3. 

13  100,  3. 

3  384. 

8  463,  I. 

13  431. 

4  29Y,  II.  2. 

9  468. 

14  414,  5. 

6  141. 

10  175. 

16  525. 

42  LATIN   READER. 

The  Woman  and  the  Hen. 

102.  Mulier  quaedam  habebat  galllnam,  quae  ei1 
quotidie  ovum  pariebat  aureum.  Hinc  suspicari a  coepit/ 
illam  auri  massam  intus  celare,  et  galllnam  occidit.  Sed 
nihil  in  ea  reperit,  nisi  quod  *  in  aliis  galllnis  reperlri 
solet.5  Itaque  dum  majoribus a  divitiis 7  inhiabat,  etiam 
minores  perdidit. 

The  Peasant  and  the  Mouse. 

103.  Mus8  a  rustico  deprehensus  tarn  acri  morsu 
ejus  digitos  vulneravit,  ut  ille  eum  dimitteret,9  dicens : 
"  Nihtt,  meliercule,  tamjpusillum  est,  quodde  salute 10  des- 
perare  debeat"  modo  se  defender e  velit" 

The  Fox  and  the  Grapes. 

104.  Yulpes  "  uvam  in  vite  conspicata  ad  illam  sub- 
siliit  omnium  virium 14  suarum  contentione,16  si  earn  forte 
attingere  posset.  Tandem  defatigata  inani  labore  disce- 
dens  dixit :  "  At  nunc  etiam  acerbae  sunt,  nee  eas  in  via 
re/pertas ie  tollerem" " 

Hacc  fabiila  docet,  multos  ea  contemnerc,  quae  se 
sissequi  posse  desperent.18 

Tlie  Wolf  and  the  Crane. 

105.  In  faucibus  lupi  os  inhaeserat.  Mercede  "  igitur 
conducit  gruem,30  qui  illud  extrahat.11  Hoc  grus  longi- 
tudme51  colli  facile  effecit.      Quum  autem  mercOdem 


1  384,  II. 

8  115,  1 

15  414;  100,  3. 

9  552. 

9  489; 

494. 

16  578,  III. 

3  297;  460,  2. 

J0  73,  E. 

2; 

115,  2. 

17  503  ;  503,  2. 

4  445,  6. 

11  500. 

>8  501,  I. 

»  271,  3. 

12  505. 

19  416;  101.  1. 

•  165. 

«3  13,  3. 

*>  66,  1 

7  386. 

14  66. 

si  100 

FABLES.  43 

postularet,1  subridens  lupus  et  dentibus9  infrendens, 
u  Num  tibi"  inquit,  "  parva  merces 3  videlur,  quod  ca- 
put ineolume  ex  lupifaucibus  extraxisti  f  " 

The  Trumpeter. 

106.  Tubicen4  ab hostibus  captus, " Neh  me" inquit, 
"  interficiU  /  nam  inermis  sum,  neque '  quidquam  ha- 
beo  jpraeter  hanc  tubam"  At  hostes,  "Propter  /joo 
ipsum"  inquiunt,  u  te  interimemus,  quod,  quum  ipse 
pugnandi 7  sis 8  imperltus,  alios  ad  pugnam  incitare 
soles." 

Fabiila  docet,  uon  solum  maleficos9  esse  puniendos, 
sed  etiam  eos,  qui  alios  ad  male  faciendum  10  irrltent.11 

The  Husbandman  and  his  Sons. 

107.  Agricola  senex,  quum  mortem13  sibi 13  appro- 
pinquate sentlret,14  filios  convocavit,  quos,15  ut  fieri 16  so- 
let,  interdum  discordare  noverat,"  et  fascem  virgularum 
afferri 18  jubet.  Quibus  allatis,  filios  hortatur,  ut  hunc 
fascem  frangerent.  Quod  19  quum  facere  non  possent, 
distribuit  singiilas  virgas,  risque  celeriter  fractis,  docuit 
illos,  quam  firma  res20  esset21  concordia,  quamque  imbe- 
cillis  discordia. 

The  Mice. 

108.  Mures  aliquando  habuerunt  consilium,  quo- 
modo  sibi 2a  a  fele  caverent.     Multis  aliis 23  propositis, 


1  518,  II. 

•441;  545. 

17  278,  3. 

2  110,  1. 

10  559,  565. 

18  292,  2 ;  551. 

3  362. 

11  501,  I. 

19  453. 

4  Y6,  1. 

"110;  105. 

20  362. 

6  538,  1. 

13  386. 

31  525. 

6  587,  I.  2. 

14  518,  II. 

22  385,  3. 

7  663 ;  399. 

16  545. 

23  431. 

*  518,  I. 

16  294. 

44  LATIN   READER. 

omnibus  placuit,  ut  ei '  tintinnabulum  annecteretur ; a  sic 
enim  ipsos8  sonitu  admonitos  earn  fugere  posse.  Sed 
quum  jam  inter  mures  quaereretur,4  qui  feli  tintinnabii- 
lum  annecteret,6  nemo  repertus  est. 

Fabiila  docet,  in  suadendo 8  plurimos 7  esse  audaces, 
sed  in  ipso  periciilo  timidos. 

The  Enemies. 

109.  In  eadem  navi 8  vehebantur  duo,8  qui  inter  se 
capitalia  odia  exercebant.  Unus 9  eorum  in  prora,  alter 10 
in  puppi11  residebat.  Orta  tempestate  ingenti,  quum 
omnes  de  vita  desperarent,  interrogat  is,  qui  in  puppi 
sedebat,  gubernatorem,  utram  "partem  navisprius  sub- 
mersum  iri  existimdret.  Cui  gubernator,  "  Proram? 
respondit.  Turn  ille,  "  Jam  Triors  mihi  non  molesta  est^ 
quum  inimici  mei  mortem  adspecturus  simp 13 

The  Tortoise  and  the  Eagle. 

110,  Testudo  aquilam.  magnopere  orabat,  ut  sese 
volare  doceret.13  Aquila  ei  ostendebat  quidem,  earn  1+ 
rem  "  petere  naturae 16  suae  contrariam ;  sed  ilia  nihilo  " 
minus  instabat,  et  obsecrabat  aquilam,  ut  se  volucrem 
facere  vellet.18  Itaque  ungulis  arreptam  aquila  sustulit 
in  sublime,  etdemisit  illam,  ut  peraerem  ferretur.13  Turn 
in  saxa  incidens  comminuta  interiit.1' 

Haec  fabula  docet,  multos  cupiditatibus  suis  occaeca- 
tos  consilia  prudentiorum  respuere,  ct  in  exitium  mere 
stultitia ao  sua. 


'S8Q. 

"  62,  III. 

15  371. 

8  495,  8, 

°441;  175. 

18  891. 

9  545. 

10 151. 

17  418, 

*  618,  n. 

11  62,  III. 

18  293. 

6  525. 

"  517. 

19  295,  3. 

8  566,  IT. 

13  489. 

90  414,  2. 

'165;  441. 

"  545. 

FABLES.  45 

The  Lion. 
111.  Societatem  junxerant  '  leo,  juvenca,  capra,  ovis. 
Praeda  autem,  quam  ceperant,  in  quattuor  partes  aequa- 
les  divisa,3  leo,  " Prima"  ait,8  " mea  est ;  debetur  enim 
haee  praestantiae  meae.  Tollam  et  seeundam,  quam 
meretur 4  robur 5  meum.  Tertiam  vindicat  sibi 8  egregius 
labor  meus.  Quartam  qui  sibi  arrogare  voluerit,7  is9 
sciat* se habiturum me inimlcum sibi" 10  Quid facerent " 
imbecilles  bestiae,  aut  quae  sibi  leonem  infestum  habere 
velleM" 


ANECDOTES. 

Anaxagoras. 

112.  Anaxagoram  ferunt,12  nuntiata3  morte  filii, 
dixisse :  " Sciebam  me  genuisse  mortalem" 1S 

Tholes. 

113.  Thales interrogates, quid esset 14  Deus, "  Quod" 
inquit,  "  initio "  etfine  caret" 

1 14.  Thales  interrogatus,  quid  esset  difficile,16  "  Se 
ipsum"  inquit,  "  nosse."  "  Interrogatus,  quid  esset  facile : 
" Alterum"  inquit,  uadmonere" 

115.  Thales  rogatus,  quid  maxime  commune  esset 
hominibus,18  "  Sj?es"  respondit,  "  hanc  enim  et  illi  ha- 
bent,  qui  aliud  nihil." 

116.  Quum  Thales  interrogaretur,19  quid  esset  om- 
nium vetustissimum,  respondit :  "  Deus,  quod  nunquam 
esse  eoepit." 30 


1  463,  II. 

8  451. 

15  419,  m. 

3  431,  2,(1). 

9  487. 

16  163,  2. 

3  297,  H. 

10  391. 

17  234,  2. 

4  225. 

11  485 ;  486,  II. 

18  391. 

6 77,  IV. 

15  292. 

19  518,  IL 

8  384,  II. ;  449, 

I. 

13  357,  I.   • 

90  297. 

7  485. 

14  525. 

46  LATIN    READER. 

Socrates. 

117.  Socrates,  in  pompa,  quum  magna  vis  auri  ar- 
gentlque  ferretur,1  "  Quam  multa  non  desidero"  inquit. 

118.  Sapientissimus  Socrates  dicebat,3  scire se*  nihil, 
praeter  hoc  ipsum,  quod  nihil  sciret :  *  reliquos  hoc  etiam 
nescire. 

Scipio  Africanu8. 

119.  Scipio  Africanus  nunquam  ad  negotia  publica 
aceedebat,  antequam  in  templo  Jovis 6  precatus  esset.* 

120.  Scipio  Africanus  Ennii  poetae  imaginem7  in 
sepulcro  gentis  Corneliae  collocari  jussit,8  quod  Seipionum 
res  gestas  carminibus  suis  illustraverat.9 

Antigonw  and  the  Cynic. 

121.  Ab  Antigono  Cynicus  quidam  petiit 10  talentum. 
Bespondit,u^w5ia  esse,  quam  quod13  Cynicus  peter e  de- 
beret.*  Repulsus  petiit  denarium.  Kespoudit  rex,  <mi~ 
9ius"  esse  quam  quod 18  regem  deceret  dare.1* 

Cicero. 

122.  Cicero  Dolabellae 16  dicenti,  se  10  triginta  annos 
habere,17  u  Verum  est"  inquit,  " nam  hoc  jam  ante 
viginti  annos  audivi" 

The  Lacedaemonians. 

123.  Lacedaemonii,  Philippo  minitante "  per  litte- 
ras,  se  omnia  quae  conarentur ,B  prohibiturum,ao  quaesi- 
verunt,  num  se  esset 31  etiam  mori  prohibiturus. 


1 518,  n. 

8  471,  II. 

16  384. 

*  469,  II. 

"472. 

16  645. 

3  545. 

10  234. 

"  551,  L 

4  531. 

11  460,  2. 

"  431,  2,(1). 

6  66,  8. 

13  165. 

10  531. 

6  523,  II.  2. 

■  371 ;  445,  6. 

80  545,  3. 

7  72,  3. 

M  549. 

81  525. 

ANECDOTES.  47 

124.  Leomdas,  Lacedaemoniorum  rex,  quum  Xerxes 
scripsisset,1  "Jfitte  arma;"  respondit,  "  Veniet  cape" 

125.  Qimm  ad  Leonidam  quidam  militum a  dixisset,1 
"  Hostes  sunt  grope  nos  ;  "  "  Et  nos" 3  inquit,  "prqpe 
illosP 

126.  E  Lacedaemoniis 4  unus,  quum  Perses  hostis  in 
colloquio  dixisset '  glorians,  "  Solem 6  prae  jaculorum 
multitudine 8  et  sagittarum  non  videbitis,"  "  In  umbra 
igltur"  inquit,  "  jpugnabimus." 

127.  Lacedaemonius  quidam  quum  rideretur,1  quod 
claudus  in  pugnam  iret,7  "  At  mihi"  inquit,  "  pugnare* 
nonfugere  est  proposititm." 

Solon. 

128.  Solon  quum  interrogaretur,1  cur  nullum  sup- 
plicium  constituisset 8  in  eum,  qui  parentem  necasset,10 
respondit,  se  id  neminem  facturum  "  putasse™ 

Theophrastus,  the  Philosopher. 

129.  Theophrastus    ad  quendam,  qui    in  convivio 

prorsus  silebat ;  "  Si  stultus  es"  inquit,  "  remfacis  sapi- 
entem  ;  si  sapiens,  stultamP 

Theocritus,  the  Poet. 

130.  Miser  poeta  praelegerat  Theocrito  13  versus  suos. 
Turn  interrogabat,1*  quosnam  maxime  approbaret,9 
"  Quos 15  omisisti"  respondit. 


1  518,  II. 

6  72,  2. 

11  545,  3. 

2  396,  III. 

7  520,  II. 

12  234. 

3  367,  3. 

8  549. 

13  386,  1. 

4  398,  4,  2). 

°525;  481, 

II. 

14  460,  2. 

6  112;  7*. 

10  500,  2 ;  234. 

15  445,  6. 

'18  LATIN   KEADEE. 

Cornelia. 

131.  Cornelia,  Gracchorum  mater,  quum  CampSna 
matron  a,  apud  illam  hospita,1  ornamenta  sua  pulcher- 
rima,8  ipsi  ostenderet,3  traxit  earn  sermone,4  donee  e 
schola  redlrent "  liberi.  Turn,  "  Et  haec"  inquit,  "  mea 
sunt  ornamenta? 

Themistocles. 

132.  Memoriam  in  Themistocle  fuisse  singularem 
ferant.  Itaque  quum  ei  Simonides  artem  memoriae  pol- 
liceretur,3  "  Oblivionis"  6  inquit,  "  mallem  / 7  nam  me- 
mmi  etiam,  quae0  nolo;  oblivisci  non  possum,  quae 
volo" 

133.  Themistocles  quum  consuleretur,8  utrum  bono 
viro  pauperi,  an  minus  probato  diviti  filiam  collocaret," 
" Ego  vero"  inquit,  " malo  virum,  qui  jpecunid  10  egeat" 
quam  pecuniam,  quae  viro? 

134.  Themistocles  interroganti,18  utrum  Achilles  " 
esse  mallet,1*  an  Homerus,  respondit :  "  Tu  vero  mat- 
lesne  "  te  in  Olympico  certamine  victorem 16  renuntidri, 
anpraeco  13  esse,  qui  victorum  nomina  "  jprocldmat" 

Diogenes,  the  Cynic. 

135.  Diogenes  Cynicus  My ndum 18  profectus,  quum 
videret 3  magnif  icas  19  portas  et  urbem  exiguam,  Myn- 
dios  monuit,  ut  portas  clauderent,80  ne  urbs  egrederetur.80 

363.  8445,6.  ,6  846,  II.  1, 1);  485. 

3  163,1.  "525:  526,  II.  1.       M  546. 

•  518,  II.  ,0  419,  m.  "  76,  1. 

4  414,  4.  u  501,  I.  ,e  379. 

6  295,  3  ;  522,  II.        ■  575 ;  884.  w  164. 
8  397,  1,  (3).                 »  547,  1.                      a0  489. 

7  485,  486,  3.  "  525. 


ANECDOTES.  49 

Thrasylulus. 

136.  Quum  quidam  Thrasybulo,  qui  civitatem  Athe- 
niensium  a  tyrannorum  dominatione  liberavit,  dbrisset : ' 
"  Quantas  tibi  gratias  Aihenae  debent !  "  ille  respondit : 
"  Diifaciant?  ut  quantas  ipse  patriae  debeo  gratias,  tan- 
ias  ei videar 3  retulisse" 

Xerxes. 

137.  Xerxes  refertus  donis4  fortiinae,  non  equitatu,* 
non  pedestrians  copiis,  non  navium  multitudine,  non  in- 
finito  pondere e  auri  contentus,  praemium  ei  proposuit, 
qui  invenisset T  novam  voluptatem. 

Metellus  Pius. 

138.  Metellus  Pius,  in  Hispania  bellum  gerens8  in- 
terrogans, quid  postero  die 9  facturus  esset  ? 10  "  1  unlearn 
meam,"  inquit,  " si  id "  elbqui posset,  combureremP  13 

Publius  Eutilius  Rufus. 

139.  Publius  Eutilius  Pufus  quum  amici  cujusdam 
injustae  rogationi 13  resisteret,1  atque  is  per  summam  u 
indignationem  dixisset,  "  Quid  ergo  mihi 1B  opus  est  ami- 
citia  "  tua,  si,  quod  18  rogo,  non  facis  ? "  "  fmmo,"  in- 
quit,  "  quid  mihi  tua,  si  propter  te  aliquid  injuste 
facturus  sum  f  " 

Philip. 

140.  Mulier  quaedam  a  Philippo,  quum  a  convivio 


1  518,  II. 

7  500,  2. 

12  510,  1. 

2  487. 

8  578,  I. 

13  385. 

3  492,  1  ;  549,  4. 

9  426. 

14  163,  3. 

4  419,  m. 

10  545. 

15  419,  3. 

6  419,  IV. 

11  371. 

16  445,  6. 

6  84,  1. 

50  LATIN   READEK. 

temulentus  recederet,1  damnata,  "  A  Philippo"  inquit, 
"  temulento  ad  jPhilippum  sobrium  provoco." 

Titus. 

141.  Titus  amor  et  deliciae  generis  humani  appella- 
tus  est.  Recordatus  quondam  super  coenam,  quod  nihil 
cuiquam  toto a  die  *  praestitisset,*  memorabflem  illam 
meritoque  laudatam  vocem  edidit :  "  Amid,  diem 
pera%di" 

Xenophon. 

142.  Xenophon,  quum  solemne  sacrum  faceret,1 
filium  apud  Mantineam  in  proelio  cecidisse 6  cognovit. 
Coronam  deposuit,  sed,  ut  audlvit  fortissime  pugnantem 
interiisse,8  coronam  capiti T  reposuit,  numina  testatus,  se8 
majorem  ex  virtute  filii  voluptatem,  quam  ex  morte 
dolorem  sentlre. 

Diagoras,  the  Rhodian. 

143.  Diagoras  Rhodius,  quum  tres  ejus  filii  in  ludis 
Olympicis  victores  renuntiati  essent,1  tan  to  affectus  est 
gaudio,0  ut  in  ipso  stadio,  inspectante  populo/0  in  filiOrum 
manibus  "  animam  redderet.13 

Euripides,  the  Tragic  Poet. 

144.  Athenienses  quondam  ab  Euripide  postulabant, 
ut  ex  tragoedia  sententiam  quandam  tolieret."  Ille 
autem  in  scenam  progressus  dixit,  se  fabiilas  componeit 
solere,14  ut  popiilum  doceret,16  non  ut  a  popiilo  disceret. 


1  518,  II. 

6  295,  3. 

»  118,  1,  CI). 

a  151. 

■  384,  II. 

12  494. 

'426. 

6  545. 

■  492,  3. 

4  554,  rv. 

9  414,  4. 

"  272,  3. 

•  651,  I. 

10  431;  431, 

2,  (1). 

18  491. 

ANECDOTES.  51 

Tiberius,  the  Roman  Emperor. 

145.  Tiberius  praesidibus '  onerandas  tributo'pro- 
vincias 3  suadentibus 4  rescripsit :  "  Boni  pastoris 6  est, 
tondere*  pecus,  non  deglubere" 

146.  Tiberius,  Iliensium  legatis 7  paulo 8  serius '  de 
morte  fllii  Drusi  consolantibus,  irrldens,  se  quoque,  re-*, 
spondit,  vicem 10  eorum  dolerey  quod  egregium  civem  Hee- 
torem  "  amisissent.12  Effluxerant  autem  turn  plus  quam 
mille  "  anni  a  morte  Hectoris. 

Simonides. 

147.  Quum  de  Simonide 14  quaesivisset 16  tyrannus 
Hiero,  quid  esset lfl  Deus ;  deliberandi  "  sibi  unum  diem 
postulavit.  Quum  idem18  ex  eo  postridie  quaereret,16 
biduum  petivit.  Quum  saepius  duplicaret  numerum 
dierum,  admiransque  Hiero  requireret,  cur  ita  faceret 16 ; 
"  Quia"  inquit,  " quanto 19  diutius  considero,  tanto mihi 
res  videtur  obscurior" 


1  384 ;  81,  2. 

8  418.                           M  374,  3,  4). 

2  419,  2,  1). 

9  444,  1  &  4.                 *  518,  II. 

3  545. 

10  133,  1;  371,  3,  1).    »  525. 

4  577. 

u  363.                            "  563. 

6  401. 

Vi  531.                            M  371. 

6  549. 

13  178.                           19  418. 

7  431,  2,  (1). 

ROMAN    HISTORY. 

Note. — It  is  recommended  that,  in  reading  the  Roman  History,  special 
attention  should  be  given  to  the  Synopsis  of  Conjugation  and  to  the  For- 
mation of  the  Parts  of  the  Verb.— 213-288. 

Period  I. — Italian  and  Roman  Kings. 

FROM    THE   EARLIEST   TIMES   TO   THE   BANISHMENT   OP   TARQOTN,    510   B.  C. 

Early  Italian  Kings. — Aeneas  in  Italy. 

148.  Antiquissimis1  temporibus"  Saturnus  in  Italiam 
venisse  dicitur.8  Ibi  haud  procul  a  Janiciilo  arcem  con- 
didit,  eamque  Saturniam4  appellavit.  Hie  Italos  primus5 
agriculturam 8  docuit.7 

149.  Postea  Latinus  in  illis  regionibus  imperfivit. 
Sub  hoc  rege  Troja  in  Asia  eversa  est.  Hinc  Aeneas, 
Anchlsae  films,  cum  multis  Trojanis,  quibus8  ferrum 
Graecorum  pepercerat,9  aufugit,10  et  in  Italiam  perve- 
nit.10  Ibi  Latlnus  rex  ei11  benigne  recepto  filiam  Lavi- 
niam  in  matrimonium  dedit.9  Aeneas  urbem  condidit, 
quam  in  honorem  conjugis 19  Lavinium  appellavit. 

Ascanius  and  the  Kings  of  Alba. 

150.  Post  Aeneae  mortem  Ascanius,  Aeneae  filial, 
regnum   accepit.       Hie  sedem   regni  in   alium  locum 


1  444,  1. 

6  442,  1. 

9  273,  I.  '2. 

5  426. 

6  374. 

10  273,  II.  1. 

•  B49,  4. 

7  213,  II. 

11  384,  II. 

4  373. 

8  385. 

»  li,'. 

ROMAN   HISTORY.  53 

transtiilit,1  urbemque  condidit  in  monte 2  Albano,  earn- 
que  Albam  Longam  nuncupavit.  Eum  secutus  est 3 
Silvius,  qui  post  Aeneae  mortem  a  Lavinia  gemtus  erat. 
Ejus  posteri  omnes,  usque  ad  Komam  conditam,4  Albae 6 
regnaverunt. 

151.  Silvius  Procas,  rex  Albanorum,  duos  filios  reli- 
quit,6  Numitorem  et  Amuiium.  Horum  minor 7  natu,8 
Amulius,  fratri  optionem  dedit,  utrum  regnum  habere 
veil  et,9  an  bona,10  quae  pater  reliquisset.11  Numitor  pa- 
tern  a  bona  praetiilit ; 1  Amulius  regnum  obtinuit. 

Birth  of  Romulus  and  Remus. 

152.  Amulius,  ut  regnum  firmissime  possideret,13 
Numitoris  filium  per  insidias  interemit,13  et  filiam  fra~ 
tris,  Bheam  Silviam,  Vestalem  virginem  fecit.13  Nam 
his  Yestae  sacerdotibus  non  licet  viro  u  nubere.  Sed 
haec  a  Marte  geminos  filios,  Romiilum  et  Remum,  pepe- 
rit.15  Hoc  quum  Amulius  comperisset,16  matrem  in 
vineiila  conjecit,  pueros  autem  in  Tiberim 17  abjici 
jussit.18 

153.  Forte  Tiberis  aqua  ultra  ripam  se  effuderat,6 
et,  quum  pueri  in  vado  essent  positi,19  aqua  refluens20  eos 
in  sicco  reliquit.  Ad  eorum  vagltum  lupa  accurrit,21 
eosque  uberibus  suis  aluit.  Quod22  videns  Faustiilus 
quidam,  pastor  illlus  regionis,  pueros  sustiilit,1  et  uxori 
Accae  Laurentiae  nutriendos 23  declit. 


1  292,  2. 

9  525. 

17  62,  II.  2. 

2  110,  1. 

J0  441,  1. 

18  269. 

3  283. 

11  527. 

19  518,  I. 

4  580. 

12  491. 

20  578,  II. 

6  421,  n. 

13  214,  I. 

21  255,  I.  4. 

8  273,  II.  1. 

14  385,  2. 

22  453. 

T  165. 

15  273,  I.  1. 

23  578,  V. 

8  429 

18  518,  II. 

54  LATIN   READER. 

Rome  founded,  753  B.  C. 

154,  Sic  Romulus  et  Remus  pueritiam  inter  pastures 
transegerunt.1  Quum  adolevissent,3  et  forte  comperis- 
sent,  quis  ipsorurn  avus,  quae  mater  fuisset,'  Amulium 
interfecerunt,  et  Numitori  avo  regnum  restitueruiit. 
Turn  urbem  condiderunt  in  monte  AventTno,  quam  Ro- 
mulus a  suo  nomine  Romam  vocavit.  Haec  quum  moe- 
nibus  *  circumdaretur,3  Remus  occlsus  est,  dum  fratrem 
irrldens  moenia  transiliebat. 

Seizure  of  the  Sabine  Women. 

/±55.  Romulus,  ut  civium  numerum  augeret,*  asylum 
patefecit,'  ad  quod  multi  ex  civitatibus  suis  pulsi  accur- 
rerunt.  Sed  novae  urbis  civibus7  conjuges  deerant. 
Itaque  festum  Nepttini  et  ludos  instituit.  Ad  hos  quum 
multi8  ex  finitimis  popiilis  cum  mulieribus  et  liberis 
venissent,3  Romani  inter  ipsos  ludos  spectantes 8  virgines 
rapuerunt. 

156.  Populi  illi,  quorum  virgines  raptae  erant,  bel- 
lum  adversus  raptures  susceperunt.  Quum  Romae 10  ap- 
propinquarent,3  forte  in  Tarpeiam  virgmem  inciderunt, 
quae  in  arce  sacra  procurabat.  Hanc  rogabant,  ut  viam 
in  arcem  monstraret,11  elque  permiserunt,  ut  munus  sibi 
posceret.13  Ilia  petiit,  ut  sibi  darent,11  quod  w  in  sinist  ria 
manibus  M  gererent,16  anniilos  aureos  et  armillas  signifi- 
cans.  At  liostes  in  arcem  ab  ea  perducti  scutis  Tarpeiam 
obruerunt ;  nam  et  ea  in  sinistris  manibus  gerebant. 


1  255,  II. 

8  273,  II.  1. 

11  492,  2. 

a  518,  IL 

7  386,  2. 

»  273,  I.  2. 

8  525. 

8  441,  1. 

13  145,  6. 

4  131,  1 ;  414. 

•  578,  I. 

M  118,  1. 

•269;   491. 

10  386. 

»  527. 

ROMAN   HISTORY.  55 

The  Sdbines  are  received  into  the  City. — Death  of  Romulus. 

157.  Turn  Eomiilus  cum  hoste,  qui  montem  Tarpe- 
ium  tenebat,  pugnam  conseruit  in  eo  loco,  ubi  nunc 
forum  Eomanum  est.  In  media '  caede  raptae a  processe- 
runt,  et  hinc  patres,  liinc  conjiiges  et  soceros  complect  e- 
bantur,  et  rogabant,  ut  caedis  finem  facerent.8  Utrique 
his  precibus  commoti  sunt.  Eomiilus  foedus  icit,  et  Sa- 
binos  in  urbem  recepit. 

158.  Postea  civitatem  descripsit.4  Centum  senato- 
res  legit,6  eosqQe  quum  ob  aetatem,  turn  ob  reverentiam 
iis  debitam,  Patres  appellavit.  Plebem  in  triginta  curias 
distribuit,  easque  raptarum  nominibus  nuncupavit.  An- 
no regni  tricesimo  septimo,  quum  exercitum  lustraret,6 
inter  tempestatem  ortam 7  repente  oculis 8  hominum  sub- 
due tus  est.  Hinc  alii9  eum  a  senatoribus  interfectum, 
alii  ad  deos  subla  turn 10  esse  existimaverunt. 

Numa  Pompilius. 

159.  Post  Eomiili  mortem  unius  anni  interregnum 
fuit.  Quo  elapso,11  JSTuma  Pompilius  Curibus,13  urbe  in 
agro  Sabinorum,  natus  rex  creatus  est.  Hie  vir  bellum 
quidem  nullum  gessit ;  nee  minus  tamen  civitati 8  profuit. 
Kara  et  leges  dedit,  et  sacra  plurima  instituit,  ut  populi 
barbari  et  bellicosi  mores  molliret.13  Omnia  autem, 
quae  faciebat,  se  nymphae  Egeriae,  conjugis  suae,  mo- 
nitu  facere  dicebat.  Morbo  decessit,14  quadragesimo 
tertio  imperii  anno. 


1  441,  6. 

6  518,  II. 

11  431,  2. 

3  575. 

7  577. 

12  421,  II. 

3  492,  2. 

8  386. 

13  491. 

4  258,  I.  3. 

"459. 

M  258,  I.  2. 

1  255,  II. 

■  292,  2. 

56  LATIN  READER. 


Tullu8  Hostillus. 

160.  JSumae1  successit  Tullus  Hostilius,  cujus  avus 
se  in  bello  adversus  Sablnos  fortem  et  strenuum  virum 
praestiterat.8  Rex8  creatus  bellum  Albania  indixit,  id- 
que  trigeminorum,  Horatiorum  et  Curiatiorum,  certa- 
mine  finlvit.  Albam  propter  perfidiam  Metii  Suffetii 
diruit.  Quum  triginta  duobus  annis  *  regnasset,6  fulmine 
ictus  cum  domo  sua  arsit." 

Ancus  Marcius. 

161.  Post  hunc  Ancus  Marcius,  JSuuiae  ex  filia  ne- 
pos,  suscepit  imperium.  Hie  vir  aequitate  et  religione 
avo 7  simflis,  Latinos  bello  domuit,8  urbem  ampliavit,  et 
nova  ei 9  moenia  circumdedit.  Carcerem  primus 10  aedi- 
ficavit.  Ad  Tiberis  ostia  urbem  condidit,  Ostiamque 
vocavit.     Yicesimo  quarto  anno  imperii  morbo  obiit.11 

Lucius  Tarquinius  Priscus. 

162.  Deinde  regnum  Lucius  Tarquinius  Priscus  ac- 
cepit,  Demarati  filius,  qui  tyrannos  patriae  Corinthi  fu- 
giens  in  Etruriam  venerat.  Ipse  Tarquinius,  qui  nomen 
ab  urbe  Tarquiniis  accepit,  aliquando  Romam  ia  profec- 
tus13  erat. 

163.  Quum  Romae M  commoraretur,6  Anci  regis 
familiaritatem  consecutus  est,  qui  eum  tiliurum  suorura 
tutorem 16  rellquit.  Sed  is  pupillis  ■  regnum  intercepit. 
Senatoribus,  quos  Romulus  creaverat,  centum  alios  ad 


1  386. 

•269. 

"  295,  3. 

3  261,  2. 

7  3.91. 

»:;: 

"  862,  3. 

8  260. 

■  283. 

4  878,  1. 

8  384,  II.  1. 

"  MX,  II. 

1  518,  II. 

10  442,  1. 

»  3V3. 

ROMAN   HISTORY.  57 

didit,  qui  minorum  gentium  sunt  appellati.  Plura  bella 
feliciter  gessit,  nee  paucos  agros,  hostibus1  ademptos, 
urbis  territorio  adjunxit.  Primus2  triumphans  urbem 
intravit.  Cloacas  fecit;3  Capitolium  inehoavit.  Tri- 
cesimo  octavo  imperii  anno  per  Anci  filios,4  quibus 6  reg- 
num  eripuerat,  occlsus  est. 

Servius  Tullius. 

164.  Post  liunc  Servius  Tullius  suscepit  imperium, 
genitus  ex  nobili  femma,  captlva  tamen  et  famula. 
Quum  adolevisset,6  rex  ei  flliam  in  matrimonium  dedit. 

165.  Quum  Priscus  Tarquinius  occlsus  esset,  Tana- 
quil  de  superiore 7  parte  domus  popiilum  allociita  est, 
dicens:  regem  grave  quidem,  sed  non  letale  vulnus  ae- 
cepisse ;  eum  petere,  ut  populus,  dum  convaluisset*  Ser- 
vio  Tullio  obedlreV  Sic  Servius  regnare  coepit,  sed 
bene  imperium  administravit.  Montes  tres  urbi 
adjunxit.1*  Primus  omnium  censum  ordinavit.  Sub  eo 
Koma  babuit  octoginta  tria  millia  civium  cum  his,  qui 
in  agris  erant. 

166.  Hie  rex  interfectus  est  scelere  filiae  Tulliae  et 
Tarquinii  Superbi,  filii  ejus  regis,  cui l  Servius  successe- 
rat.  Nam  ab  ipso  Tarquinio  interfectus  est.  Tullia  in 
forum  properavit,  et  prima  conjiigem  regem  salutavit. 
Quum  domum  "  rediret,  aurlgam  super  patris  corpus,  in 
via  jacens,12  carpentum  agere  jussit. 

Banishment  of  Tarquinius  Superlus,  510  B.  C. 

167.  Tarquinius  Superbus  cognomen  moribus13  me- 
rait.     Bello l4  tamen  strenuus  plures  finitimorum  popu- 


'386. 

6  518,  II. 

11  379,  3. 

2  442,  1. 

7  163,  8. 

12  511. 

3  255,  II. 

8  533,  4. 

18  414,  4. 

■  414,  5,  1). 

0  492,  2. 

14  429. 

•  .°>86,  2. 

10  258,  I.  1. 

58  LATIN   READER. 

lorum  vicit.1  Templum  Jovis  in  Capitolio  aedificavit* 
Postea,  dum  Ardeam  oppugnabat,9  urbem  Latii,  impe- 
rium  perdidit. 

168.  Lucius  Brutus,  Collatmus,  alilque  nonnulli  in 
exitium  regis  conjurarunt,3  populoque  persuaserunt,4  ut 
ei  portas  urbis  clauderet.6  Exercitus  quoque,  qui  civita- 
tem  Ardeam  cum  rege  oppugnabat,  eum  rellquit.  Fugit 
itaque  cum  uxore  et  liberis  suis.  Ita  Romae  septem  re- 
ges  regnaverunt  annos  ducentos  quadraginta  quattuor. 


Period  II. — Roman  Struggles  and  Conquests. 

/ROM   THE  ESTABLISHMENT  OF  THE   COMMONWEALTH   TO  THE   FIRST  PUNIC  WAR, 

264  B.  C. 


Consuls  at  Rome,  509  B.  C. —  War  with  Tarquin. 

169.  Tarquinio  expulso,6  consules  coepere7  pro  uno 
rege  duo  creari,  ut,  si  unus  malus  esset,8  alter  eum  coer- 
ceret.9  Annuum  iis  imperium  tribtitum  est,  ne  per 
diuturnitiltem  potestatis  insolentiores  redderentur.8  Fue- 
runt  igitur  anno  primo,  expulsis  regibus,  consules  Lucius 
Junius  Brutus,  acerrimus ,0  libertatis  vindex,  et  Tarqui- 
nius  Collatlnus.  Sed  Collatino11  paulo  post  dignitaa 
sublata  est.ia  Placuerat  enim,  ne  quis  ex  TarquiniOrum 
familia  Eomae  maneret.13  Ergo  cum  omni  patrimonio 
suo  ex  urbe  raigravit,  et  in  ejus  locum  Valerius  Publi- 
cola  consul  factus  est.14 


1  251,  1. 

6  431,  2. 

11  886. 

a468. 

7  235,  297. 

■  292,  2. 

3  234. 

8  509. 

13  492. 

*  269,  I. 

9  491. 

"  294. 

1  492,  2. 

10  163,  1. 

ROMAN   HISTORY.  59 

170.  Commovit1  bellum  urbi  rex  Tarquinius.  In 
prima  pugna  Brutus  consul,  et  Aruns,  Tarquinii  films, 
sese  invicem  occiderunt.  Romani  tamen  ex  ea  pugna 
victores  recesserunt.3  Brut  urn  Romanae  matron  ae,  quasi 
communem  patrem,  per  annum  luxerunt.1  Yalerius 
Publicola  Spurium  Lucretium,  collegam3  sibi4  fecit; 
quum  morbo  exstinctus  esset,5  Publicola  Horatium  Pul- 
villum  sibi  collegam  simrpsit.8  Ita  primus  annus  quin- 
que  consules  liabuit. 

War  with  Porsena,  508  B.  0. 

171.  Secundo  quoque  anno  iterum  Tarquinius  bel- 
lum Romanis  intiilit,7  Porsena,  rege  Etruscorum,  auxi- 
lium  ei  ferente.8  In  illo  bello  Horatius  Codes  solus 
pontem  ligneum  defendit,  et  hostes-cohibuit,  donee  pons* 
a  tergo  ruptus  esset.10  Turn  se  cum  armis  in  Tiberim  " 
conjecit,  et  ad  suos  transnavit. 

1 72.  Dum  Porsena  urbem  obsidebat,  Quintus  Mu- 
cius  Scaevola,  juvenis  fortis  animi,  in  castra  liostium  se 
contiilit  eo  consilio,12  ut  regem  occideret.13  At  ibi  scri- 
bam  regis  pro  ipso  rege  interfecit.  Turn  a  regiis  satel- 
litibus  comprehensus  et  ad  .  regem  deductus,  quum 
Porsena  eum  ignibus  allatis14  terreret,15  dextram  arae 
accensae  imposuit,  donee  flammis  consumpta  esset.10 
Hoc  facinus  rex  miratus  juvenem  dimisit 1G  incoliimem. 
Turn  hie,  quasi  beneficium  referens,  ait,17  trecentos  alios 
juvenes  in  eum  conjurasse.16    Hac  re  territus  Porsena 


1  270,  II.  1 

7  292,  2. 

13  492. 

5  258,  I.  2. 

8  431,  2. 

14  580. 

8  373. 

9  110,  1. 

15  518,  II. 

4  384. 

10  522,  II. 

J6  258, 1.  2. 

6  518,  II.; 

2Y3, 

II.  1. 

"  62,  II.  2. 

17  297,  n. 

6  258,  I.  4. 

12  414,  2. 

18  234. 

60  LATIN  HEADER. 

pacem  cumRomanis  fecit,  Tarquinius  autem  Tusciilum1 
se  contulit,  iblque  privatus  consenuit.2 

Secession  to  the  Moris  Sacer,  494  B.  C. 

173.  Sexto  decimo  anno  post  reges  exactos,'  popiiliis 
jRomae  seditionem  fecit,  questus  quod  tributis  et  militia 
a  senatu  exhauriretur.4  Magna  pars  plebis  urbem  rell- 
qnit,  et  in  montem  trans  Anienem 6  ainnem6  secessit. 
Turn  patres  turbati  Menenium  Agrippam  miserunt  ad 
plebem,  qui  earn  senatui  conciliaret.7  Hie  iis  inter  alia 
fabiilam  narravit  de  ventre  et  membris  humani  corporis ; 
qua  popiilus  commotus  est,  nt  in  urbem  redlret.8  Turn 
primum  tribuni  plebis  creati  sunt,  qui  plebem  advei*sum 
nobilitatis  superbiam  defenderent.7 

Banishment  of  Coriolanus,  491  B.  C. 

174.  Undevicesimo  anno  post  exactos  reges,  Cains 
Marcius,  Coriolanus  dictus  ab  urbe  Yolscorum  Coriolis, 
quam  bello  ceperat,  plebi  invlsus8  fieri  coepit.  Quare 
urbe  10  expulsus  ad  Yolscos,  acemmos  Eomanurum  hos- 
tes,  contendit,  et  ab  iis  dux "  exercitus  factus  Romanos 
saepe  vicit.  Jam  usque  ad  quintum  milliarium  urbis 
accesserat,  nee  ullis  civium  suorum  legationibus  flecti 
poterat,  ut  patriae  ia  parceret.8  Denique  Veturia  mater 
et  Yolumnia  uxor  ex  urbe  ad  eum  venerunt;1'  qua  rum 
fletu  et  precibus  commotus  est,  ut  exercitum  removeret1 
Quo  facto 14  a  Yolscis  ut  proditor  occlsus 9  esse  dicitur. 


'379. 

6  107,  1. 

"  862,  3. 

2  282,  I.  1. 

'500. 

13  386. 

3  580. 

8  494. 

M  463,  II. 

4  620,  II. 

9  647,  1. 

14  431,  2,  (8). 

6  72,  4. 

10  4  -1 5. 

ROMAN   HISTOET.  61 


The  Falii  cut  off  at  the  Cremera,  477  B.  G. 

175.  Romani  quum  adversum  Veientes  bellum  ge- 
rerent,1  familia  Fabiorum  solaa  hoc  bellum  suseepit. 
Profecti '  sunt  trecenti  sex  nobilissimi  homines,  duce 4 
Fabio  consiile.5  Quum  saepe  hostes  vicissent,1  apud 
Cremeram  fluvium  castra  posuerunt.  Ibi,  quum  Yeien- 
tes dolo  •  usi  eos  in  insidias  pellexissent,  in  proelio  exorto 7 
omnes  perierunt.  Unus  superfuit  ex  tanta  familia,  qui 
propter  aetatem  puerllem  duci  non  potuerat  ad  pugnam. 
Hie  genus  propagavit  ad  Quintum  Fabium  Maximum 
ilium,  qui  Hannibal  em  prudenti  cunetatione  debilitavit. 

Rome  taken  oy  the  Gauls,  390  B.  G. 

176.  Galli  Senones  ad  urbem  venerunt,  Romanos 
apud  flumen  Alliam  vicerunt,  et  urbem  etiam  occupa- 
runt.  Jam  nihil  praeter  Capitolium  defendi  potuit.  Et 
jam  praesidium  fame  8  laborabat,  et  in  eo  erant,  ut  pa- 
cem  a  Gallis  auro 9  emerent,10  quum  Camillus  cum  manu 
militum  superveniens  hostes  magno  proelio  superavit. 

Valor  of  Titus  Manlius  Torquatus,  3G1  B.  G. 

177.  Anno  trecentesimo  nonagesimo  tertio  post  ur- 
bem conditam  Galli  iterum  ad  urbem  accesserant,  et 
quarto  milliario  M  trans  Anienem  fluvium  consederant. 
Contra  eos  missus  est  Titus  Quinctius.  Ibi  Gallus  qui- 
dam  eximia  corporis  magnitudme  12  fortissimum  Romano- 
rum  ad  certamen  singulare  provocavit.     Titus  Manlius, 


1  518,  II. 

5  363. 

°416. 

2  151. 

6  419, 1. 

10  494. 

3  283. 

7  577. 

11  422,  1,  2). 

4  430,  431. 

8  414,  2. 

■  428. 

62  LATIN   EEADEE. 

nobilissimus  juvenis,  provocationem  accepit,  Galium 
occldit,  eumque  torque  ■  aureo  spoliavit,  quo  ornatus 
erat.  Hinc  et  ipse  et  posteri  ejus  Torqudti  appellati 
sunt.     Galli  fugam  capessiverunt.8 

Beginning  of  Samnite  Wars,  343  B.  C. 

178.  Postea  Romani  bellum  gesserunt8  cum  Samni- 
tibus,  ad  quod  Lucius  Papirius  Cursor  cum  honore  dic- 
tatoris  profectus  est.  Qui  *  quum  negotii  cujusdam  causa 
Romam  redlret,5  praecepit  Quinto  Fabio  Rulliano,  ma- 
gistro  equitum,  quern  apud  exercitum  reliquit,  ne  pug- 
nam  cum  hoste  committeret.6  Sed  ille  occasionem 
nactus7  felicissime  dimicavit,  Samnites  delevit.  Ob 
banc  rem  a  dictatore  capitis8  damnatus  est.  At  ille  in 
urbem  confugit,9  et  ingenti  favore 10  militum  et  popiili 
liberatus  est;  in  Papirium  autem  tanta  exorta11  est 
seditio,  ut  paene  ipse  interficeretur.18 

The  Roman  Army  is  made  to  pass  under  the  yoke,  321  B.  C—  The 
Samnites  are  conquered,  290  B.  C. 

179,  Duubus  annis1*  post  Titus  Yeturius  et  Spurius 
Postumius  consules  bellum  adversum  Samnites  gerebant. 
Hi  a  Pontio  Theleslno,  duce  hostium,  in  insidias  inducti 
sunt.  Nam  ad  Turculas  Caudmas  Romanos  pellexit u  in 
angustias,  unde  sese  expedlre  non  poterant.  Ibi  Pontius 
patrem  suum  Herennium  rogavit,  quid  faciendum ,6  pu- 
taret.18     Ille  respondit,  aut  omnes  occidendos  esse,  vi 


1  419,  2,1). 

7  283. 

B494. 

3  332,  I.  2). 

8  410,  2. 

"  418. 

8  272, 1. 

9  273,  II. 

u  272,  I.  2. 

4  453. 

10  414,  4. 

16  545,  3. 

6  518,  II. 

"  288,  2. 

"374,4;  525. 

«  492,  2. 

ROMAN  HISTORY.  63 

Romanorum  vires  f  ranger entur  J  aut  omnes  dimittendos, 
ut  beneficio  dbligarentur.  Pontius  utrumque a  consilium 
improbavit,  omnesque  sub  jugum  misit.  Samnites 
denique  post  bellutn  undequinquaginta  annorum  supe- 
rati  sunt. 

War  with  Pyrrhus,  281  B.  0. 

180.  Devictis  Samnitibus,3  Tarentlnis  bellum  indic- 
ium est,  quia  legatis  Pomanorum  injuriam  fecissent.4 
Hi  Pyrrbum,  Eplri  regem,  contra  Pomanos  auxilium 
poposcerunt.5  Is  mox  in  Italiam  venit,  tumque  primum 
Pomani  cum  transmarino  boste  pugnaverunt.  Missus 
est  contra  eum  consul  Publius  Valerius  Laevlnus.  Hie, 
quum  exploratores  Pyrrbi  cepisset,6  jussit  eos  per  castra 
duci,  tumque  dimitti,  ut  renuntiarent !  Pyrrbo,  quaecun- 
aue 7  a  Pomanis  agerentur.8 

181.  Pugna  commissa,3  Pyrrbus  auxilio  elepbanto- 
rum  vicit.  Nox  proelio  finem  dedit.  Laevlnus  tamen 
per  noctem  fugit.  Pyrrbus  Pomanos  mille  octingentos 
cepit,  eosque  summo9  bonore10  tractavit.  Quum  eos, 
qui  in  proelio  interfecti  erant,  omnes  adversis  vulneribua 
et  truci  vultu  etiam  mortuos  jacere  videret,6  tulisse  ad 
coelum  manus  dicitur  cum  bac  voce :  "  Ego  cum  talibus 
m'ris11  brevi  orbem"  terrdrum  subigerem"  u 

182.  Postea  Pyrrhus  Pomam  perrexit ;  omnia  ferro 
igneque  vastavit ;  Campaniam  depopulatus  est,  atque  ad 
Praeneste13  venit,  milliario14  ab  urbe  octavo  decimo. 
Mox  terrore  exercitus,16  qui  cum  consiile  sequebatur,  in 
Campaniam  se  recepit.      Legati  ad  Pyrrbum  de  captlvis 


U»l. 

6  518,  II. 

"503,  2,  2);  510. 

3  151,  4. 

7  445,  6. 

12  107,  2. 

3  431,  2,(1). 

8  527. 

13  379, 1. 

4  520,  II. 

9  163,  3. 

14  422,  1. 

6  273,  I.  2. 

10  414,  3. 

15  396,  II. 

t)4r  LATIN   READEPw. 

redimendis !  missi2  honorifice  ab  eo  suscepti  sunt ;  captl- 
vos  sine  pretio  reddidit.  Unum  ex  legatis,  Fabricium, 
sic  admiratus  est,  ut  ei  quartam  partem  regni  sui  pro- 
mitteret,3  si  ad  se  translret;4  sed  aFabricio  contemptus' 

est. 

183.  Quum  jam  Pyrrhus  ingenti  Romanorum  admi- 
ratione  teneretur,6  legatum  misit  Cineam,  praestantissi- 
mum  virum,  qui  pacem  peteret7  ea  conditione,  ut 
Pyrrhus  earn  partem  Italiae,  quam  armis  occupaverat, 
retineret.8  Romani  responderunt,  eum  cum  Romanis 
pacem  habere  non  posse,  nisi  ex  Italia  recessisset.9  Cineas 
quum  rediisset,  Pyrrho  eum  interroganti,  qualis  ipsi 
Roma  visa  esset, 10  respondit,  se  regum  jpatmam  vidisse." 

184,  In  altero  proelio  Pyrrhus  vulneratus  est,  ele- 
phanti  interfecti,  viginti  millia  hostium  caesa  sunt. 
Pyrrhus  Tarentum  fugit.  Interjecto  anno,  Fabricius 
contra  eum  missus  est.  Ad  hunc  medicus  Pyrrhi  nocte 
venit  promittens,  se  Pyri'hum  veneno  occisurum,19  si 
munus  sibi  daretur.4  Hunc  Fabricius  Tinctum  rediici 
jussit  ad  dominum.  Tunc  rex  admiratus  ilium  dixisse 
i'ertur  :  a  Hie  est  JPabricius,  qui  dijjicilius  ab  fionestdte, 
quam  sol  a  eursu  suo  averti  potest"  Paulo  post  Pyr- 
rhus, tertio  etiam  proelio  fusus,13  a  Tarento  recessit. 


'see, 

n.: 

;  580. 

•  618,  II. 

10  525. 

*611. 

7  600,  1. 

11  542,  1. 

'  494. 

b  495,  3. 

13  545,  3. 

4  509. 

8  533,  4. 

13  273,  II.  2. 

6  281. 

ROMAN   HISTORY.  65 


Period  III. — Roman  Triumphs. 

FROM   THE   FIRST   PUNIC   WAR   TO   THE   CONQUEST   OF   GREECE,    146   B.  C. 

First  Punic  War,  264  B.  C. 

185.  Anno  quadringentesimo  nonagesimo  post  urbem 
conditam  Roman  orum  exercitus  primnm  in  Siciliam  tra- 
jecerunt,1  regemque  Syracusarum  Hieronem,  Poenosque, 
qui  multas  civitates  in  ea  insula  occupaverant,  superave- 
runt.  Quinto  anno  hujus  belli,  quod  contra  Poenos 
gerebatur,  primnm  Romani,  Caio  Duillio,  Cnaeo  Cor- 
nelio  Asma  consnlibns,2  mari 3  dimicaverunt.  Duillius 
Carthaginienses  vicit,4  triginta  naves  occupavit,  quattu- 
ordecim  mersit,6  septem  millia  liostium  cepit,  tria  millia 
occidit.     Nulla  victoria  Romanis  gratior  fuit. 

First  Punic  War.  continued. — Invasion  of  Africa,  250  B.  C. 

186.  Paucis  annis  interjectis,  bellum  in  Africam 
est  translatum.  Hamilcar,  Cartliaginiensium  dux,  pug- 
na  navali  superatus  est ;  nam,  perditis  sexaginta  quattuor 
navibus,  se  recepit ;  Romani  viginti  duas  amiserunt. 
Quum  in  Africam  venissent,6  Poenos  in  pluribus 7  proc- 
liis  vicerunt,  magnam  vim 8  hommum  ceperunt,  septua- 
ginta  quattuor  civitates  in  fidem  acceperunt.  Turn  victi 
Carthaginienses  pacem  a  Romanis  petierunt.9  Quam  i0 
quum  Marcus  Atilius  Regiilus,  Romanorum  dux,  dare 
nollet "  nisi  durissimis  conditionibus,  Carthaginienses 
auxilium  petierunt  a  Lacedaemoniis.     Hi  Xanthippum 


1  461,  1  ;  260,  2,  1). 

6  258,  I.  1. 

8  234. 

3  431. 

6  518,  II. 

10  453. 

3  422,  1. 

7 165,  1. 

11  518. 

4  273,  II. 

8  66. 

66  LATIN   READER. 

miserunt,  qui  Romanum  exercitum  magno  proelio  vicit. 
Regulus  ipse  captus  et  in  vincula  conjectus  est. 

187.  Non  tamen  ublque  fortiina  Carthaginiensibus 
favit.1  Quum  aliquot  proeliis  victi  essent,9  Regiilum  ro- 
gaverunt,  ut  Romam  proficisceretur,8  et  pacem  captivo- 
rumque  permutationem  a  Romanis  impetraret.  Ille 
quum  Romam  venisset,  inductus  in  senatum  dixit,  se 
desiisse*  Homdnum  esse  ex  ilia  die,  qua*  in potestdtem 
Poenorum  venisset0  Turn  Romanis  suasit,7  ne  pacem 
cum  Carthaginiensibus  facerent : 8  illos  enim  tot  casibus 
fractos  spem  nullam  nisi  in  pace  habere ; '  tanti  10  non 
esse,  ut  tot  millia  captivorum  propter  se  unum  etpaucos, 
qui  ex  Bomdnis  capti  essent0  redder entur.xx  Haec  sen- 
tentia  obtinuit.  Regressus  igitur  in  Africam  crudelissi- 
mis  suppliciis  exstinctus  est.12 

End  of  the  First  Punic  War,  241  B.  C. 

138.  Tandem,  Caio  Lu.atio  Catulo,  Aulo  Posturnio 
consulibus,  anno  belli  Punici  vicesimo  tertio  magnum 
proclium  naviile  commissum  est  contra  Lilybaeum,  pro- 
montorium  Siciliae.  In  eo  proelio  septuaginta  tres 
Cartliaginiensium  naves  captae,  centum  viginti  quinque 
demersae,13  triginta  duo  millia  bostium  capta,  tredecim 
millia  occlsa  sunt.  Statim  Cartbaginienses  pacem  peti- 
erunt,  eisque  pax  tributa  I4  est.  Captivi  Romanorum, 
qui  tenebantur  a  Carthaginiensibus,  redditi  sunt.  Poeni 
Sicilia,"  Sardinia,  et  ceteris  insulis,  quae  inter  Italian) 
Africamque  jacent,  decesserunt,  omnemque  Hispaniam, 
quae  citra  Iberum  est,  Romanis  permiserunt. 


'270. 

•631. 

11  495,  2. 

a  518,  II. 

7  269. 

w  272,  I. 

■  492,  2 ;  374,  4. 

e  492,  2. 

13  272,  II. 

4  234. 

9  530,  1. 

"  279. 

6  426. 

10  402,  1. 

15  434,  1. 

ROMAN    HISTORY.  67 


Siege  of  Saguntum. — The  Second  Punic  War,  218  B.  C. 

189.  Paulo1  post  Punicum  bellum  renovatum  est 
per  Hannibalem,  Carthaginiensium  ducem,  quern  pater 2 
Hamilcar  novem  annos3  natum  aris4  admoverat,  ut 
odium  perenne  in  Romanos  juraret.5  Hie  annum  agens 
vicesimum  aetatis  Saguntum,  Hispaniae  civitatem,  Ro- 
manisa  amlcam,  oppugnare  aggressus  est.7  Huic  Romani 
per  legatos  denuntiaverunt,  ut  bello8  abstineret.9  Qui 
quum  legatos  admittere  nollet,10  Romani  Carthagmern 
miserunt,  ut  mandaretur6  Hannibali,  ne  bellum  contra 
socios  populi  Romani  gereret.11  Dura  responsa  a  Car- 
thaginiensibus  reddita.  Saguntmis  interea  fame  victis, 
Romani  Carthaginiensibus  bellum  indixerunt. 


Hannibal  crosses  the  Alps,  218  B.  G. — Battles  of  the  Ticlnus,  Tre- 
oia,  and  Lake  Trasimenus. — Battle  of  Cannae,  216  B.  C. 

190.  Hannibal,  fratre  Ilasdrubale  in  Hispania  re- 
licto,12  Pyrenaeum  et  Alpes  transiit.  Traditur  in  Italiam 
octoginta  millia  peditum,  et  viginti  millia  equitum,  sep- 
tem  et  triginta  elepbantos  abduxisse.  Interea  multi  Li- 
giires  et  Galli  Hannibali  se  conjunxerunt.  Primus13  ei 
occurrit  Publius  Cornelius  Scipio,  qui,  proelio  ad  Tici- 
num  commisso,  superatus  est,  et,  vulnere  accepto,12  in 
castra  rediit.  Turn  Sempronius  Gracchus  conflixit  ad 
Trebiam  amnem.  Is  quoque  vincitur.14  Multi  populi 
se  Hannibali  dediderunt.  Inde  in  Etruriam  progressn3 
Flaminium  consulem  ad  Trasimenum  lacum  superat.14 


J418. 

6  391. 

11  492. 

8  447. 

7  283. 

12  431,  2,  (3). 

•378. 

8  425,  2. 

18  442,  1. 

4  386. 

9  492,  2. 

14  467,  III. 

6  491. 

10  518. 

68  LATIN   EEADER. 

Ipse  Flaminius  interemptus,  RomanOrum  viginti  quin- 
que  millia  caesa  sunt. 

191.  Quingentesimo  duodequadragesimo  anno  post 
urbeni  conditam  Lucius  Aemilius  Paulus  et  Caius  Te- 
rentius  Yarro  contra  Hannibalem  mittuntur.  Quam- 
quam  intellectum  erat,  Hannibalem  non  aliter  vinci 
posse  quam  mora,  Yarro  tamen,  morae1  impatiens,  apud 
vicum,  qui  Cannae  appellatur,  in  Apulia  pugnavit ; 
ambo  consiiles  victi,  Paulus  interemptus  est.  In  ea 
pugna  consulages  aut  praetorii  viginti,  senatores  triginta 
capti  aut  occisi ; a  militum  quadraginta  millia,  equitum 
tria  millia  et  quingenti  perierunt.  In  his  tantis  malis 
nemo  tamen  pacis  mentionem  facere  dignatus  est. 
Servi,  quod3  nunquam  ante  factum,3  manumissi  et  mili- 
tes  facti  sunt. 

192.  Post  earn  pugnam  multae  Italiae  civitates, 
quae  Eomanis4  paruerant,  se  ad  Hannibalem  transtule- 
runt.6  Hannibal  Eomanis  obtulit,  ut  captlvos  redime- 
rent;6  responsumque  est  a  senatu,  eos  cives  non  esse 
necessarios,  qui  ai^mati  capi  potuissenV  Hos  omnes 
ille  postea  variis  suppliciis  interlecit,  et  tres  modios  au- 
reorum  annulorum  Cartbagmem  misit,  quos  manibus8 
equitum  Eomanorum  et  senatorum  detraxerat.9  Interea 
in  Hispania  frater  Hannibab's,  Hasdriibal,  qui  ibi  reman- 
serat 10  cum  magno  exercitu,  a  duobus  Scipionibus  vin- 
citur,11  perditque  in  pugna  triginta  quinque  millia 
hominum. 

193.  In  Sicilia  res  prospere  gesta  est.1"  Marcellus 
magnam  bujus  insulae  partem  cepit,  quam  Poeni  occu- 


;  399,  2. 

6  292,  2. 

•  258,  I.  1. 

a  460,  8. 

"492. 

10  269. 

■  445, 1. 

7  500,  2. 

"  467,  m. 

4  385. 

•  386,  2. 

w27l\  I. 

ROMAN   HISTORY.  69 

paverant ;  Syracusas,  nobilissimam  urbem,  expugnavit, 
et  ingentem  inde  praedam  Eomam  1  misit.  Laevlnus  in 
Macedonia  cum  Philippo  et  multis  Graeciae  popiilis 
amicitiam  fecit;  et  in  Siciliam  profectus3  Hannonem, 
Poenoram  ducem,  apud  Agrigentum  cepit ;  quadraginta 
civitiites  in  deditionem  accepit,  viginti  sex  expugnavit. 
Ita  omni  Sicilia  recepta,8  cum  ingenti  gloria  Eomam  re- 
gressus  est. 

194.  Interea  in  Hispaniam,  ubi  duo  Scipiones  ab 
Hasdrubale  interfecti  erant,  missus  est  Publius  Cornelius 
Scipio,  vir  Eomanorum  omnium  fere  primus.4  Hie,  puer 
duodeviginti  annorum,  in  pugna  ad  Tielnum,  patrem 
singulari  virtute  servavit.  Deinde  post  cladem  Cannen- 
sem  multos  nobilissimorum  juvenum  Italiam  deserere 
cupientium,6  auctoritate  sua  ab  hoc  consilio  deterruit. 
Yiginti  quattuor  annos  natus  in  Hispaniam  missus,  die,8 
qua  venit,  Carthaginem  Novam  cepit,  in  qua  omne 
aurum  et  argentum  et  belli  apparatum  Poeni  habebant, 
nobilissimos  quoque  obsides,7  quos  ab  Hispanis  accepe- 
rant.  Hos  obsides  parentibus  reddidit.  Quare  omnes  fere 
Hispaniae  civitates  ad  eum  uno  animo 8  transierunt. 

195.  Anno  quarto  decimo  postquam  in  Italiam  Han- 
nibal venerat,  Scipio  consul  creatus,  et  in  Africam  mis- 
sus est.  Ibi  contra  Hannonem,  ducem  Carthaginiensium, 
prospere  pugnat,  totumque  ejus  exercitum  delet.9  Se- 
cundo  proelio  undecim  millia  hominum  occldit,  et  castra 
cepit  cum  quattuor  millibus  et  quingentis  militibus. 
Qua10  re  audita,3  omnis  fere  Italia  Hannibalem  deserit. 
Ipse  a  Cartliaginiensibus  in  Africam  redlre  jubetur.  Ita 
Italia  liberata  est. 


XS19. 

"57T. 

8  414,  3. 

2  283. 

8  426. 

"264. 

3  431,  2,(3). 

7  81,  2. 

1,1  453. 

*  166. 

70  LATIN   EEADEK. 

Battle  o/Zama,  202  B.  C. 

196.  Post  plures  pugnas  et  pacem  plus  semel  frustra 
tentatam,  pugna  ad  Zamam  committitur,  in  qua  peritis- 
simi  duces  copias  suas  ad  bellum  edueebant.  Scipio 
victor  recedit;  Hannibal  cum  paucis  equitibus  evadit. 
Post  hoc  proelium  pax  cum  Carthaginienslbus  facta  est. 
Scipio,  quum  Rornam  rediisset,1  ingenti  gloria  triumpha- 
vit,  atque  Africanus  appellatus  est.  Sic  finem  accepit 
secundum  Punicum  bellum  post  annum  undevicesimum 
quam9  coeperat. 

War  with  Philip. — Cynoscephalae,  197  B.  C. 

197.  Finito  Punico  bello,  sectitum  est  Macedonicum 
contra  Philippum  regem.  Superatus  est  rex  a  Tito 
Quinctio  Flaminio  apud  Cynoscephalas,  paxque  ei  data 
est. 

War  with  Perseus. — Pydna,  168  B.  C. 

198.  Philippo,  rege  Macedoniae,  mortuo,  filius  ejus 
Perseus  rebellavit,  ingentibus  copiis  paratis.  Dux  Po- 
manorum,  Publius  Licinius  consul,  contra  eum  mis- 
sus, gravi  proelio  a  rege  victus  est.  Eex  tamen  pacem 
petebat.  Cui8  Romani  earn  praestare  noluerunt,  nisi 
his  conditionibus,  ut  se  et  suos  Roman  is  dederet.4  Mox 
Aemilius  Paulus  consul  regem  ad  Pydnam  superavit,  et 
viginti  millia  peditum  ejus  occldit.  Equitatus  cum  rege 
fugit.  Urbes  Macedoniae  omnes,  quas  rex  ten iu  rat, 
Romanis  se  dediderunt.  Ipse  Perseus  ab  amlcis  desertus 
in  Pauli  potestatem  venit.  Hie,  multis  etiam  aliis  rebus 
gestis,5  cum  ingenti  pompa  Romam  rediit  in  nave  Persei, 
inusitatae  magnitudinis  ;8  nam  sedecim  remorum  ordincs 

1  518,  II.  ■  453.  •  431,  2,  (3). 

8  427,  3.  *  495,  3.  6  396,  IV. 


ROMAN    HISTORY.  71 

habuisse  dicitur.  Triumphavit  magnincentissime1  in 
curru  aureo,  duobus  filiis  utroque  latere a  adstantibus. 
Ante  currum  inter  captivos  duo  regis  filii  et  ipse  Perseus 
ducti  sunt. 

Third  Punic  War,  149  B.  'C. 

199.  Tertium  deinde  bellum  contra  Carthaginem 
susceptum  est.  Lucius  Marcius  Censorlnus  et  Manius 
Manlius  consoles  in  Africam  trajecerunt,  et  oppugnave- 
runt  Carthaginem.  Multa  ibi  praeclare  gesta  sunt  per 
Scipionem,3  Scipionis  Africani  nepotem,  qui  tribiinus4 
in  Africa  militabat. 

200.  Quum  jam  magnum  esset5  Scipionis  nomen, 
tertio  anno  postquam  Romani  in  Africam  trajecerant, 
consul  est  creatus,  et  contra  Carthaginem  missus.  Is 
hanc  urbem  a  civibus  acerrime8  defensam7  cepit  ac  dim  it. 
Ingens  ibi  praeda  facta,  plurimaque  inventa  sunt,  quae 
multarum  civitatum  excidiis  Carthago  collegerat.  Haec 
omnia  Scipio  civitatibus  Italiae,  Siciliae,  Africae  reddi- 
dit, quae  sua  recognoscebant.  Ita  Carthago  septingente- 
simo  anno,  postquam  condita  erat,  deleta  est.  Scipio 
nomen  Africani  j  unions8  accepit. 

'305;  164.  *  363.  7  578,  IV. 

3  422,  1.  6  518,  II.  *  168,  3. 

9  414,  5,  1).  6  305  ;  163,  1. 


72  LATIN   READER. 


Period  IV. — Civil  Dissensions. 

FROM    THE  CONQUEST   OP   GREECE   TO   THE   DISSOLUTION'  OF  THE   ROMAN   COMMON- 
*  WEALTH,  31    B.  C. 

Numantia  taken,  133  B.  C. 

201.  Deinde  bellum  exortum  est  cum  Numantinis, 
civitate  Hispaniae.  Victus '  ab  his  Quiiitus  Pompeius, 
et  post  eum  Caius  Hostilius  Manclnus  consul,  qui  pacem 
cum  iis  fecit  infamem,  quam  populus  et  senatus  jussit3 
infringi,  atque  ipsum  Manclnum  hostibus  tradi.  Turn 
Publius  Scipio  Africanus  in  Hispaniam  missus  est.  Is 
primum  militem  ignavum  et  corruptum  correxit ; 3  turn 
multas  Hispaniae  civitates  partim  bello  cepit,  partim  in 
deditionem  accepit.  Postremo  ipsam  ISTumantiam  fame 
ad  deditionem  coegit,  urbemque  evertit ;  reliquam 4  pro- 
vinciam  in  fidem  accepit. 

Mithriilatic  War. — First  Civil  War. — Jfarius,  Sulla,  8S  B.  C. 

202,  Anno  urbis  conditae  sexcentesimo  sexagesimo 
sexto  primum  Komae  bellum  civile  exortum  est ;  eodem 
anno  etiam  Mitliridaticum.  Causam  bello  civili  Caius 
Marius  dedit.  Nam  quum  Sullae  bellum  adversus  Mith- 
ridatem,  regem  Ponti,  decretum  esset,6  Marius  ei'  hunc 
honorem  eripere  conatus  est.  Sed  Sulla,  qui  adhuc  cum 
legionibus  suis  in  Italia  morabatur,7  cum  exercitu  Rom  am 
venit,  et  adversarios  quum 8  interfecit,  turn  fugavit.  Turn 
rebus  liomae  utcunque  compositis,  in  Asiam  profectus 
96t,  pluribusque  proeliis  Mithridatem  coegit,  ut  pacem  a 

1  460,  3.  *  441,  6.  T  468. 

9  463,  8.  6  518,  II.  e  587,  L  5. 

8  214,  I.  fl886,  2. 


EOMAN   HISTORY.  T3 

Komanis  peteret,1  et  Asia,  quam  invaserat,  relicta,  regni 
sui  fmibus*  contentus  esset. 

Civil  War,  continued. 

203.  Sed  dum  Sulla  in  Graecia  et  Asia  Mithridatem 
vincit,3  Marius,  qui  fugatus  fuerat,  et  Cornelius  Cinna, 
unus  ex  consulibus,4  bellum  in  Italia  repararunt,5  et  in- 
gressi  Eomam  nobilissimos  ex  senatu  et  consulages  viros 
interfecerunt ;  multos  proscripserunt ;  ipsius  Sullae  domo 
e versa,  rllios  et  uxorem  ad  fugam  compulerunt.6  Uni- 
versus  reliquus  senatus  ex  urbe  fugiens  ad  Sullarn  in 
Graeciam  venit,  orans  ut  patriae  subveniret.1  Sulla  in 
Italiam  trajecit,  hostium  exercitus  vicit,7  mox  etiani 
urbera  ingressus  est,  quam  caede 8  et  sanguine  civium 
replevit.  Quattuor  millia  inermium,9  qui  se  dediderant, 
interfiei  jussit ;  duo  millia  equitum  et  senatorum  pro- 
scripsit.10  Turn  de  Mithridate  triumphavit.  Duo  haec 
bella  funestissima,  Italicum,  quod  et  sociale  dictum  est, 
et  civile,  ultra  centum  et  quinquaginta  millia  hommuin, 
viros  consulages  viginti  quattuor,  praetorios  septem,  aedi- 
litios  sexaginta,  senatores  fere  ducentos  consumpserunt." 

War  of  the  Gladiators. — Spartacus,  73  B.  C. 

204.  Anno  urbis  sexcentesimo  octogesimo  primo 
novum  in  Italia  bellum  commotum ia  est.  Septuaginta 
enim  quattuor  gladiatores,  ducibus13  Spartaco,  Crixo,  et 
Oenomao,  e  ludo  gladiatorio,  qui  Capuae M  erat,  effuge- 
runt,  et  per  Italiam  vagantes  paene  non  levius  bellum, 


1  492,  2. 

6  273,  I.  2. 

11  258,  I.  4. 

9  419,  IV. 

7  273,  II. 

13  270,  II. 

3  467,  4. 

8  419,  2,  1). 

"430,431. 

4  398,  4. 

9  441. 

14  421,  II. 

6  234. 

10  258,  I.  3. 

74  LATIN   READER. 

quam  Hannibal,  moverunt.1 
citum  fere  sexaginta  millium  armatorum,  multosque 
duces  et  duos  Romanos  consiiles  vicerunt.  Ipsi  victi 
sunt  in  Apulia  a  Marco  Licinio  Crasso  proconsule,  et, 
post  multas  calamitates  Italiae,  tertio  anno  *  huic  bello 
finis  est  irapositus. 

JPompey  puts  down  the  Pirates,  67  B.  C. — Is  appointed  successor  to 
Lucullus. — Death  of  Mithridates,  63  B.  C. 

205,  Per  ilia  tempora  piratae  omnia  maria  infesta- 
bant  ita,  ut  Romanis,4  toto  orbe 5  terrarura  victorious, 
sola  navigatio  tuta  non  esset.0  Quare  id  bellum  Cnaeo 
Pompeio  decretum  est,  quod  intra  paucos  menses  incre- 
dibili  felicitate  et  celeritate  con  fecit.  Mox  ei  delatum 7 
bellum  contra  regem  Mithridiitem  et  Tigranem.  Quo ' 
Ruscepto,  Mitliridatem  in  Armenia  Minore  nocturno 
proelio  vicit,  castra  diripuit,  et  quadraginta  millibus  ejus 
occlsis,  viginti  tantum  de  exercitu  suo  perdidit  et  duos 
centuriones.  Mithridates  fugit "  cum  uxore  et  duobus 
comitibus,10  neque11  multo  post,  Pharnacis  filii  sui  sedi- 
tion e  coactus,13  venenum  hausit.13  Hunc  vitae  finem 
habuit  Mitbridates,  vir  ingentis  industriae  atque  consilii. 
Pegnavit  annis"  sexaginta,  vixit  septuaginta  duobus: 
contra  Romanos  bellum  liabuit  annis  quadraginta. 

Victories  of  Pompey  over  Tigranes :  he  takes  Jerusalem,  63  B.  C. 

206.  Tigrani  deinde  Pompeius  bellum  intulit.  Hie 
6e  ei  dedidit,  et  in  castra  Pompeii  venit,  ac  diadema 


•270. 

"494. 

"  687, 1.  2. 

'272. 

7  292,  2  ;  460,  8. 

■  273,  II. 

*426. 

p  453  ;  431,  2,  (3). 

»  286,  I. 

«891. 

8  273,  IL 

M  378,  1. 

»  422,  1,1). 

,081. 

ROMAN    HISTORY.  75 

suum  in  ejus  manibus  collocavit,  quod  ei  Pompeius  re- 
posuit.  Parte  ■  regni  eum  multavit  et  grandi  pecunia. 
Turn  alios  etiam  reges  et  popiilos  superavit.  Armeniam 
Minorem  Deiotaro,3  Galatiae  regi,  donavit,  quia  auxilium 
contra  Mithridatem  tulerat.  Seleuciam,  vicinam  Antio- 
chlae3  civitatem,  libertate3  donavit,  quod  regem  Tigra- 
nem  non  recepisset.4  Inde  in  Judaeam  transgressus, 
Hierosolymam,  caput  gentis,  tertio  mense  cepit,  duode- 
cim  millibus  Judaeorum  occlsis,  ceteris  in  fidem  receptis. 
His6  gestis  finem  antiquissimo  bello  imposuit.  Ante 
triumphantis  currum  ducti  sunt  fllii  Mithridatis,  filius 
Tigranis,  et  Aristobulus,  rex  Judaeorum.  Praelata  in- 
gens  pecunia,  auri  atque  argenti  infinitum  pondus.  Hoc 
tempore  nullum  per  orbem  terrarum  grave  bellum  erat. 

Catiline's  Conspiracy,  63  B.  C. 

207.  Marco  Tullio  Cicerone6  oratore  et  Caio  Anto- 
nio consulibus,  anno  ab  urbe  condita 7  sexcentesimo  nona- 
gesimo  primo  Lucius  Sergius  Catilma,  nobilissimi  generis 
vir,  sed  ingenii  pravissimi,  ad  delendam 8  patriam  conju- 
ravit  cum  quibusdam  claris  quidem,  sed  audacibus  viris. 
A  Cicerone  urbe 9  expulsus  est,  socii  ejus  deprehensi  et 
in  car  cere  strangulati  sunt.  Ab  Antonio,  alter  o  consiile, 
Catillna  ipse  proelio  victus  est  et  interfectus. 

Caesar  Consul,  59  B.  C. :  in  Gaul,  58  B.  C. 

208.  Anno  urbis  conditae  sexcentesimo  nonagesimo 
quinto  Caius  Julius  Caesar  cum  Lucio  Bibulo  consul  est 
factus.   Quum  ei  Gallia  decreta  esset,10  semper  vincendo  " 


1  425,  2,  2). 

6  414. 

9  425. 

8  384,  1. 

6  430,  431. 

10  518,  II. 

8  391. 

7  580. 

11  566,  L 

4  520,  II. 

8  565,  1. 

76  LATIN   READER. 

usque  ad  Oceanum  BritannTcum  processit.'  Domuit* 
autem  annis  novem  fere  omnem  Galliam,  quae  inter 
Alpes,  flumen  Rhodanum,  Rhenum  et  Oceanum  est. 
Britannis  mox  bellum  intulit,8  quibus4  ante  eum  ne 
iiomeu  quidem  Romanorum  cognitum6  erat ;  Germa- 
nos  quoque  trans  Rhenum  aggressus,  ingentlbus  proeliis 
vicit. 

Civil  War  of  Pompey  and  Caesar,  49  B.  C. 

209.  Bellum  civile  successit,1  quo  Romani  noni'inis 
fortu.ua  mutata  est.  Caesar  enim  victor  e  Gallia  rediens, 
absens  coepit  poscere  alteram  consulatum  ;  quern 6  quum 
multi  sine  dubitatione  deferrent,7  contradictum  est  a 
Pompeio  et  aliis,  jussusque  est,  dimissis  exercitibus,  in 
urbem  redire.  Propter  hanc  injuriam  ab  Arimmo,  ubi 
milites  congregates 8  habebat,  infesto  exercitu  *  Rom  am 
contendit.  Consiiles  cum  Pompeio,  senatusque  omnis 
atque  universa  nobilitas  ex  urbe  fugit,10  et  in  Graeciam 
transiit ;  et,  dum  senatus  bellum  contra  Caesarem  paril- 
bat,  hie  vacuam  urbem  ingressus  dictatorem  se  fecit. 

Defeat  of  Pompsifs  party  in  Spain. — Battle  of  Pkarsalia,  48  B.  C. 
—Death  of  Pompey. 

210.  Inde  Hispanias  petiit,11  iblque  Pompeii  legiones 
*uperavit ;  turn  in  Graecia  adversum  PompCium  ipsum 
dimicavit.  Primo  proelio  victus  est  et  fugiitus  ;  evilsit  ■ 
tamen,  quia,  nocte  interveniente,  Pompeius  sequi  no- 
luit ; 1S  dixitque  Caesar,  nee  Pompeium  scire  vincere,  et 
illo  tantum  die  se  potuisse  superari.  Deinde  in  Thes- 
salifi  apud  Pharsillum  ingentlbus  utrimque  copiis  ,4  com- 


1  258,  I. 

2. 

8453. 

"  234. 

3  260. 

7  518. 

■  272,  II. 

3  292,  2. 

8  388,  1,  2). 

13  293. 

4  391. 

9  414,  7. 

»  414. 

'575. 

10  463,  I. 

ROMAN   HISTORY.  i( 

missis  dimicaverunt.  Nunquam  adlmc  Pomanae  copiae 
majores  neque  melioribus  ducibus '  convenerant.  Pug- 
natum  est 2  ingenti  contentione,3  victusque  ad  postremum 
Pompeius,  et  castra  ejus  direpta  sunt.  Ipse  fugatus 
Alexandrlam  petiit,  ut  a  rege  Aegypti,  cui  tutor 4  a  se- 
natu  datus  fuerat,  acciperet &  auxilia.  At  hie  fortunam 
magis  quam  amicitiam  secutus,6  occidit  Pompeium,  caput 
ejus  et  annulum  Caesari  misit.  Quo 7  conspecto,  Caesar 
lacrimas  fudisse8  dicitur,  tanti  viri  intuens  caput,  et  ge- 
neri  quondam 9  sui. 

Caesar  assassinated  in  the  Senate-House,  44  B.  0. 

211.  Quum  ad  Alexandrlam  venisset  Caesar,  Ptole- 
maeus  ei  insidias  parare  voluit,  qua  de  causa  regi  bellum 
illatum 10  est.  Kex  victus  in  Kilo  periit,  inventumque 
est  corpus  ejus  cum  lorlca  aurea.  Caesar,  Alexandria  " 
potltus,  regnum  Cleopatrae  dedit."  Turn  inde  profec- 
tus6  Pompeianarum  partium  reliquias  est  persecutus5 
bellisque  13  civilibus  toto  terrarum  orbe  w  compositis,  Ho- 
rn am  rediit.  Ubi  quum  insoientius 16  age  re  coepisset,16 
conjuratum  est  in  eum  a  sexaginta  vel  amplius  senatori- 
bus,  equitibusque  Romanis.  Praecipui  fuerunt  inter 
conjuratos  "  Bruti  duo  ex  genere  illius  Bruti,  qui,  regi- 
bus  expulsis,  primus  Pomae  consul  fuerat.  Ergo  Caesar, 
quum  in  curiam  venisset,  viginti  tribus  vulneribus  con- 
fossus  est. 


1  414,  % 

7  453;  431,2, 

(3). 

13  431,  2,  (3). 

2  301,  1 

8  273,  II.  2. 

14  422,  1,  1). 

3  414,  3. 

9  583,2. 

15  444,  1  &  4. 

4  362. 

10  292,  2. 

16  297. 

*491. 

11  419. 

17  575. 

6  283. 

12  261. 

78 


LATIN    HEADER. 


The  Second  Triumvirate,  Octavhis,  Antony,  and  Lepidus,  43  B.  C. — 
Death  of  Cicero. 

212.  Interfecto  Caesare,  anno  urbis  septingentesimo 
decimo  bella  civilia  reparata  sunt.  Senatus  favebat 
Caesaris  percussoribus,1  Antonius  consul  a  Caesaris  par- 
tibus  stabat.  Ergo  turbata  re  publica,  Antonius,  mult  is 
sceleribus  commissis,  a  senatu  hostis3  judicatus  est. 
Fusus  fugatusque  Antonius,  amisso  exercitu,  confugit  ad 
Lepidum,  qui  Caesari 3  magister  equitum  fuerat,  et  turn 
grandes  copias  militum  habebat ;  a  quo  susceptus  est. 
Mox  Octavianus  cum  Antonio  pacem  fecit,  et  quasi  vin- 
dicaturus  patris  sui  mortem,  a  quo  per  testamentum 
fuerat  adoptatus,  Rom  am  cum  exercitu  profectus  extor- 
sit,4  ut  sibi,  juveni  viginti  annorum,  consulatus  daretur.6 
Turn  junctus  cum  Antonio  et  Lepido  rem  publicam  ar- 
mis  tenere  coepit,  senatumque  proscripsit.  Per  hos  etiam 
Cicero  orator  occisus  est,  multique  alii  nobiles.8 

Battle  of  Philippi,  42  B.  C. 

213.  Interea  Brutus  et  Cassius,  interfectores  Cae- 
saris, ingens  bellum  moverunt.7  Profecti 8  contra  eos 
Caesar  Octavianus,  qui  postea  Augustus  est  appellate, 
et  Marcus  Antonius,  apud  Philippos,  Macedoniae  urbem, 
contra  eos  pugnaverunt."  Primo  proelio  victi  sunt  An- 
tonius et  Caesar ;  periit 10  tamen  dux  nobilitatis  Cassius ; 
secundo  Brutum  et  infinltam  nobilitatem,  quae  cum  illis 
bellum  susceperat,  victam"  interfecerunt.  Turn  vic- 
tores  rem  publicam  ita  inter  se  diviserunt,13  ut  Octavia- 


'385. 

6  492,  1. 

9  463,  n. 

3  362. 

6  460,  3. 

10  295,  3. 

8  890,  2. 

7  270. 

"  579. 

*  2G9,  II. 

"439. 

■  272,  II. 

SOMAN   HISTORY.  79 

nus  Caesar  Hispanias,  Gallias,  Italiam  teneret : '   Anto- 
nius  Orientem,  Lepidus  Afncam  acciperet. 

Battle  of  Actium,  31  B.  G. 

214,  Paulo8  post  Antonius,  repudiate  sorore  Cae- 
saris  Octaviani,  Cleopatram,  reglnam  Aegypti,  uxorem^ 
duxit.  Ab  hac  incitatus  ingens  bellum  commovit,  dum 
Cleopatra  cupiditate  muliebri  optat  Romae  regnare. 
Victus  est  ab  Augusto  navali  pugna  clara  et  illustri 
apud  Actium,  qui 3  locus  in  Eplro  est.  Hinc  fugit  in 
Aegyptum,  et,  desperatis  rebus,  quum  omnes  ad  Augus- 
tum  translrent,4  se  ipse  interemit.6  Cleopatra  quoque 
aspidem  sibi  admisit,  et  veneno  ejus  exstincta 8  est.  Ita 
bellis  toto  orbe 7  confectis,  Octavianus  Augustus  Romam 
rediit  anno  duodecimo  postquam  consul  fuerat.  Ex  eo 
inde  tempore  rem  publicam  per  quadraginta  et  quattuor 
annos  solus  obtinuit.  Ante  enim  duodecim  annis 8  cum 
Antonio  et  Lepido  tenuerat.  Ita  ab  initio  principatus 
ejus  usque  ad  finem  quinquaginta  sex  anni  fuere. 

1  494.  4  518.  7  422,  1,  1). 

3  418.  •  273,  II.  8  378,1. 

8  445,  8.  •  281. 


GRECIAN    HISTORY. 

Note. — It  is  recommended  that,  in  reading  the  Grecian  History,  special 
attention  should  be  given  to  Irregular,  Defective,  and  Impersonal  Verbs.— 
289-301. 

Period  I. — Grecian  Triumphs. 

FROM  THE  PERSIAN  INVASION,  490  B.  C,  TO  THE  PELOPONNESIAN  WAR,  431  B.  C. 

Darius  invades  ScylMa:  prepares  to  invade  Greece. 

215.  Multis  in  Asia  feliciter  gestis,  Darius  Scytbis 
bellum  intiilit,1  et  armatis  septingentis  millibus a  bomi- 
num  Scytbiam 3  ingressus,  quum  bostes  ei  pugnae  potes- 
tatem  non  facerent,4  metuens,  ne,  interrupto  ponte  Istri, 
reditus  sibi  intercluderetur,6  amissis  octoginta  millibus 
bominum,  trepidus  refugit.  Inde  Macedonian!  domuit : 
et  quum  ex  Europa  in  Asiam  rediisset,8  hortantibus 
amlcis  ut  Graeciam  redigeret  *  in  suam  potestatem,  clas- 
sem  quingentarum  navium  comparavit,  elque  Datim' 
praefecit  et  Artapbernen ; 9  bisque  ducenta  peditum 
millia,  et  decern  equitum  dedit. 

Battle  of  Marathon,  490  B.  C. 

216.  Praefecti  regii,  classe  ad  Euboeam  appulsa, 
celeriter  Eretriam  ceperunt.  Inde  ad  Atticam  acccsse- 
ruut,  ac  suas  copias  in  Campum  Maratbona  deduxOrunt. 

'292,2.  *  518,  II.  '492,2. 

a  414,  7.  6  492,  4.  ■  62,  II.  2. 

•  371,  4.  6  295,  3.  »  68. 


GRECIAN   HISTORY.  81 

Is  abest  ab  oppido  circiter  millia  passuum  decern.  Hoc 
in  tempore  nulla  civitas  Atheniensibus '  auxilio  fuit, 
praeter  Plataeenses;  ea  mille3  misit  militum.  Itaque 
horum  adventu  decern  millia  armatorum  completa  sunt : 
quae*  manus  mirabili  nagrabat  pugnandi  cupiditate. 
Athenienses  copias  ex  urbe  eduxerunt,  loeoque 4  idoneo 
castra  fecerunt ;  deinde  postero  die,  sub  montis  radicibus 
proelium  commiserunt.  Datis  etsi  non  aequum  locum 
videbat  suis,  tamen,  fretus  numero5  copiarum  suarum, 
contligere  cupiebat.  Itaque  in  aciem  peditum  centum, 
equitum  decern  millia  produxit,  proeliumque  commisit. 
In  quo  tanto a  plus  virtute  valuerunt  Athenienses,  ut  de- 
cemplicem  numerum  h ostium  profligarint ; 7  adeoque 
perterruerant,  ut  Persae  non  castra,  sed  naves  petierint. 
Qua  pugna  nihil  est  nobilius ;  nulla  enim  unquam  tarn 
exigua  manus  tantas  opes  prostravit. 

Xerxes  invades  Greece,  480  B.  O. 

217.  Quum  Darius,  bellum  instauratiirus,  in  ipso 
apparatu  decessisset,8  nlius  ejus  Xerxes  Europam  °  cum 
tantis  copiis  invasit,  quantas  neque  antea  neque  postea 
habuit  quisquam :  hujus  enim  classis  mille  et  ducenta- 
rum  navium  10  longarum  fuit,  quam  duo  millia  oneraria- 
rum  sequebantur :  terrestres  autem  exercitus  septingen- 
torum  millium  peditum,  equitum  quadringentorum 
millium  fuerunt.  Cujus  "  de  adventu  quum  fama  in 
Graeciam  esset  perlata,  et  maxime  Athenienses  peti 
dicerentur,12  propter  pugnam  Marathoniam,  miserunt 
Delphos  consultum,18  quidnam  facerent 14  de  rebus  suis. 


'390. 

6  418. 

11  453. 

2  m. 

7  234 ;  482,  2. 

13  549,  4. 

3  445,  8. 

8  518. 

13  569. 

4  422,  1,  2). 

°3n,4. 

14  525. 

6  419,  IV- 

10  401. 

82  LATIN   READER 

Deliberantibus  Pythia  respondit,  ut  moenibus  ligneis 
se  munirent.1  Id  responsum  quo  valeret,  quum  intelli- 
gent nemo,  Themistocles  persuasit,  consilium  esse  Apol- 
linis,  ut  in  naves  se  suaque  conferrent : a  eum  enim  a  deo 
significari  murum  ligneum.  Tali  consilio  probato,  ad- 
dunt  ad  superiores  totidem  naves  triremes  :  suaque  om- 
nia, quae  moveri  poterant,  partim  Salamma,'  partim 
Troezena,  deportant ;  arcem  sacerdotibus  paucisque  ma- 
joribus  natu,4  ac  sacra  procuranda  *  tradunt ;  reliquum 
oppidum  relinquunt. 

Actions  at  Thermopylae  and  Artemisium,  480  B.  C. 

218.  IIujus  consilium  plerisque  civitatibus  displice- 
bat,  et  in  terra  dimicari8  magis  placebat.  Itaque  missi 
sunt  delect i 7  cum  Leonida,  Lacedaemoniorum  rege,  qui 
Thermopylas  occuparent,8  longiusque  barbaros  progredi 
non  paterentur.  Hi  vim"  hostium  non  sustinuerunt, 
eoque  loco  omnes  inter ierunt.10  At  classis  communis 
Graeciae  trecentarum  navium,11  in  qua  ducentae  erant 
Atheniensiurn,  primum  apud  Artemisium,  inter  Euboe- 
am  continentemque  terram,  cum  classiariis  regiis  con- 
flixit : 13  angustias  enim  Themistocles  quaerebat,  ne  mul- 
titudine  circumiretur.13  Hinc  etsi  pari  proelio  u  discesse- 
rant,  tamen  eodem  loco  non  sunt  ausi "  manere,  quod 
erat  periculum,  ne,  si  pars  navium  adversariorum  Eu- 
boeam  superasset,18  ancipiti  premerentur  "  periculo.  Quo 
factum  est,  ut  ab  Artemisio  discederent,18  et  exadversum 
Athenas,  apud  Salamma,  classem  suam  constitiurent. 


1  492,  2. 

7  675. 

13  491. 

*  495,  3. 

8  500,  1. 

14  414,  3. 

'68. 

•66. 

15  271,  3. 

4  429. 

10  295,  8. 

19  609. 

6  578,  V. 

11  897,  2. 

17  492,  1. 

•549. 

,J  W8,  I.  1 

GEECIAN   HISTORY.  Od 

Battle  o/Salamis,  480  B.  G. 

219.  At  Xerxes,  Thermopylis  expugnatis,  protinus 
accessit  astu,1  idque,  nullis  defendentibus,  interfectis 
sacerdotibus,  quos  in  arce  invenerat,  incendio  delevit. 
Cujus  fama  perterriti  classiarii  quum  manere  non  aude- 
rent,  et  plurimi3  hortarentur,  ut  domos  suas  quisque 
discederent,3  moenibusque  se  defenderent ;  Themistocles 
unus  restitit,  et,  universos  pares  hostibus  esse  posse 4  aie- 
bat,6  dispersos  testabatur  perituros,  idque  Eurybiadi,  regi 
Lacedaemoniorum,  qui  turn  summae 6  imperii  praeerat, 
fore "  affirmabat.  Quern  quum  minus,  quam  vellet,8  nio- 
veret,9  noctu  de  servis  suis,  quern  habuit  iidelissimum,10 
ad  regem  misit,  ut  ei  nuntiaret  suis  verbis :  adversarios 
ejus  in  fuga  esse,  qui  u  si  discessissent™  majore  cum 
labore,  et  longinquiore  tempore  helium  confecturum,™ 
quum  singulos  consectdri  cogeretur  /  quos  si  statim  ag- 
grederetur,  brevi  imiversos  oppressurum.  Hoc  eo  vale- 
bat,  ut  ingratiis  ad  depugnandum  omnes  cogerentur.14 
Hac  re  audita,  barbarus,  nihil  doli  subesse  credens,  pos- 
tridie  alienissimo  sibi  "  loco,  contra  opportunissmio  hos- 
tibus, adeo  angusto  mari18  conflixit,  ut  ejus  multitudo 
navium  explicari  non  potuerit.17  Yictus  ergo  est  magis 
consilio  Themistoclis,  quam  armis  Graeciae. 

Xerxes  flies  lack  into  Asia. 

220.  Hie  etsi  male  rem  gesserat,  tamen  tantas  habe- 
bat  reliquias  copiarum,  ut  etiamtum    his 18  opprimere 


1  128;  371,4. 

7  297,  III.  2. 

13  545,  3. 

8  165,  441. 

8  527. 

14  495. 

3  492,  2  ;  461,  3. 

9  518. 

15  391. 

«290. 

10  453,  5. 

16  422,  1,  1). 

6  297,  II.  1. 

11  453. 

"  482,  2. 

•386. 

12  509. 

16  414,  4. 

£ 

84  LATIN   READER. 

posset  hostes.  Iterum  ab  eodem  gradu  depulsus  est 
Nam  Themistocles,  verens  ne  bellare  perse  veraret,1  cer- 
tiorem  eum  fecit,  id  agi,J  ut  pons,3  quern  ille  in  Helles- 
ponto  fecerat,  dissolveretur,4  ac  reditu  in  Asiam  exclu 
deretur.  Itaque  in  Asiam  reversus  est,  seque  a  Themis- 
tocle  non  superatum,6  sed  conservatum  judicavit.  Sic 
unius  viri  prudentia  Graecia  liberata  est. 

Battles  of  Plataea  and  Mycale,  479  B.  C. 

221.  Postero  anno  quam  Xerxes  in  Asiam  refugerat, 
Graeci,  duce  Pausania,  Mardonium,  regis  generum,  apud 
Plataeas  fuderunt :  °  quo  proelio  ipse  dux  cecidit,7  Bar. 
barorumque  exercitus  interfectus  est.  Eodem  forte  die 
in  Asia,  ad  montem  Mycalen,  Persae  a  Graecis  navftli 
proelio  superati  sunt.  Jamque  omnibus  pacatis,  Athe- 
nienses  belli  damna  reparare  coeperunt.8 


Period  II. — Civil  Wars  in  Greece. 

FROM   THE   PELOPOXNESIAN   WAR    TO   THE    ACCESSION   OF    PHILIP    OF    MACEDON, 

SCO   B.  C. 


The  Peloponnesian  War,  431  B.  C— Pericles. 

222.  Hoc  bellum,  quo*  nullum  aliud  florentes  Grae- 
ciae  res  gravius  amixit,  saepe  suaceptum  et  depositum 
est.  Initio  Spartani  fines  Atticae  populabantur,  hoetef- 
que  ad  proelium  provocabant.  Sed  Athenienses,  Perlclis 
consilio,10  ultionis  tempus  exspectantes  intra  moen' 


1  492,  4. 

6  545,  3. 

B297. 

*  551,  8. 

fl  273,  II. 

"417. 

'110,  1. 

7  273,  I. 

w  414,  a. 

4  4«J5,  3. 

GRECIAN   HISTORY.  85 

continebant.  Deinde,  paucis  diebus  interjectis,  naves 
conscendunt,  et,  nihil  sentientibus  Lacedaemoniis,  totam 
Laconiam  depraedantur.  Clara  quidem  haec  Periclis 
expeditio  est  habita ;  sed  multo  clarior  privati  patrimonii 
contemptus  fuit.  Nam  in  populatione  ceterorum  agro- 
rum,  Periclis  agros  hostes  intactos  reliquerant,  ut  aut  in- 
vidiam ei  apud  cives  concitarent,1  aut  in  proditionw 
suspicionem  adducerent.  Quod  intelligens,  Pericles 
agros  rei  publicae  dono  dedit.  Post  haec  aliquot  diebus 
interjectis,  navali  proelio  dimicatum  est.2  Yicti  Lace- 
daemonii  fugerunt.  Post  plures 3  annos,  fessi  malis,  pa- 
cem  in  annos  quinquaginta  fecere,  quam  sex  annos4  ser- 
vaverunt. 


Expedition  of  the  Athenians  against  Sizily,  415  B.  C. 

223.  Bello  inter  Catinienses  et  Syracusanos  exorto,6 
Athenienses  Catiniensibus  opem  ferunt.6  Classis  ingens 
decernitur  ;  creantur  duces  Nicias,  Alcibiades  et  Lama- 
clius ;  tantaeque  vires  in  Siciliam  effusae  sunt,  ut  iis 
ipsis  terrori 7  essent,  quibus  auxilio  venerant.  Nicias  et 
Lamachus  duo  proelia  pedestria  secundo  Marte8  pug- 
nant ;  munitionibusque  urbi  Syracusarum9  circumdatis, 
incolas  etiam  marinis  commeatibus 10  intercludunt.  Qui- 
bus rebus  fracti "  Syracusani,  auxilium  a  Lacedaemoniis 
petiverunt.12  Ab  his  mittitur  Gylippus,  qui  auxiliis 
partim  in  Graecia,  partim  in  Sicilia  contractis,  oppor- 
tiina  bello  loca 13  occiipat.     Duobus  deinde  proeliis  vic- 


1  491.  fl  292 ;  467,  III.  10  886,  1. 

3  301,  1.  7  390.  u  273,  II. 

3  165,  1.  8  414,  3  ;  705,  II.  ■  278,  2. 

4  378.  •  396,  V.  13  141. 

6  288,  2. 


86  LATIN   EEADER. 

tus,  tertio  hostes  in  fugam  conjecit,  sociosque  obsidione1 
liberiivit.  In  eo  proelio  Lamachus  fortiter  pugnans  oc- 
cisus  est. 

Successes  of  Alcibiades  against  the  Lacedaemonians. 

224.  Alcibiades  summa  cura 2  classem  instruit,  atque4. 
In  bellum  adversus  Lacedaemonios  perrexit.  Hac  expe- 
ditione  tanta  subito  rerum  commutatio  facta  est,3  ut  La- 
cedaemonii,  qui  paulo  ante  victores  viguerant,  perterriti 
pacem  peterent ; 4  victi  enim  erant  quinque  terrestribus 
proeliis,  tribus  navalibus,  in  quibus  trecentas  triremes 
amiserant,  quae  captae  in  hostium  venerant  potestatcm. 
Alcibiades  simul  cum  collegis  receperat  Ioniam,  Ilelles- 
pontum,  multas  praeterea  urbes  Graecas,  quae  in  ora 
sitae  sunt  Asiae  :  quarum  expugnaverant  quam  plurimas, 
in  bis  Byzantium  ;  neque  minus  multas  consilio  ad  ami- 
citiam  adjunxerant,  quod  in  captos  dementia b  fuerant 
usi.  Inde  praeda0  onusti,  locupletiito  exercltu,  maximis 
rebus  gestis,  Athenas  venerunt. 

Cyrus  favors  Lysander  and  the  Lacedaemonians,  407  B.  C. 

225.  Dum  baec  geruntur,  a  Lacedaemoniis  Lysan- 
der classi  belloque  praeficitur  ;  et  Darius,  rex  Persarum, 
n'lium  suum,  Cyrum,  Ioniae  Lydiaeque  praeposuit,  qui 
Lacedaemonios  auxiliis  opibusque  ad  spem  fortunae 
prioris 7  erexit.  Aucti 8  igitur  viribus  •  Alcibiadem  cum 
centum  navibus  in  Asiam  profectum,10  dum  agros  popu- 
lating repentmo  adventu  oppressere.11  Magnae  et  in- 
opinatae  cladis  nuntius  quum  Athenas  venisset,  tanta 


1  425,  3. 

8  419,  I. 

•429. 

•  414,  3. 

8  419,  III. 

10  283. 

»294. 

7  106. 

■  235. 

4  494. 

■  269. 

GBECIAK   HISTORY".  87 

Atheniensium  desperatio  fuit,  ut  statim  Cononem  in 
Alcibiadis  locum  mitterent,  ducis  se  fraude  magis  quam 
belli  fortuna-  victos  *  arbitrantes. 


Fatal  defeat  of  the  Athenians  at  Aegospotamos,  405  B.  C. 

226.  Itaque  Conon  classem  maxima  industria  ador- 
nat ;  sed  navibus2  exercitus  deerat.  Nam,  ut  numerus 
militum  expleretur,  senes  et  pueri  arma  capere  coacti 
sunt.  Pluribus  itaque  proeliis  adverso  Marte  pugnatis, 
tandem  Lysander,  Spartanorum  dux,  Atheniensium  ex- 
ercitum,  qui,  navibus  relictis,  in  terrain  praedatum '  exi- 
erat,4  ad  Aegos  flumen  oppressit,  eoque  impetu  totum 
bellum  finlvit.  Hac  enim  clacle  res  Atlieniensium  peni- 
tus  inclinata  est. 

Athens  surrenders  to  Lysander,  404  B.  C. — The  Thirty  Tyrants. 

227.  Lysander  Athenas  navigavit,  miseramque  civi- 
tatem,  obsidione  eircumdatam,  fame 5  urget.  Athenienses, 
multis  fame  et  ferro  amissis,  pacem  petivere.  Quum 
nonnulli  nomen  Atheniensium  delendum,1  urbemque 
incendio  consumendam  censerent,5  Spartani  negarunt, 
se  passuros,  ut  ex  duobus  Graeciae  ociilis  alter  erueretur ; 7 
pacemque  Atheniensibus  sunt  polliciti,  si  longi  muri  bra- 
chia  dejicerent,8  navesque  traderent ;  denique  si  res  pub- 
lica  triginta  rectores,  ex  civibus  deligendos,  acciperet. 
His  legibus  acceptis,  tota  civitas  subito  mutari  coepit. 
Triginta  rectores  rei  publicae  constituuntur,  Laced aemo- 
niis 9  et  Lysandro  dediti,  qui  brevi  tyrannidem  in  cives 
exercere  coeperunt. 


1  545,  3.  4  295,  3.  7  495,  1, 

2  386,  2.  6  414,  4,  8  509. 
a  589.                            6  518,  IL                       "  384. 


88  LATIN   READEE. 

ThrasyJ)ulu8  occupies  Phyle,  404  B.  C. 

228.  Qimm  triginta  tyranni,  praepositi  a  Lacedae- 
moniis,  servitute  oppressas  tenerent  Athenas,  Thrasy- 
biilus  Phylen *  confugit,  quod9  est  castellura  in  Attica 
munitissimum,  qimm  non  plus  secum  haberet,'  quam 
triginta  de  suis.  Hinc,  viribus  paulatim  auctis,  in  Pirae- 
um  transiit,4  Munychiamque  munivdt.  Hanc  bis  tyranui 
oppugnare  sunt  adorti,  ab  eaque  turpiter  repulsi  protinus 
in  urbem,  armis  impedimentisque  amissis,  refugerunt. 
In  secundo  proelio  cecidit 6  Critias,  triginta  tyrannorum 
acerrimus.6 

Epaminondas.— Battle  o/Leuctra,  371  B.  C. :  of  Mantinea,  362  B.  C. 

229.  Epaminondas,  dux  Thebanus,  apud  Leuctra 
superavit  Lacedaemonios.  Idem  imperator  apud  Man- 
tineam  graviter  vulneratus  concidit.7  Hujus  casu  ali- 
quantum8  retardati  sunt  Boeotii,  neque  tamen  prius 
pugna*  excesserunt,  quam10  hostes  profligarunt.11  At 
Epaminondas  quum  animadverteret,  mortiferum  se  vul- 
nus  accepisse,  simulque,  si  ferrum,  quod  ex  hastlli ia  in 
corpore  remanserat,  extraxisset,13  animam  statim  •emissa- 
rum,  usque  eo  retinuit,  quoad  renuntiatum  est,  vicisse  M 
Boeotios.  Id  postquam audivit,  " Satis"  inquit,  M  vixif 
invictus  enim  morior"  Turn,  ferro  extracto,  confestim 
exanimatus  est. 


1  50,  379. 

8  163,  1. 

11  234. 

8  445,  4. 

7  255,  I.  4. 

"63. 

«  518,  II. 

8  335,  4. 

13  533,  3. 

4  295,  3. 

9  434,  1. 

u  549. 

1  273,  I. 

10  528,  2,  2). 

GRECIAN    HISTORY.  89 


Period  III. — Graeco-Macedonian  Empire. 

PROM   THE  ACCESSION   OF   PHILIP   TO   THE   DEATH   OP   ALEXANDER,    323   B.  C. 

Decline  of  the  Grecian  States. — Rise  of  the  Macedonian  Power. 

230.  Post  Leuctricam  pugnam  Lacedaemonii  se 
nunquam  refecerunt ;  et  Thebae,  quod,1  quamdiu  Epa- 
minondas  praefuit  rei  publicae3  caput  fuit  totius  Grae- 
ciae,  post  ejus  interitum  perpetuo  alieno  paruerunt  im- 
perio.  Athenienses,  non  ut  olim  in  classem  et  exercitum, 
sed  in  dies  festos  apparatusque  ludorum  reditus  publicos 
effundebant,  frequentiusque  in  theatris  quam  in  castris 
versabantur.  Quibus  rebus  effectum  est,  ut  obscurum 
antea  Macedonum  nomen  emergeret ; 3  et  Philippus,  obses 
triennio4  Thebis  habitus  in  Epaminondae  domo,  hujus 
praestantissimi  viri  et  Pelopidae  yirtutibus  eruditus, 
Graeciae  servitutis  jugum  imponeret. 

Extension  of  Philip's  poicer. 

231,  Philippus,  quum  magnam  gloriam  apud  omnes 
nationes  adeptus  esset,5  Oljntliios  aggreditur.  Hanc  ur- 
bem  antiquam  et  nobilem  exscindit,  et  praeda 6  ingenti 
fruitur.  Inde  auraria  in  Thessalia,  argenti  metalla  in 
Thracia  occiipat.  His  ita  gestis,  forte  evenit,  ut  eurn 
fratres  duo,  reges  Thraciae,  disceptationum  suarum  judi- 
cem 7  eligerent.3  Sed  Philippus  ad  judicium,  velut  ad 
bellum,  instructo  exercitu8  supervenit,  et  regno9  utrum- 
que  spoliavit. 

1  445,  4.  4  378,  1.  7  373. 

2  386.  6  283.  e  414,  7. 

3  495,  2.  6  419,  I.  9  419,  2. 


90  LATIN   READER. 

Battle  of  Ohceronea,  338  B.  C. 

232,  Qumn,  in  Scythiam  praedandi J  causa  profec- 
tus,3  Scythas  dolo  vicisset,  diu  dissimulatum  bellum 
Atheniensibus  infert,3  quorum  causae  Thebani  se  junxe- 
runt.  Proelio  ad  Chaeroneam  commisso,  quum  Atheni- 
enses  longe  majore  militum  numero  praestarent,4  taraen 
assiduis  bellis 6  indurata  Macedonum  virtiite  vincuntur. 
Non  tamen  immemores  pristinae  virtutis '  ceciderunt ; 
quippe  adversis  vulneribus7  omues  loca,  quae  tuenda8  a 
ducibus  acceperant,  morientes  corporibus  texerunt.  Hie 
dies  universae  Graeciae  et 8  gloriam  dominations  et  ve- 
tustissimam  libertatem  finlvit. 

Philip  prepares  to  invade  Persia. 

233,  Hujus  victoriae  callide  dissimulata  laetitia  est. 
Non  solita 10  sacra  Philippus  ilia  die  fecit ;  non  in  convi- 
vio  risit ; "  non  coronas  aut  unguenta  sumpsit ;  et,  quan- 
tum in  illo  fuit,  ita  vicit,  ut  victorem  nemo  sentlret.1* 
Atheniensibus  et  captivos  gratis  remisit,  et  bello  con- 
sumptorum 10  corpora  sepulttirae  reddidit.  Compositis  in 
Graecia  rebus,  omnium  civitatum  legiitos  ad  formandum 
rerum  praesentium  statum I3  evocari  Corinthum 14  jubet. 
Ibi  pacis  leges  universae  Graeciae  pro  mentis  singularum 
civitatum  statuit,  conciliumque  omnium,  veliiti  unum 
senatum,"  ex  omnibus  legit.  Auxilia  deinde  singularum 
civitatum  describuntur ;  nee  dubium  erat,  eum  i" 
rum  imperium  et  suis  et  Graeciae  viribus  impugnaturum 
esse. 


'66Z. 

6  399,  2,  2). 

11  269. 

2  283. 

'428. 

"494. 

3  292,  2. 

8  578,  V. 

"  565,  1. 

4  518,  I. 

9  587,  I.  5. 

M379. 

6  414,  4. 

10  575. 

16  363. 

GRECIAN   HISTORY.  91 

Death  of  Philip,  336  B.  Q. 

234.  Interea  dum  auxilia  e  Graecia  coeunt,1  imptias 
Cleopatrae  filiae,  et  Alexandri,  quern  regem  Eplri  fece- 
rat,  magno  apparatu3  celebrat.  Ubi  quum  Philippus 
ad  ludos  spectandos,  medius  inter  duos  Alexandras, 
filium  et  generum,  contenderet,3  Pausanias,  nobilis  ex 
Macedonibus  adolescens,  occupatis  angustiis,  Philippum 
in  transitu  obtruncat.  Hie  ab  Attalo  indigno  modo 
tractatus,  quum  saepe  querelam  ad  Philippum  frustra 
detulisset,4  et  honoratum  insiiper  adversarium  videret, 
iram  in  ipsum  Philippum  vertit,  ultionemque,  quam  ab 
adversario  non  poterat,  ab  iniquo  judice  exegit. 

Alexander  the  Great  succeeds  to  the  Macedonian  Throne,  336  B.C. 

235,  Philippo 5  Alexander  Alius  successit,  et  virtute6 
et  vitiis  patre  major.  Yincendi  ratio  utrlque 7  diversa. 
Hie  8  aperta  vi,  ille  artibus  bella  tractabat.  Deceptis 9 
ille  gaudere10  hostibus,11  hie  palam  fusis.  Prudentior 
ille  consilio,  hie  ammo  magnificentior.13  Iram  pater  dis- 
simulate, plerumque  etiam  vincere ;  hie  ubi  exarsisset,13 
nee  dilatio  ultionis,  nee  modus  erat.  Yini14  uterque 
nimis  avidus ;  sed  ebrietatis  diversa  ratio.  Pater  de  con- 
vivio  in  hostem  procurrere,  manum  conserere,  periciilis 
se  temere  offerre ;  Alexander  non  in  hostem,  sed  in  suos 
saevlre.  Regnare  ille  cum  amlcis  volebat ;  hie  in  amlcos 
regna  exercebat.  Amari  pater  malle,  hie  metui.  Lit- 
terarum  cultus  utrlque  similis.  Sollertiae  l5  pater  ma- 
juris,  hie  h'dei.     Yerbis  atque  oratione  Philippus,  hie 


1  295,  3. 

6  429. 

n  414,  2. 

2  414,  3. 

7  387. 

12  164. 

3  518,  II. 

8  450,  2,  1). 

13  486,  5. 

4  292,  2. 

9  580. 

14  399,  2,  2). 

6  386. 

10  545,  1. 

15  401,  403. 

92  LATIN    READER. 

rebus  moderation  Parcendi  victis '  n'lio  animus  promp- 
tior ;  ille  nee  sociis 3  abstinebat.  Frugalitati  pater,  lux- 
uriae  filius  magis  deditus  erat.  Quibus*  artibus  orbis 
imperii  fundamenta  pater  jecit,  operis  totlus  gloriam 
Ulius  cousummavit. 

Beginning  of  Alexander's  Reign. 

236.  Imperio  suscepto,  prima  Alexandro  cura  pater- 
narum  exsequiarum  fuit ;  in  quibus  ante  omnia  caedis  * 
conscios  ad  tumulum  patris  occldi  jussit.  Inter  initia 
regni  multas  gentes  rebellantes  compescuit ;  *  orientes 
nonnullas  seditiones  exstinxit.  Deinde  ad  Persicum 
bellum  proficiscens,  patrimonium  omne  suum,  quod  in 
Macedonia  et  Europa  habebat,  amicis  divisit ;  ribi 8 
Asiam  sufficere  praefatus.7  Xec  exercitui8  alius  quam 
regi  animus  fuit.  Quippe  omnes  obllti  conjugum9  libe- 
rorumque,  et  longinquae  a  domo  militiae,  nihil  cogi- 
tabant  nisi  Orientis  opes.  Quum  delati 10  in  Asiam 
essent,  primus  "  Alexander  jaculum  velut  in  hostllem 
terrain  jecit ;  armatusque  de  navi ia  tripudianti  n  similis 
prosiluit,14  atque  ita  hostias  caedit,  preciitus,  ne  se  regem 
illae  terrae  invltae ,6  accipiant.18  In  Ilio  quoque  ad  tu- 
mulosberoum,17  qui  Trojano  bello  ceciderant,  parentavit. 

Battle  of  the  Grariicus,  334  B.  C. 

237.  Inde  liostem  petens  militesa  populatione  Asiao 
prolnbuit,  parcendum  18  suis  rebus  praefatus,  nee  per- 


«  385,  575. 

7  297,  II.  3. 

15  575,  391,  1. 

■  425,  2. 

8  387. 

M285. 

'  453. 

8  406. 

16  443,  1. 

*  399,  2,  2). 

10  292,  2. 

16  492,  3. 

6  275, 1. 

11  442,  1. 

"68. 

•386. 

"62,111. 

18  545,  3. 

GRECIAN   HISTORY.  93 

denda  ea,  quae  jpossessuri '  venerint.  In  exercitu  ejus 
fuere  peditum  triginta  duo  millia,  equitum  quattuor 
millia  quingenti,  naves  centum  octoginta  duae.  Hac 
tarn  parva  manu  universum  terrarum  orbem3  vincere 
est  aggressus.  Quum  ad  tam  periculosum  bellum  exer- 
citum  legeret,3  non  juvenes  robustos,  sed  veteranos,  qui 
cum  patre  patruisque  militaverant,  elegit :  ut  non  tarn 
milites,  quam  magistros  militiae  electos  putares.4  Prima 
cum  hoste  congressio  in  campis  Adrastlae  fuit.  In  acie 
Persarum  sexcenta  millia  militum  fuerunt,  quae  non 
minus  arte  Alexandri  quam  virtute  Macedonum  super- 
ata,  terga  verterunt.  Itaque  magna  caedes  Persarum 
fuit.  De  exercitu  Alexandri  novem  pedites,  centum 
viginti  equites  cecidere ;  quos  rex  magnif  ice  humatos 
statuis  equestribus  donavit ;  cognatis  eorum  autem  im- 
munitates  dedit.  Post  victoriam  major 5  pars  Asiae  ad 
eum  defecit.  Habuit  et  plura6  proelia  cum  praefectis 
Darli,  quos  jam  non  tam  armis,  quam  terrore  nominis 
sui  vicit. 

Battle  oflssus,  333  B.  0. 

238.  Interea  Darius  cum  quadringentis  millibus 
peditum  ac  centum  millibus  equitum  in  aciem  procedit. 
Commisso  proelio,  Alexander  non  ducis  magis  quam 
militis  munia7  exsequebatur.  Macedones  cum  rege 
ipso  in  equitum  agmen  irrumpunt.  Turn  vero  similis 
rulnae  strages  erat.  Circa  currum  Darli  jacebant  nobi- 
lissimi  duces,  ante  oculos  regis  egregia  morte8  defuncti. 
Jamque  qui  Darium  vebebant  equi,  confossi  hastis  et 
dolore  efferilti,  jugum  quatere  et  regem  curru8  excutere 


1  578,  Y.  4  486,  4.  7  131,  4.) 

»  107,  2.  6  165.  8  419,  I. 

3  518,  II.  6  165,  1.  •  434,  L 


94  LATIN   READER. 

coeperant :  quum  ille,  veritus  ne  vivus  venlret '  in  hos- 
tium  potestatem,  desilit,3  et  in  equum,  qui  ad  hoc  ipsum 
sequebatur,  imponitur.  Turn  vero  ceteri  dissipantur 
metu.  Inter  captlvos  castrorum  mater  et  uxor  et  filiae 
duae  Darli  fuere :  in  quas  Alexander  ita  se  gessit,3  ut 
omnes  ante  eum  reges  et  continentia*  et  dementia 
vinceret.5 

Alexander  in  Egypt,  332  B.  C. — He  visits  the  Temple  of  Jupiter 
Ammon. 

239.  Aegyptii,  olim  Persarum  opibus  infensi,  Alcx- 
andrum  laeti a  receperunt.  A  Memphi7  rex  in  interiora8 
penetrat ;  compositisque  rebus  ita,  ut  nihil  ex  patrio 
Aegyptiorum  more  mutaret,  adlre  Jovis  Ammonis  ora- 
culum9  statuit.  Quatriduo  per  vastas  solitudmes  ab^ 
sumpto,  tandem  ad  sedem  consecratam  deo10  ventum 
est,11  undique  ambientibus  ramis  contectam.  Eegem  pn> 
pius  adeuntem  maximus  natu13  e  sacerdotibus  rrLiuM  ap< 
pellat,  hoc  nomen  illiparentem  Jovem  reddere  affirmans. 
Ille  se  vero  et  accipere  ait 1S  et  agnoscere,  humanae  scr- 
tis14  oblitus.  Consiilit  deinde,  an  totlus  orbis  imperium 
Bibi  destinaret I6  pater.  Aeque  in  adulationem  composi- 
tus,  terrarum  omnium  rectorem  fore  ostendit.  Post  haec 
institit  quaerere,  an  omnes  parentis  sui  interfectores 
poenas  dedissent.  Sacerdos  parentem  ejus  negat  ullius 
scelere  posse  violari,  Philippi  autem  omnes  luisse  sup- 
plicia.  Sacrificio  deinde  facto,  dona  et  sacerdotibus  ct 
deo  data,18  permissumque  amicis,  ut  ipsi  quoque  consu. 
lerent  "  Jovem.     Nihil  amplius  quaesiverunt,  quam  an 


1  492,  4. 

7  62,  II.  2. 

13  297,  II.  1. 

a  467,  III. 

•441,  1. 

14  406,  II. 

3  272,  L 

9  371,  4. 

16  525. 

4  429. 

10  384. 

16  460,  3. 

6  494. 

11  301,  1. 

17  492. 

•413,  1. 

18  168,  3. 

GRECIAN   HISTORY.  95 

atictor  esset  sibi  divlnis  honoribus  colendi'  suum  regem. 
Hoc  quoque  acceptum  fore  Jovi 2  vates  respond  it.  Rex 
ex  Ammone  rediens3  elegit  urbi  locum,  ubi  nunc  est 
Alexandria,  appellationem  trahens  ex  nomine  auctoris. 

Darius  makes  his  last  proposals  of  Peace. 

240.  Jam  Darius  pervenerat  Arbela*  vicum,  nobi- 
lem  sua  clade  facturus.  Earo  in  ullo  proelio  tantum 
sanguinis6  fusum  est.  Tandem  Darli  aurlga,  qui  ante 
ipsum  sedens  equos  regebat,  hasta  transfixus  est;  nee 
aut  Persae  aut  Macedones  dubitavere,  quin  ipse  rex  esset 
occlsus.8  Cedere7  Persae,  et  laxare  ordines ;  jamque  non 
pugna,  sed  caedes  erat,  quum  Darius  quoque  currum 
suum  in  fugam  vertit ;  victori  Alexandro  Asiae  impe- 
rium  obtigit.8 

Disturbances  in  Greece. 

241,  Dum  haec  in  Asia  gerebantur,  Graecia  fere 
omnis,  spe  recuperandae  libertatis,1  ad  arma  concurrerat, 
auctoritatem  Lacedaemoniorum  secuta.  Dux  hujus  belli 
Agis,  rex  Lacedaemoniorum,  fuit.  Quern9  motum  Anti- 
pater,  dux10  ab  Alexandro  in  Macedonia  relictus,  in  ipso 
ortu  oppressit.  Magna  tamen  utrimque  caedes  fuit. 
Agis  rex,  quum  suos  terga  dantes  videret,  dimissis  satel- 
litibus11  ut  Alexandro  felicitate,  non  virtute  inferior 
videretur,13  tantam  stragem  hostium  edidit,13  ut  agmma 
interdum  fugaret.  Ad  postremum,  etsi  a  multitudine 
victus,  gloria  tamen  omnes  vicit. 


1  563. 

6  498. 

10  362,  3. 

2  391. 

7  545,  1. 

11  81. 

8  295,  3. 

•  273,  r. 

K  491. 

4  379. 

8  453. 

13  273,  I. 

■  396,  III. 

90  LATIN   READER. 

Alexander  invades  India. 

242.  Post  haec  Indiam  petit,  ut  Oceano  fhriret  hm 
perium.  Cui  gloriae  ut.  etiam  exercitus  ornamenta  con- 
venirent,  phaleras  equorum  et  arma  militum  argento 
inducit.  Quum  ad  Nysam  urbem  venisset,  oppidanis ' 
non  repugnantibus  parci  jussit. 

Alexander  returns  to  Babylon,  324  B.  C. 

243.  Ab  ultimis9  oris  Oceani  Babyloniam  reversus, 
convivium  solemniter  instituit.  Ibi  quum  totus s  in  lae~ 
titiam  effusus  esset,  recedentem  jam  e  convivio  Medius 
Thessalus,  instaurata  comissatione  invltat.  Accepto  po- 
ciilo,  inter  bibendum*  veliiti  telo  contixus  ingemuit, 
elatusque  e  convivio  semianimis,  tanto  dolore  cruciatus 
est,  ut  ferrum  in  remedia  posceret.5  Venenum  accepisse 
creditur. 

Death  of  Alexander,  323  B.  C. 

244.  Quartii  die  Alexander  indubitatam  mortem 
sentiens,  agnoscere  se  fatum  domus  majorum  sudrum, 
ait,  namjplerosque  Aeaciddrum  intra  tricesimum  annum 
defunctos.  T  umultuantes  deinde  mill tes,  insidiis  periisse  * 
regem  suspicantes,  ipse  sedavit,  eosque  omnes  ad  con- 
spectnm  suum  admlsit,  osculandamque7  dextram  por- 
rexit.8  Quum  lacrimarent 9  omnes,  ipse  non  sine  lacrimis 
tantum,  verum  etiam  sine  ullo  tristioris  mentis  argu- 
mento  fuit.  \  Ad  postremum  corpus  suum  in  Ammonis 
templo  condi  jubet.  Quum  deficerc  cum  amici  vidcreut, 
quaerunt,  quern  imperii    faciat  heredem ; ,0   respondit, 


'sss. 

6  494. 

8  214,  I.  1. 

8  166. 

8  295,  3. 

9  518,  I. 

3  443. 

7  578,  V. 

10  373. 

*  565, 1. 

GRECIAN   HISTORY.  97 

Dignisslmum.  Hac  voce  omnes  amicos  suos  ad  aemu- 
lam  regni  cupiditatem  accendit.  Sexta  die,  praeclusa 
voce,  exemptum  digito1  annulum  Perdiccae  tradidit, 
quae  res  gliscentem  amicorum  discordiam  sedavit.  Nam 
etsi  non  voce  nuncupatus  heres,2  judicio  tamen  electus  * 
esse  videbatur. 

Remarks  on  the  character  of  Alexander. 

245.  Decessit  Alexander  mensem  unura  tres  et  tri- 
ginta  annos 4  natus,  vir  supra  humanum  modum  vi 6  ani- 
mi  praeditus.  Omina  quaedam  magnitudinem  ejus  in 
ipso  ortu  portendisse  existimabantur.  Quo  die  natus 
est,  pater  ejus  nuntium  duarum  victoriarum  accepit ; 
alterius,  belli  Illyrici,  alterius,  certaminis  Olympiaci,  in 
quod  quadrlgas  miserat.  Puer  acerrimis  litterarum  stu- 
diis  erudltus  fuit.  Exacta  pueritia,  per  quinquennium 
Aristotele,  philosopho  praestantissimo,  usus  est  magistro. 
Accepto  tandem  imperio  tantam  militibus  suis  fiduciam 
fecit,  ut,  illo  praesente,  nullius  hostis  arma  timerent.8 
Itaque  cum  nullo  lioste  unquam  congressus  est,  quern 
non  vicerit ; 7  nullam  urbem  obsedit,  quam  non  expug- 
naverit.  Yictus  demque  est  non  virtute  hostlli,  sed  in- 
sidiis  su3rum  et  fraude. 


1  434,  1.  *  378.  6  494. 

a  362,  3.  6  419,  in.  T  601,  1. 

*H1. 


SUGGESTIONS  TO  THE  LEAEISTER. 


I.  The  preparation  of  a  Reading  Lesson  in  Latin  involves 

1.  A  knowledge  of  the  Meaning  of  the  Latin. 

2.  A  knowledge  of  the  Structure  of  the  Latin  Sentences. 

3.  A  translation  into  English. 

Meaning  op  the  Latin. 

II.  Kemember  that  almost  every  inflected  word  in  a  Latin  sen- 
tence requires  the  use  of  both  the  Dictionary  and  the  Grammar  to 
ascertain  its  meaning. 

The  Dictionary  gives  the  meaning  of  the  word  without  reference  to  its  Grammati- 
cal properties  of  cam,  number,  mood,  tense,  etc.,  and  the  Grammar,  the  meaning  of  the 
endings  which  mark  those  properties.  The  Dictionary  will  give  the  meaning  of 
mensa,  a  table,  but  not  of  mensdrum,  of  tables ;  the  Grammar  alone  will  give  the  force 
of  the  ending  arum. 

III.  Make  yourself  so  familiar  with  all  the  endings  of  inflection, 
with  their  exact  form  and  force,  whether  in  declension  or  conjuga- 
tion, that  you  will  not  only  readily  distinguish  the  different  parts 
of  speech  from  each  other,  but  also  the  different  forms  of  the  same 
word  with  their  exact  and  distinctive  force. 

IV.  In  taking  up  a  Latin  sentence, 

1.  Notice  carefully  the  endings  of  the  several  words,  and  thus 
determine  which  words  are  nouns,  which  verbs,  etc. 

2.  Observe  the  force  of  each  ending,  and  thus  determine  case, 
number,  voice,  mood,  tense,  etc. 

This  will  be  found  to  be  a  very  important  step  toward  the  mastery  of  the  sentence. 
By  this  means  you  will  discover  not  only  the  relation  of  the  words  to  each  other,  but 
also  an  important  part  of  their  meaning,  that  which  they  derive  from  their  endings. 

Y.  The  key  to  the  meaning  of  any  simple  sentence  (345,  I.)  will 
be  found  in  the  simple  subject  and  predicate,  i.  e.,  in  the  Nominative 
and  its  Verb.  Hence  in  looking  out  the  sentence,  observe  the  fol- 
lowing order.    Take 

1.  The  Subject,  or  Nominative. 


100  LATIN  READER. 

The  ending  will  in  most  instances  enable  you  to  distinguish  this  from  all  other 
words,  except  the  adjectives  which  agree  with  it  These  may  be  looked  out  at  the 
same  time  with  the  subject. 

Sometimes  the  subject  is  not  expressed,  but  only  implied,  in  the  ending  of  the  verb. 
It  may  then  be  readily  supplied,  as  it  is  always  a  pronoun  of  6uch  person  and  number 
as  the  verb  indicates;  as,  audio,  I  hear,  the  ending  to  showing  that  the  subject  is  ego; 
uudltiti,  you  hear,  the  ending  itis  showing  that  the  subject  is  tos. 

2.  The  Verb,  with  Predicate  Noun  or  Adjective,  if  any. 

This  will  be  readily  known  by  the  ending.  Now  combining  this  with  the  Subject, 
you  will  have  an  outline  of  the  sentence.  All  the  other  words  must  now  be  associated 
with  these  two  parts. 

3.  The  Modifiers  of  the  Subject,  i.  e.,  adjectives  agreeing  with  it, 
nominatives  in  apposition  with  it,  genitives  dependent  upon  it,  etc. 

But  perhaps  some  of  these  have  already  been  looked  out  in  the  attempt  to  ascertain 
the  subject 

In  looking  out  these  words,  bear  in  mind  the  meaning  of  the  subject  to  which  they 
belong.  This  will  greatly  aid  you  in  selecting  from  the  dictionary  the  true  meaning  in 
the  passage  before  you. 

4.  The  Modifiers  of  the  Verb,  i.  e.,  (1)  Oblique  cases,  Accusatives, 
Datives,  etc.,  dependent  upon  it,  and  (2)  Adverbs  qualifying  it. 

Bear  in  mind  all  the  while  the  force  of  the  case  and  the  meaning  of  the  verb,  that 
you  may  be  able  to  select  for  each  word  the  true  meaning  in  the  passage  before  you. 

VI.  In  complex  and  compound  sentences  (345,  II.,  III.),  dis- 
cover first  the  connectives  which  unite  the  several  members,  and 
then  proceed  with  each  member  as  with  a  simple  sentence. 

VII.  In  the  use  of  Dictionary  and  Vocabulary,  remember  that 
you  are  not  to  look  for  the  particular  form  which  occurs  in  the  sen- 
tence, but  for  the  Nom.  Sing,  of  nouns,  adjectives,  and  pronouns, 
and  for  the  First  Pers.  Sing.  Pres.  Indie.  Act.  of  Verbs.    Therefore, 

1.  In  Pronouns,  make  yourself  so  familiar  with  their  declension, 
hat  any  oblique  case  will  at  once  suggest  the  Nom.  Sing. 

If  volts  occurs,  you  must  remember  that  the  Nom.  Sing,  is  tu. 

2.  In  Nouns  and  Adjectives,  make  yourself  so  familiar  with  the 
case-endings,  that  you  will  be  able  to  drop  that  of  the  given 

and  substitute  for  it  that  of  the  Nom.  Sing. 

Thus,  mensibus:  stem  mensi,  Nom.  Sing,  mensis,  which  you  will  find  in  the  Vo- 
cabulary.   So  duce;w,  due,  dues,  diu-. 


SUGGESTIONS   TO   THE   LEARNER.  101 

3.  In  Verbs,  change  the  ending  of  the  given  form  into  that  of  the 
First  Pers.  Sing,  of  the  Pres.  Indie.  Act. 

Thus,  amabat;  stem  ama,  First  Pers.  Sing.  Pres.  Indie.  Act.  amo,  which  you  will 
find  in  the  Vocabulary.  So  amaverunt;  First  Pers.  Perf.  amavi,  Perf.  stem  amav, 
Verb  stem  ama  ;  amo. 

To  illustrate  the  steps  recommended  in  the  preceding  suggestions,  we  add  the 
following 

Model. 
VIII.  Themistocles  imperutor  servitute  totam  Graeciam  libera vit. 

1.  Without  knowing  the  meaning  of  the  words,  you  will  discover  from 
their  forms, 

1)  That  Themistocles  and  imperdtor  are  probably  nouns  in  the  Nom.  Sing. 

2)  That  servitute  is  a  noun  in  the  Abl.  Sing. 

3)  That  totam  and  Graeciam  are  either  nouns  or  adjectives  in  the  Accus. 
Sing. 

4)  That  liberdvit  is  a  verb  in  the  Act.  voice,  Indie,  mood,  Perf.  tense, 
Third  Person,  Singular  number. 

2.  Now,  turning  to  the  Vocabulary  for  the  meaning  of  the  words,  you 
will  learn, 

1)  That  Themistocles  is  the  name  of  an  eminent  Athenian  general: 
Themistocles. 

2)  That  libero,  for  which  you  must  look,  not  for  liberdvit,  means  to  liber' 

die  :  LIBERATED. 

Themistocles  liberated. 

3)  That  imperdtor  means  commander;  the  commander. 

Themistocles,  the  commander,  liberated. 

4)  That  Graeciam  is  the  name  of  a  country :  Greece. 

Themistocles  the  commander  liberated  Greece. 

5)  That  totus  means  the  whole,  all :  all. 

Themistocles  the  commander  liberated  all  Greece. 

6)  That  servitus  means  servitude :  from  servitude. 

Themistocles  the  commander  liberated  all  Greece  from  servitude. 


Structure  of  the  Latest  Sentence. 

IX.  The  structure  of  a  sentence  is  best  shown  by  analyzing  it 
and  parsing  the  words  which  compose  it. 

Analysis. 

X.  Tell  whether  the  sentence  is  simple,  complex,  or  compound, 

XL  In  analyzing  a  Simple  sentence  (345,  I.),  name, 
1.  The  Subject  and  Predicate,  (1)  in  the  simple  form,  and  (2)  ia 
the  complex  form  (347,  350). 


102  LATIN   READER. 

2.  The  Modifiers  of  the  Subject,  (1)  in  the  simple  form,  and  (2) 
in  the  complex  form  (352). 

3.  The  Modifiers  of  the  Predicate,  (1)  in  the  simple  form,  and 
(2)  in  the  complex  form  (354-356). 

If  the  Modifiers  are  complex,  the  analyses  may  be  continued  till  all  complex  clr 
ments  arc  explained. 

Model. 

XII.  In  his  castris  Cluilius,  Albanus  rex,  moritur.  Cluilius, 
the  Allan  king,  dies  in  this  camp. 

1.  This  is  a  simple  sentence. 

2.  Cluilius  is  the  simple  subject,  and  moritur,  the  simple  predicate. 
Cluilius  Albanw  rex,  is  the  complex  subject,  and  in  his  castris  moritur  is 
the  complex  predicate. 

8.  Hex  is  the  simple  modifier  of  the  subject  Cluilius,  and  Albanus  rex, 
the  complex  modifier,  as  rex  is  modified  by  Albanus. 

4.  In  castris  is  the  simple  modifier  of  the  predicate  moritur,  showing 
where  he  dies,  and  in  his  castris  is  the  complex  modifier,  as  castris  is  modi- 
fied by  his. 

XIII.  In  analyzing  a  Complex  sentence  (345,  II.), 

1.  Name  the  sentence,  or  clause,1  used  as  an  element  in  it  with 
its  connective  (357). 

2.  Analyze  the  sentence  as  a  whole,  like  a  simple  sentence. 
8.  Analyze  the  subordinate  clause  (345,  2). 

Model. 

XIV.  Donee  eris  felix,  multos  numerabis  amicos.  So  long  as 
you  are  prosperous,  you  will  number  many  friends, 

1.  This  is  a  complex  sentence. 

2.  Donee  eris  felix,  is  a  clause  introduced  as  a  modifier  of  numerabis, 
showing  when  you  will  number. 

8.  Tu,  implied  in  numerabis,  is  the  subject;  numerabis  is  the  simple 
predicate,  donee  eris  felix,  multos  numerabis  amicos  is  the  complex  predicate. 

4.  Amicos  is  the  simple  object  of  the  predicate  numerabis,  and  mxdiot 
amicos  the  complex  object.  Donee  eris  felix  is  the  adverbial  modifier  of  the 
predicate. 

5.  Donee  eris  felix  is  a  simple  sentence,  with  the  connective  donee.  Tu, 
implied  in  eris,  is  the  subject,  and  eris  felix,  the  predicate,  eris  being  the 
copula  (353)  &ndfdix  the  predicate  adjective. 

1  If  the  sentence  is  abridged,  show  wherein  (358,  850)i 


SUGGESTIONS   TO   THE   LEAENER.  103 

XV.  In  analyzing  a  Compound  sentence  (345,  III.), 

1.  Separate  it  into  its  members  and  name  the  connectives.1 

2.  Analyze  each  member  as  a  separate  sentence. 

Model. 

XVI.  Sol  ruit  et  montes  umbrantur. 

The  sun  descends  and  the  mountains  are  shaded. 

1.  This  is  a  compound  sentence  (345,  III.). 

2.  The  members  are  sol  ruit  and  montes  umbrantur,  connected  by  the 
conjunction  et. 

3.  The  members  are  simple  sentences,  and  are  analyzed  accordingly. 

Parsing. 

XVII.  Id  parsing  a  word, 

1.  Name  the  Part  of  Speech  to  which  it  belongs. 

2.  Inflect 3  it,  if  capable  of  inflection. 

3.  Give  its  gender,  number,  case,  voice,  mood,  tense,  person, 
etc.3 

4.  Give  its  Syntax  and  the  Eule  for  it.4 

Model. 

XVIII.  Romuni  ab  aratro  abduxerunt  Cincinnfttum,  ut  dictator 
esset,  The  Romans  took  Cincinnatus  from  the  plough,  that  he  might 
be  dictator. 

1.  Pomdni  is  an  adjective:  Romanus,  a,  urn,  stem,  Romano;  decline. 
It  is  in  the  Nom.  Plur.  Masc,  is  used  substantively  (441),  and  is  the  subject 
of  abduxerunt.    Give  Eule  III. 

2.  Abduxerunt  is  an  active  verb :  ab-duco,  ab-ducere,  ab-duxi,  ab-ductum, 
compounded  of  ab  and  duco  (313,  II.) ;  stem,  ab-duc,  perfect  stem,  ab-dux. 
Give  synopsis  of  the  mood  (219, 1.).  Inflect  the  tense,  i.  e.,  the  Indicative 
Perf.  Act.  (209).  It  is  in  the  Active  voice,  Indie,  mood,  Per/,  tense,  Third 
person,  Plur.  number,  and  agrees  with  Bomdni.    Give  Eule  XXXV. 

3.  Cincinndtum  is  a  Proper  noun  (39,  1),  of  the  Second  Decl. ;  stem 


1  If  the  sentence  is  abridged,  name  the  compound  elements. 

3  Inflect,  i.  e.,  decline,  compare  or  conjugate. 

s  That  is,  such  of  these  properties  as  it  possesses. 

*  No  special  Eule  is  deemed  necessary  for  Prepositions,  Conjunctions,  or  Interjec- 
tions. Prepositions  are  provided  for  by  the  rule  for  Oases  with  Prepositions.  Con- 
junctions are  mere  connectives,  and  are  quite  fully  explained  under  Moods. 
Interjections  are  only  expressions  of  emotion,  or  mere  marks  of  address,  explaineo 
under  Cases. 


104  LATIN   READER. 

Cincinnato  ;  decline,  used  only  in  the  singular  (130,  1).     It  is  in  the  Accus. 
Sing.  Masc,  and  is  the  direct  object  of  abduxerunt.    Give  Rule  V. 

4.  Ab  is  a  preposition  used  with  the  Abl.  Aratro. 

5.  Aratro  is  a  noun  of  the  Second  Decl. ;  stem  aratro  ;  decline.  It  is  in 
the  Abl.  Sing.  Neut.,  and  is  used  with  the  Prep.  ab.    Give  Rule  XXXII. 

6.  Vt  is  a  conjunction  of  purpose  (4=91),  connecting  abduxerunt  and  esset. 

7.  Esset  is  an  intransitive  verb :  sum,  esse,fui  (204).  Give  synopsis  of  the 
mood,  and  inflect  the  tense,  i.  e.,  Subj.  Imperf.  It  is  in  the  Subj.  mood,  Im- 
perf.  tense,  Third  person,  Sing,  number,  and  agrees  with  the  pronoun  is, 
he,  implied  in  the  ending  (460,  2).    Give  Rule  XXXV. 

8.  Dictator  is  a  noun  of  the  Third  Decl. ;  stem  dictator;  decline  (60).  It 
is  in  the  Nom.  Sing.  Masc,  and  agrees,  as  Predicate  noun,  with  the  omitted 
subject  of  esset.    Give  Rule  I. 

Translation. 

XIX.  In  translating,  render  as  literally  as  possible  without  doing 
violence  to  the  English. 

In  many  important  idioms  of  tbe  Latin,  a  literal  translation  would  not 
only  fail  to  do  justice  to  the  original,  but  would  also  be  a  gross  perversion 
of  the  mother-tongue.  The  following  suggestions  are  intended  to  aid  the 
pupil  in  disposing  of  such  cases ;  but  even  in  these,  it  is  earnestly  recom- 
mended that  he  should  first  construe  literally,  in  order  that  he  may  be  made 
to  feel  the  force  of  the  Latin  construction  before  attempting  a  translation. 


Participles. 

XX.  These  are  much  more  extensively  used  in  Latin  than  in 
English ;  hence  the  frequent  necessity,  in  translating  them,  of  devi- 
ating from  the  Latin  construction.  They  may  generally  be  rendered 
in  some  one  of  the  following  ways '  (571-581) : 

1.  Literally: 

Pyrrhus  proelio  fusus  a  Tarento  recessit,  Pyrrhus  having  bem  defeated 
in  battle  withdrew  from  Tarentum. 

2.  By  a  Relative  Clause : 

Omncs  aliud  agentes,  aliud  simulantes  imprSbi  sunt,  All  who  do  out 
thing  and  pretend  another  are  dishonest. 

3.  By  a  Clause  with  a  Conjunction : 


x  The  pupil  must  early  learn  to  determine  from  tho  context  the  appropriate  render- 
ing In  each  Instance. 


SUGGESTIONS   TO  THE  LEARNER.  105 

1).  With  a  Conjunction  of  Time, — while,  when,  after,  etc. 

Uva  maturata  dulcescit,  The  grape,  when  it  has  ripened  (having  ripened), 
becomes  sweet. 

2).  With  a  Conjunction  of  Cause,  Eeason,  Manner, — as,  for, 
since,  etc. 

Milites  perfidiam  veriti  reverterunt,  The  soldiers  returned,  because  they 
(feared  perfidy. 

3).  With  a  Conjunction  of  Condition, — if. 
Accusatus  damnabitur,  If  he  is  accused,  he  will  be  condemned. 

4).  With  a  Conjunction  of  Concession,— though,  although. 
Urbem  acerrime  defensam  cepit,  He  took  the  city,  though  it  was  valiantly 
defended,  or  though  valiantly  defended. 

4.  By  a  Verbal  Noun : 

Ad  Romam  conditam,  to  the  founding  of  Borne,  lit.  to  Borne  founded.  Ab 
urbe  condlta,  from  the  founding  of  the  city.  Post  reges  exactos,  after  the 
expulsion  of  the  kings. 

5.  By  a  Verb : 

Rex  ei  benigne  recepto  filiam  dedit,  The  king  received  him  kindly  and 
gave  him  his  daughter,  lit.  gave  his  daughter  to  him  kindly  received, 

XXI.  Participles  with  non  or  nihil  are  sometimes  best  rendered 
by  Participial  nouns  dependent  upon  without : 

Non  ridens,  without  laughing. 

XXII.  Future  Participles  are  sometimes  best  rendered  by  Infini- 
tives, or  by  Participial  Nouns  with /or  the  purpose  of: 

Rediit  belli  casum  tentaturus,  He  returned  to  try  (about  to  try)  the  for- 
tune of  war. 

XXIII.  The  Ablative  Absolute  is  sometimes  best  rendered  (1) 
by  a  Clause  with, — when,  while,  after,  for,  since,  if,  though,  etc., 
(2)  by  a  Noun  with  a  Preposition, — in,  during,  after,  by,  from, 
through,  etc.,  or  (3)  by  an  Active  Participle  with  its  Object : 

Servio  regnante,  while  Servius  reigned,  or  in  the  reign  of  Servius  (lit. 
Servius  reigning).  Duce  Fabio,  under  the  command  of  Fabius  (lit.  Fabius 
heing  commander). 

Sometimes,  as  in  the  last  example,  a  word  denoting  the  doer  of  an  action  can  be 
best  rendered  by  the  word  which  denotes  the  thing  done.  Thus,  instead  of  com- 
mander, consul,  king,  we  have  command,  consulship,  reign. 


106  LATIN   EEADEE. 

Subjunctive. 
XXIV.  This  may  be  rendered  as  follows : 

1.  "With  the  Potential  signs,  may,  can,  might,  could,  would\ 
should  (485) : 

Forsltan  quaeratis,  Perhaps  you  may  inquire.  Hoc  nemo  dixerit,  No  on* 
would  my  this. 

2.  By  the  English  Indicative.  This  is  generally  the  best  ren- 
dering 

1)  In  clauses  denoting  Cause,  or  Time  and  Cause  (517,  521) : 

Quum  vita  metus  plena  sit,  since  life  is  full  of  fear.  Quum  Romam 
renisset,  when  he  had  come  to  Borne. 

2)  In  Indirect  Questions  (525)  : 

Quaerltur,  cur  dissentiant,  It  is  asked  why  they  disagree. 

3)  In  the  Subjunctive  by  Attraction  (527) : 

Vereor,  ne,  dum  minu&re  velim  laborem,  augeam,  I  fear  I  shall  increase 
the  labor,  while  I  wish  to  diminish  it. 

4)  In  the  Subordinate  Clauses  of  Indirect  Discourse  (531) : 

Hippias  gloriatus  est,  anniilum  quern  habcret  se  suS  manu  confecisse, 
Illppias  boasted  that  he  had  made  with  his  own  hand  the  ring  which  he  wore 
(had). 

5)  In  Kelative  Clauses  defining  indefinite  antecedents,  and 
sometimes  in  clauses  denoting  result  (501,  494,  495) : 

Sunt  qui  putent,  there  are  some  who  think.  Ita  vixit  ut  Athenienslbus 
esset  carisslmus,  He  so  lived,  that  he  was  very  dear  to  the  Athenians. 

6)  Sometimes  in  Conditional  and  Concessive  clauses,  and  in 
clauses  with  Quin  and  Quominus  (510,  515,  498,  499)  : 

Dum  metuant,  if  only  (provided)  they  fear.  Si  voluisset,  dimicasset,  If 
he  liad  wished,  he  would  have  fought.  Ut  desint  vires,  tamen  est  laudanda 
voluntas,  Though  the  strength  fails,  still  the  will  should  be  approved.  Adest 
nemo,  quin  videat,  There  is  no  one  present  who  does  not  see. 

3.  By  the  Infinitive.    This  is  often  the  best  rendering 

1)  In  Relative  Clauses  denoting  Result :  hence  after  dignu 
dignus,  idoneus,  aptus,  etc.  (501) : 

Non  is  sum  qui  his  utar,  lam  not  such  a  one  as  to  use  (he  who  may  use") 
these  things.  Fabulae  dignae  sunt,  quae  legantur,  The  fables  are  worthy  to 
be  read  (which,  or  that  they,  should  be  read). 


SUGGESTIONS   TO   THE   LEARNER.  107 

2)  Sometimes  in  Eelative  Clauses  denoting  Purpose,  and  other 
clauses  denoting  Result  (500,  494)  : 

Decemviri  creati  sunt  qui  leges  scriberent,  Decemvirs  were  appointed  to 
prepare  the  laws  (who  should  prepare). 

Infinitive. 

XXV.  The  Infinitive  has  a  much  more  extensive  use  in  Latin 
than  in  English.    The  following  points  require  notice  (539  ff.). 

1.  The  Infinitive  with  a  Subject  is  rendered  by  a  Finite  verb 
with  that : 

Dixit  se  regem  vidisse,  He  said  that  he  had  seen  the  Icing. 

2.  The  Historical  Infinitive  (545,  1)  is  rendered  by  the  Imperfect 
Indicative : 

Irani  pater  dissimulare,  The  father  concealed  his  anger. 

3.  The  Infinitive  is  sometimes  best  rendered  by  a  Participial 
noun  with  of,  with,  etc. 

Insimulatur  mysteria  violasse,  He  is  accused  of  having  violated  the  mys- 
teries. 

Miscellaneous  Idioms. 
XXYI.  The  following  Miscellaneous  Idioms  are  added : 

1.  Certior  em  facer e  should  be  rendered,  to  inform,  and  certior 
fieri,  to  oe  informed : 

Caesar  certior  factus  est,  Caesar  was  informed. 

2.  Inter  se,  lit.  oetween  themselves,  is  often  best  rendered,  from 
each  other,  to  each  other,  together. 

Omnes  inter  se  differunt,  They  all  differ  from  each  other. 

3.  Ne — quidem,  with  one  or  more  words  between  the  parts,  should 
be  rendered,  not  even ;  or  even — not: 

Ne  nomen  quidem,  not  even  the  name. 

4.  When  two  or  more  verbs  stand  together  in  the  same  com- 
pound tense,  the  copula  (sum)  is  generally  expressed  only  with  the 
last,  but  in  rendering,  the  copula  should  be  expressed  only  with 
the  first : 

Captus  et  in  vincula  conjectus  est,  He  was  taken  and  thrown  into  chains. 

5.  Quanto — tanto,  lit.  hy  as  much  as — ~by  so  much,  is  often  best 
rendered  before  comparatives,  the — the ; 

F 


108  LATIN   EEADEE. 

Quanto  diutius  considfiro,  tanto  rea  vidfitur  obscurior,  the  longer  (by  as 
much  as  the  longer)  /  consider  the  subject,  the  more  obscure  (by  so  much  tho 
more  obscure)  does  it  appear. 

6.  A  Clause  with  quominus,  by  which,  or  that,  the  less,  may 
generally  be  rendered  by  a  Clause  with  that,  by  the  Infinitive,  or 
by  a  Participial  noun  with  from. 

Per  eum  stetit  quominus  dimicarfitur,  It  was  owing  to  him  (stood  through 
him)  that  the  engagement  was  not  made.  Non  recusSvit  quominus  poenam 
subiret,  He  did  not  refuse  to  submit  to  punishment.  Regem  impediit  quoml- 
aus  pugnuret,  He  prevented  the  Icing  from  fighting. 


NOTES 


GRAMMATICAL     EXERCISES. 

For  Explanation  of  References,  see  page  ix. 

PAGE 

I.  Ala.     As  the  Latin  has  no  article,  a  noun  may,  according  to  the      1 
connection  in  which  it  is  used,  be  translated  (1)  without  the  article; 

as,  ala,  wing;  (2)  with  the  indefinite  article  a,  or  an  ;  as,  ala,  a  wing; 
(3)  with  the  definite  article  the  ;  as,  ala,  the  wing. 

4,  23.  Post  Romuli  mortem.    For  the  position  of  the  preposition,      3 
see  602,  II.  3. 

7.  Servus  bonns.    In  Latin  the  adjective  generally  follows  its  noun, 
as  in  this  example,  though  sometimes  it  precedes  it,  as  in  English. 
When  emphatic  the  adjective  is  placed  before  its  noun ;  as,  vera  ami-  -^ 
cilia  (7,  25).     See  Grammar,  598 ;  598,  2. 

II,  18.     Leges  .  .  .  sunto,  let  the  laws  be,  etc.     The  third  person  of     5 
the  Future  Imperative  is  often  best  rendered  by  let,  instead  of  shall. 

13,28.  Omnium.    This  agrees  with  militum. 

19,  2.  Consul.    See  note  on  "  Consules"  (169). 4.  Vini  dens.     9 

The  ancient  Romans  recognized  a  great  number  of  gods  and  goddesses. 
Almost  every  object  in  nature  was  under  the  special  care  of  some  one  of 
these  fabulous  deities.  Bacchus  presided  over  the  cultivation  of  the 
vine,  and  was  the  god  of  festivity. 6.  Testis  temporum,  the  witness 

of  times,  i.  e.  competent  to  testify  in  regard  to  them.  Tempora,  timesy 
involves  events. Habetnr,  is  regarded. 9.  Evaserat J  from  evado. 

20,  1.  Expulsns  est ;  from  expello. 2.  Kegis  pater.    Regis  refers 

to  Tarquinius  Priscus,  the  fifth  king  of    Rome. 6.  Didicit ;  from 

disco. 7.  Dictator.     See  note  on  "  Cum  honore  dictaioris  "  (178). 

Voverat ;  from  voveo. 8.  Interfecernnt ;  from  interficio. 

21,  5.  Malornm.     This  depends  upon  mater.  10 

22,  6.  Perdidi;  from  per  do. 

23,  6.  Fecit,  lit,  made  ;  render  composed,  or  wrote. 8.  Condidit ; 

from   condo. 12.  Vixsrunt ;    from  vivo. 16.  Luxcrnnt;    from 

6 


110  LATIN   EEABER. 

PAOB 

11  lugeo. 20.  Snm  practeractns ;  from  practervSho. 21    Transle- 

l'unt ;  from  transeo.     See  295,  3. 

24,  5.  Nutrieem  .  .  .  Sieiliam.  The  ancient  Romans  annually  re- 
ceived large  supplies  of  grain  from  Sicily.  Hence  the  epithets  here 
applied  to  it. 

25,  3.  Belli ;  construe  with  artem,  the  art  of  war. 9.  Edoetss 

fncrat;  from  edoceo. 10.  Petiernnt;  from  peto:  See  234,  278,  2. 

12  13.  Ibenun  tradoxit.    This  was  at  the  beginning  of  the  second 

Punic  war,  218  B.  C.     The  Ebro  was  the  boundary  between  the  Ro- 
man and  the  Carthaginian  possessions  in  Spain. Tradaxit ;  from 

traduco. 14.  Transdncti  snnt ;  from  transduco. 

26,  3.  Bcsliohc.     This  refers  to  the  insect  known  as  the  ephemcran. 

4.  Natns;  from  nascor. 6.  Lxstrnxerunt ;  from  ezstruo. 

7.  Loagos  qaaterna  cnaita,  each  four  cubits  long.    Quaterna  is  a 
distributive.    See  174,  2,  1). 

27,  2.  Kediit ;  from  o-edeo,  295,  3. 3.  Concessit ;  from  conccdo. 

4.  Nnnicruai,  quantity.     The  word  generally  means  number. 

Misit ;  from  millo. 8.  IT»0  ;  from  eo,  295. 

13  28,    2.    Nigrantes    terga,    literally,   black   as   to   their   backs. 3. 

Ictus;  from  ico. €eeidit ;  from  cado. 4.  Ineensos  est;  from 

incendo. 

29,  3.  Yidet,  sees  it.  The  object  is  the  pronoun  understood,  refer- 
ring to  conjurationem. 

30,  9.  Non  dat,  does  not  allow ;   lit.  give. 10.  Cmnes.     This 

agrees  with  nos  implied  in  damus. 

14  31,  6.  Persnasit;  from  persuadco. 8.  Pepercernnt ;  from  parco. 

32,  1.  Aflfuit ;  from  adsum.     For  the  assimilation  of  d  before/,  see 

338,  2,  a$. 2.  Adjanxit;  from  adjungo. 3.  Singnlornm,  of  in- 
dividuals ;  it  depends  upon  saluti. 5.  Terrorem  injecit,  he  struck 

terror  into,  i.  e.  inspired  with  terror ;  lit  threw  terror  into. Injecit ; 

from  injicio. 6.  Pngnae  ....  Saliminem.     This  was  the  famous 

victory  gained,  480  B.  C,  by  the  Greeks  over  the  Persians. 
34,  1.  Caesarl  erant  agenda,  lit.  were  to  Caesar  to  be  done. 

15  36,  10.  Delegenmt;  from  dcttgo. 

37,  2.  Tuae  lltterac,  your  letter.     This  is  the  common  meaning  of 

the  plural  of  this  word. 5.  Kotas  $  Participle  from  noxco,  used  ad- 

jectively,  575. 

38,  1.  Esto,  let  there  be. 

10        39,4.  Erat,  it  was. 1.  2.  Snstlnnernnt ;   from  imlwii, 1. 

Veatornm  pater.    Aeolus  is  meant:  he  was  the  god  of  the  \\i;i«ls,  and 

ruled  them  at  pleasure. 5.  Singnlornm  facnltato  . 

individuals.    See  441,  1. IV.  1.  Tarqnlnins.  Tarquinius  Superbus, 

17  the  last  kins  of  Rome,  b  meant :*.  I>edcrnat;    from  do. V.  2. 


NOTES.  Ill 

PAGE 

Sonat,  lit.  sounds  ;  here  expresses,  means. Vox  VOlnptatis,  trie  word  17 

pleasure  ;  lit.  the  word  of  pleasure. 5.  Exhorrnit ;  from  ezhorrcsco. 

40,  3.  Fainae  mendadn,  (he  falsehoods  of  report,  i.  e.  the  falsehoods 

circulated  by  report. 8.  Nescinm  fin  git.    Socrates,  one  of  the  most 

eminent  philosophers  of  antiquity,  had  such  a  coutempt  for  all  pedantry 
and  conceit  of  knowledge,  that  he  claimed  to  know  only  one  thing ; 
viz.,  that  he  knew  nothing. 

41,  1.  Poena  ;  supply  est,  460,  2. 3.  Fftll,  was,  i.  e.  consisted  of. 

4.  Eratsomni;  supply  man'm  rendering. 6.  Senesccntis ;  sup-  18 

ply  aeiatis  from  the  preceding  clause. 12.  Cetcri ;  supply  vendunt. 

42,  7.  Snorum,  his  own,  i.  e.  faults  (vitiorum). 

43,  9.  Hajns  $  belongs  to  gloriae.  19 

44,  I.  1.  Catoj  supply  magnus  habebdtur  from  preceding  clause. 
II.  1.  Res  .  .  .  constitnit,  managed  the  affairs,  etc.  He  was  gov- 
ernor of  the  Chersonesus. III.  7.  Pisces;   supply  capiuntur. 2© 

IV.  3.  Sacra,  sacred  rites.  King  Numa  was  the  reputed  founder  of  the 
early  religious  institutions  of  Rome. 

45,  3.  Viginti  talentis,  twenty  taients,  more  than  $20,000,  a  high 
price  for  an  oration,  but  the  purchaser  was  a  wealthy  king,  and  the  au- 
thor one  of  the  most  finished  of  the  Attic  orators. Vendidit ;  from 

vendo. 

46,  1.  Auram;  supply  villus  est  from  the  preceding  clause.-: 10. 

Advcrsani  ;  supply  fortunam. 11.  Yirtntss,  that  of  virtue.    It  de-  21 

pends  upon  siiis  understood. 

47,  2.  Major ;    lit.  greater  ;   render  older. 3.  Cacsaris  5  supply 

castris. 

48,  I.  5.   Functus  snm ;  from  fungor. III.  9.  Hectora  ....  22 

Achilles.     These  were  the  two  most  eminent  warriors  in  the  Trojan  war ; 

the  former  a  Trojan,  the  latter  a  Greek. 

49,  2.  Gestasont;  from  gero. 3.  Vlxit;  from  vivo. 5.  Tra- 

jecit ;  from  trajicio. 6.  Fabricins,  Aristides.  They  were  both  dis- 
tinguished for  rare  integrity  and  uprightness.     The  latter  was  surnamed 

the  Just.  With  Fabricius  supply  fuit. 7.  5Ioi tuns  est}  from  morior. 

12.  Timothens ;  supply  vixit. 

50,7.  Destiternnt;  from  desisto. 11.  Fxpnlsnsost;   from  ex-  23 

pello. 13.  Bello  Persico,  in  the  Persian  war,  i.  e.  the  war  with  Per- 
sia.    Themistocles  gained  the  celebrated  victory  of  Salamis,  480  B.  C. 

51,  4.  Qua  nocte — eadem=eaefem  node,  quci,  on  the  same  night  in 
which.     The  antecedent  nocte  is  incorporated  into  the  relative  clause 

according  to  445,  9. Dianac  ....  templum.     This  temple  of  Diana 

at  Ephesus  in  Ionia  was  celebrated  for  its  beauty  and  magnificence. 

9.  iondita  erat ;  from  condo. 

52,  2.  Coajnnxit ;  from  conjungo.  24 


112  LATIN   EEADEK. 

PAOR 

24  63,  1.  Qnidam,  some,  l.  e.  some  persons. Non  re,  not  in  reality. 

5.  Par ;  agrees  with  Anew. 

54,  1.  Cognito;  from  cognosco. 4.  Excepta;  from  exeipio. 

6.  Natus  est;  from  nascor. Cicerone  ....  consnlibns ;   XXIII. 

See  also  notes  on  "  Consules  "  (169)  and  "  Duillio  "  (185). 

25  55,  I.  1.  Ad  snmmam  seneetntem,  till  extreme  old  age. 5.  Tint ; 

from  vinco. 6.  Fnsae  sunt ;  from  fundo. 8.  Erga  parentcs,  plo- 

tSLS=justitia  erga  parenies pittas  dieXtur. II.  4.  Africauns  ;  so  called 

because  of  his  great  victory  at  Zama  in  Africa. 5.  Ex  Tiro,  i.e.  fiom 

the  word  vir,  man. 6.  Floruit ;   from  florcsco,  282,  I. 8.    De- 

dit ;   from  do. III.   2.   Divisa  est;   from  divido. 4.  Progress! 

sunt;   from  progredior. 5.  Est,  there  is. Snb  pallio  sordido, 

under  a  soiled  coat,  i.  e.  in  the  poor  man,  among  the  poor. 

26  56,  5.  Ab  Omni  parte;  lit.  from  every  part ;  render,  in  all  respects. 
6.  Condidit ;  from  condo. 9.  Dives.  This  is  a  predicate  adjec- 
tive: is  born  rich. 11.  Dissimillima  natura,  very  dissimilar  (things) 

by  nature. 

57,  2.  Ad  quas  res,  in  ite=in  iis  rebus,  ad  quas,  in  those  things  for 
which.     See  note  on  "  Qua  node,  eddem"  (51,  4). 

27  58,  2.  Tna ;  supply  delcctanl. 3.  Amicum,   a  friend,  i.  e.  my 

friend;  possessive  omitted  according  to  447. 5.  Consnmpsi;  from 

consumo. 

60,  1.  Decs  est,  there  is  a  God. Tempornm,  of  the  seasons. 

Rcrnm,  of  events. 2.  Mala ;    construe  with  earmina. 3.  Hones- 

tatis;    depends  upon  regula  understood,  397,  1,(3). 4.  Dominns; 

supply  erat. 

62,  1.  Mcornm,  of  my  friends,  lit.  of  my,  or  mine. 2.  Agnovit ; 

from  agnosco. 3.  Si  qnisqnam ;  supply  sapiens  fuit. 5.  Opt  i  in  am 

qnidqne,  lit.  every  best  thing;  render,  all  the  best  things,  whatever  is 
best,  or  the  best  thing  ever,  458,  1. 6.  Perdidit ;  from  perdo. 

28  63,  3.  Pepcrl;  from  pario,  280. 5.  Dclatl  snnt;  from  d> firo, 

292,  2. 6.  Excrcltum,  his  ai-my.  Observe  the  omission  of  the  pos- 
sessive, 447. 7.  Exstlnctum  est ;  from  exstinguo,  to  put  out,  extin- 
guish, applicable  to  a  light.  The  language  is  figurative;  the  beautiful 
city  of  Corinth  is  represented  as  a  light,  lumen. 

64,3.  Victoria;  supply  venit. 

65,  4.  Consules ;  supply  bini  crcabantur  from  the  next  clause. 

Bini,  two  by  two,  i.  e.  two  each  year,  distributive,  174,  2. 
2D         66,  1.  Perspcxero;  from  perspicio. 

67,  1.  I'M  prim  urn,  ivhcn  first,  i.  e.  as  soon  as. 2.  Cam  Graecfs 

Latina,   lit.  Ixttin  things  with  Greek  things  ;  render,  Latin  studies  with 

Greek  studies. Conjnnxl  ;    from    conjungo. 4.    Lj'fnrgl   leges. 

Lycurgus  was  the  great  Spartan  lawgiver.     HLs  laws  contributed  much 


NOTES,  113 

PAGE 

to  the  prosperity  and  greatness  of  Sparta. 6.  Anreoram  annnlorum.  29 

The  wearing  of  gold  rings  was  one  of  the  special  privileges  of  senators 
and  knights. Dctraxerat ;  from  detraho. 

68,  3.  Nonnulli,  not  none,  i.  e.  some,  585,  1. Casune ;  casu  with 

the  interrogative  enclitic  ne  appended. Sit  effectns ;  from  efficio. 

4.  Quaesivit;  from  quaero. Salvnsne  .  .  .  clipens.    This  was  his 

question  when  mortally  wounded  at  Mantinea.  Ancient  warriors  took 
special  pride  in  preserving  their  shields.— —5.  Essent  fnsi$  from 
/undo. 6.  In  causis,  in  suits  at  law. 

69,  3.  Redires ;  from  redeo.  3© 

70,  7.  Tanqnam  parva,  as  small,  i.  e.  unimportant. 

71,  1.  Abdnxernnt;   from  abduco. Cincinnatnm.    Cincinnatus, 

who  was  thus  summoned  from  the  plough  to  the  dictatorship  in  an  hour 
of  great  national  peril,  acted  with  such  remarkable  promptness  and 
euergy,  that  in  a  few  days  he  conquered  the  enemy,  entered  Rome  in 
triumph,  and  was  rewarded  with  a  golden  crown.  He  then  quietly  re- 
signed his  dictatorship  and  returned  to  his  farm. Dictator*     See  note 

on  "  Cum  honore  dictatoris  "  (178). 2.  Patris,  of  his  father,  i.  e. 

the  Sun-  The  story  is,  that  he  asked  his  father,  the  sun,  for  the  use  of 
his  chariot  for  a  day,  but  that  he  found  himself  unable  to  manage  the 

fiery  steeds. 5.  Becrevit;    from  decerno. Ft  consul  .  .  .  .  ne 

.  .  .  .  eaperet.  This  was  the  usual  formula  by  which  a  Roman  citizen 
might  be  clothed  with  the  power  of  dictator. 

72,  1.   Ft  .  .  .  diligamns;  XXIV.  2,  5). 4.  Senserit;  from  31 

scntio. 

73,  2.  Qnin  ....  abeam ;  XXIV.  2,   6). 4.  Quominns  sit ; 

lit.  by  which,  or  that,  the  less  Cod  should  be ;  render,  that  God  should 
be,  or  God  from  being,  XXVI.  6. 

74,  1.  Qui  snstineret,  lit.  who  shoidd  sustain;  render,  to  sustain, 

XXIV.  3. 4.  Quod  .  .  .  possit;  XXIV.  2,  5). 6.  Invcnti  snnt; 

from  invenio. 

75, 1.  Dum  mctnant  5  XXIV.  2,  6). 

77,  4.  Nisi  in  littcris,  if  not  in  letters,  i.  e.  in  literary  pursuits,  stu-  32 

dies. 5.  Non  .  .  .  scnatnm*    Senatus,  senate,  is  derived  from  senex, 

and  meant  originally  an  assembly  of  old  men. 

78,  2.  Constiterit ;  from  comisto. -4.  Qoi  .  .  .  attigisscm,  though 

I  had  commenced  (touched)  Greek  studies  (letters) ;  XXIV.  2,  6). 

Attigisscm  ;  from  altingo. 

80, 1.  Qnnm  ...  sit ;  XXIV.  2, 1). 2.  Jfccesse  est.    The  sub- 
ject is  the  clause,  Deum  ....  majdra.    Hence  nccesse  is  neuter,    33 

438, 3 ;  42,  III.  2.— Denm  ....  habere ;  XXV.  1. Hacc  habere 

ni:tjora,  lit.  to  have  these  greater,  i.  e.  in  a  higher  degree. 4.  Suo 

toto  .  .  .  non  vidcrit*    As  the  term  of  the  consular  office  was  a  year, 


114  LATIN  BEADEE. 

PAGE 

33  this  seems  a  very  remarkable  statement.  But  the  truui  \s,  Caniniu* 
was  appointed  only  to  fill  a  vacancy  of  a  few  hours  at  the  very  end  of 
the  consular  year.     Hence  the  remark  is  only  a  playful  one. 

81,  1.  JHalornm,  of  evils  ;  from  malum. Quod  ....  eapian- 

tor;  XXIV.  2,  1).     The  Subjunctive  implies  that  the  reason  is  assigned 

on  Plato's  authority. Pisces;    supply  capiantur. 2.  Latine,  in 

Latin. 3.  Redierim ;  from  redeo,  295,  3. 

82,  1.  Dum  ....  convenient;  XXIV.  2,  1). Ad  horam  n* 

nam,  till  the  ninth  hour,  i.  e.  till  3  P.  M.     For  the  divisions  of  the 

Roman  day,   see   '711. 2.   Qnlevcre ;   from  quiesco. 3.  Voeem 

.  .  .  excitant*     The  immense  audiences  before  which  the  ancient  trage- 
dians  acted,  rendered  this  precaution  quite  indispensible. 

83,  1.  Qnantas  ....  habeat ;  XXIV.  2,  2). 2.  Tantnm,  only. 

4.  Qui  ...  .  videant ;  XXIV.  3,  2). Qnas  in  partes,  lit.  into 

what  parts  ;  render,  hi  what  direction. 6V  Inns,  one,  viz.  Demos- 

34  thenes. 7.  Est.    The  subject  is  the  clause,  qualis  res  .  .  .  sit,  555. 

84,  1.  Ft  .  .  .  servcm,  that  I  should  keep  myself  neutral,  i.  c.,  in 

respect  to  the  civil  wars. 2.  Qnas  eognorit.     XXIV.  2,  3). Cog- 

norit ;  for  cognovfrit,  234,  2. 3.  Jassit ;  from  jubeo,  2G9. Qaae ; 

refers  to  naves,  as  its  antecedent. 5.  Ft — vidcar ;  XXIV.  2,  5). 

Yixisse ;  from  vivo. 

85,  I.  Qnod  scircnt;  XXIV.  2,  4). 2.  Cestiolas.    Reference  is 

here  made  to  the  insect  known  as  the  ephemeran. 3.  Respondit ; 

from  rcspondco. Sibi,  suas.     Here  sibi  refers  to  Caesar,  the  subject 

of  the  subordinate  clause,  while  suas  refers  to  Ariovistus,  the  subject 

cf  the  principal  clause.      See  449,  II. Vicissent ;  from  vinco. i. 

SI .  .  .  esset ....  fuLsse.     In  the  direct  discourse,  this  would  have  the 
Imperfect  Subjunctive  in  both  clauses,  the  third  form  of  the  conditional 

sentence  (510).     For  changes  in  the  conclusion,  see  533,  2,  2). 

Illc,  he,  i.  e.  Caesar. A  se,  from  himself,  i.  c.  Ariovistus. 5.  Egit ; 

3e>    from  ago,  treated,  argued. Remlnisceretnr.     In  the  cifcTMtf  discourse, 

this  would  have  been  in  the  Imperative :  hence  the  Subjunctive  here 
according  to  530,  II. 

86,  2.  Patres  conscript],  conscript  fathers,  often  used  in  addressing 

the  Roman  senate. 5.  Dorminnt;  supply  pronoun  rotating  t 

tuies,  they. 6.  Santo,  let  them  be. 8.  Mllitiae  sum  mum  jns,  A 

supreme  control  of   military   affairs. Parento ;    supply  pronoun, 

referring  to  consulcs. 9.  Te;  subject  of  esse. 10.  Quam  priinnm, 

as  soon  as  possible,  444,  3. 

3G        87,  4.  Positam  esse  ;  from  pono. 5.  Traditnm  est ;  from  trado. 

7.  Capidnm;  Ace.  Masc.  Sir.;.:,  agreeing  with  oftgiMm,  layout,  the 

omitted  subject  of  esse. 9.  Snis  rebns ;  with  one's  ou-n  //. 

refers  to  the  omitted  subject  of  esse. Snut  $  agrees  by  attraction  with 


NOTES.  115 

PAGE 

Pred.  Norn,  diviiiae,  instead  of  the  subject  clause,  462. 11.  Lycnrgi   36 

temporibns.    This  was  in  the  ninth  century  B.  C. 14.  Inrentas  esse  *, 

from  invenio. 16.  Amare;  supply^. 17.  Minima;  the  smallest, 

i.  e.  the  smallest  evils  (mala). 

88,  4.  Graece  loqui,  to  speak  in  Greek. Latinc ;  supply  loqui. 

6.  Didicernnt;  from  disco. 13.  Esse  ;  supply  bonus. 

89,  3.  Vidcre  ....  eaperet.     This  was  the  duty,  or  business,  ne-  t£7 
gotium,  assigned  to  Postumius.      The  language  is  the  usual  form  of  de- 
cree by  which  the  Dictator  was  clothed  with  extraordinary  power,  in 
order  to  save  the  state.     See  note  on  "  Cum  honor e  dictatoris  "  (178). 

Postumiu3  was  Dictator. 4.  Themistoclcm.     This  is  the  subject  of  the 

infinitive  sumpsisse,  while  the  whole  clause,  Themistoclcm  ....  sumpsisse, 
is  in  apposition  with  fama. Snmpsisse;  from  sumo. 

90,  3.  Inter  DOS  \  lit.  between  ourselves  ;  render,  with  each  other. 

4.  Accedit  quod  J  lit.  it  is  added  ihat,  i.  e.  there  is  the  additional  fact 
that. 

91,  1.  Tu  ;  subject  of  responsurus  sis. 2.  Pcrvcnissentne  ;  per- 

venissent  and  ne. 3.  BIcl ;  subject  of  esse  understood. 5.  Inter- 

fuisset ;  from  intcrsum. 

92,  3.  Discendi ;  supply  facultatem,  397,  1,  (3). 4.  Audiendi ; 

supply  occasio. 7.  Platonis  andiendi,  of  hearing  Plato  ;  lit.  of  Plato   3§ 

to  be  heard.  Platonis  depends  upon  studiosus,  while  the  gerundive  au- 
diendi agrees  with  it,  562. 9.  Quid  andierim,  what  I  have  heard. 

93,  3.  Saeerdotibus  creandis  \  lit.  to  priests  to  be  appointed  ;  render, 

to  the  appointment  of  priests,   580. Adjccitj  from  adjicior. 6. 

Ncnnulti,  some,  585,  1. 

94,  1.  Ad  intclllgendnBl ;  lit.  to  understanding  ;  render,  to  under- 
stand.  Est  natus  ;  from  nascor,  lit.  has  been  born  ;  render,  is  born, 

471,  3. 4.  Ad  cegnoscendas  ....  leges ;  lit.  to  the  laws  to  be 

learned ;  render,  to  learn,  or  study  the  laws,  etc. Lycnrgi   leges. 

The  laws  of  Lycurgus,  the  great  law-giver  of  Sparta,  were  very  famous 
in  antiquity. 6.  Catilina  ....  conjuravit.  This  iniquitous  con- 
spiracy was  formed  during  the  consulship  of  the  orator  Cicero,  63  B.  C, 
by  whom  it  was  fortunately  discovered  and  defeated. 

95,  1.  Nihil  agendo,  by  doing  nothing. 

96,  2.  Concessit ;   from  concedo. 3.  Dcfensnm  ;    from  defendo.   39 

5.  Facies ;  the  object  is  id,  the  omitted  antecedent  of  quod. 6. 

Cognitu  ;  from  cog nosco. Oratio  j  supply  jucunda  est  from  the  pre- 
ceding clause. 

97,  2.  Hippias*     He  had  once  been  tyrant  of  Athens,  but  having 
been  driven  from  the  throne,  he  repaired  to  the  Persian  comt  and 

espoused  the  Persian    cause. Cecidit$    from  eado. 3.  Pinxit ; 

from  pingo. Templo  ....  Di.inac*     See  note  on  the  same,  (51,  4). 


116  LATIN   READER. 

PAOB 

39   5.  Terra  lantata;  lit.  earth,  or  land,  having  been  cluxngcd  ;  rcn« 

der,  change  of  country,    580. 6.    Expulsos ;    from   cjpeUo. 7. 

Faetns ;  from  facio,  Pass.  Jio. Sabcgit ;  from  subigo. 8.  Yiac- 

ta;    from  vincio. 9.  Regibus  exactis ;    lit    the  kings  leaving  been 

expelled ;  render,  wlien,  or  after,  (lie  kings  were  expelled,  431,  2,  (1). 
This  refers  to  the  overthrow  of  the  regal  form  of  government  at  Rome 
by  the  banishment  of  Tarquin,  510  B.  C.     See  below  (167,  168). 1 

410  12.  Empta;  from  emo. 13.  Dilapsi  sunt ;  from  dilabor.  , 

98,  3.  Seennda ;  prosperous  things,  i.  e.  prosperity. 

99,  2.  la  boais  rebus;    lit.  in  good  things ;    render,  among  good 

things,  i.  e.  as  blessings. 4.  Eripi,  surripi.     Eripio  means  to  'Mr 

away  forcibly  ;  surripio,  to  take  away  stealthily. 


FABLES. 

41  100.  Praetereuutl ;  Dative  Sing.  Part  of  practerco,  295,  3. In- 

qalt;  the  object  is  the  clause,  or  sentence,   "Non  ....  malcdixit," 
357,  I. 

101.  Orto;  from  orior. Qaaatum  booi,  lit  how  much  of  a  good 

thing  ;  render,  how  much  good,  396,  2,  3).    Both  adjectives  are  here 
used  substantively,  441,  2. 

42  102.  Coepit,  slie  (the  woman)  began. Mam,  tiiat  she,  i.  e.  the 

hen. Miuorcs;  supply  divitias. Perdidit ;  from  perdo. 

103.  Dcpreheasas;  from  deprehendo. Mehercule;  lit  by  JL  rac- 
ks ;  render,  indeed,  589,  590. 

104.  Sabsiliit ;  from  subsilio. Si ....  posset ;  if  perchance  she 

might  be  able,  i.  e.  to  ascertain  whether  she  might,  a  dependent  question, 

525,  1. Acerbac  SUUt ;  they  are  sour,  agreeing  with  uvac  understood. 

— -Repertas;   from  repcrio. Quae;    depends  upon  asscqui. ■ 

Quae  ....  desperent ;  XXIV.  2,  5). 

105.  Iahacserat ;  from  inhacreo. Qui  cxtrabat ;  lit  who  may 

remove  it  ;  render,  that  he  may  remove  it,  or  to  remove  it,  XXIV.  3,  2). 
Doc,  this,  i.  e.  the  removal  of  the  bone. Qoum  ....  postularet ; 

43  XXIV.  2,  1). Yidctar  ;  the  subject  is  the  clause,  quod  ....  vxtrai- 

■tsti. Extraxisti ;  from  extraho. 

106.  Propter  bOC  ipsuill,  on  account  of  this  very  thing,  or  for  (hi* 
very  reason. Qoum,  (hough. Eos;  supply  esse  punic/nlos. 

107.  Quuiu sentlret;  XXIV.  2,  1). It  fieri  solet,  a*  i» 

•wont  to  happen.     JSolct  U  used  impersonally. Quibns  allatis,  u-lttch 


NOTES.  117 

PAGK 

having  been  brought,  i.  e.  when  these  were  brought,  431,  2. Quibus;  43 

see  453. Allatis ;  from  affero,  292,  2. Quod ;  which,  or  this,  i.  e. 

the  breaking  of  the  bundle  of  rods  ;  it  refers  to  the  clause,  ut ...  .  fran- 
gZrcnt. Imbeeillis ;  supply  res  esset  from  the  preceding  clause. 

108.  Quomodo,  how,  i.  e.  to  determine  how. Propositus ;  from 

propOno. Posse ;  depends  upon  a  verb  of  saying  understood  ;  for  44 

thus,  they  said,  they  would  be  able,  etc.,  530,  1. Nemo  repertus  est, 

zo  one  was  found,  i.  e.  who  would  do  it. Repertus  est ;  from  reperio. 

109.  Unas ;  supply  residlbat. Orta  $  from  orior. Qunm  .... 

despcrarent,  while  all  despaired,  etc.,  518,  II. Interrogat.    The  two 

objects  are gubernatorem,  and  the  clause,  utram  ....  existimaret,  374, 4. 

Submerscm  iri ;  Fut.  Pass.  Infin.  of  submergo,  would  be  submerged, 

would  go  down. Prorani.     The  full  form  would  be :  Proram  prius 

submersum  iri  existimo. Me  ;  supply  dixit,  367,  3. Qunm  .... 

sim ;  XXIV.  2,  1). Adspectnrns  sim  ;  from  adspicio. 

110.  Ilia,  she,  i.  e.  the  tortoise. Se  YOlucrem  facere,  to  make  her 

winged,  i.  e.  to  teach  her  to  fly. Arrcptam ;  from  arripio,  agrees 

with  illam :  the  eagle  carried  her,  seized  in  his  talons=se\zed  her  in  his 

talons  and  carried  her;  XX.  5;  579. Sustulit;  from  tollo. In 

sublime,  on  high. 

111.  Jnnxerant;  from  jungo. Ovis;  supply  et  before  this  word.   45 

Prima  ;  supply  pars. Quartam  ;  supply  partem,  the  object  of  arro- 

gare. 


ANECDOTES. 

112.  Seicbam ....  mortalcm;  object  of  dixisse,  357,  I. Gen- 

fclsse  ;  from  gigno. Mortalem  ;  agrees  with  cum  understood. 

113.  Quod,  that  which.  The  full  form  would  be,  Dcus  est  id 
quod,  etc. 

1 14.  Se  ipsnm  nosse ;  supply  difficile  est. Nosse ;  for  novisse. 

115.  Spes  ;  supply  communis  est,  etc. Qui;  supply  habent. 

116.  Dens;  supply^,  etc. 

1 17.  In  pompa.     In  the  sacred  processions,  so  common  at  the  reli-  40 
gious  festivals  at  Athens,  the  consecrated  vessels  of  gold  and  silver 
ware  often  displayed. 

118.  Scire  ....  nihil.     See  note  on  "  Ncscium  fingit"  (40,  8). 

119.  Scipio  Afrieanus.  This  is  the  celebrated  Roman  general  who 
conquered  Hannibal  at  Zama.  See  below  (196)  and  note  on  "  Africa* 
urn  "  (196). Antequam  ....  preeatus  esset  j  XXIV.  2,  1). 


118  LATIN   READER. 

PAGE 

40         120.  (.cutis  Corncliae*    This  was  the  gens  to  which  Hcipio  belonged 

Jussit;  from  jubeo. Res  gestas,  lit.  things  done,  i.  e.  deeds, 

achievements.     Gestas,  participle  from  gero. 

121.  Plus  esse,  t\at  it,  i.  e.  the  talent,  was  more. Quod,  thai 

which  ;  supply  id. 

122.  Se  .  .  .  .  habere,    that  he  had  thirty  years,   i.  c.  was  thirty 
years  old. 

123.  Quae   ecnarentnr;    XXIV.  2,  4). Qnaesivernnt ;    from 

quacro. 

47  124.  Scrlpsissetj    from   scribo. Cape ;    supply   ea,   them,  i.  e. 

arms  (arma). 

125.  Qcam  ....  dixissct ;  XXIV.  2,  1). Nos  ;  supply  sumus. 

126.  Prae  ....  Einltitudine,  because  of  the  multitude. 
12V.  Est  propositura  J  from  projwio. 

128.  Solon;  the  great  law-giver  of  Athens. Cur  ....  (CDStitnis- 

gct;  XXIV.  2,  2). 

129.  Sapientem ;  this  agrees  with  rem,  and  stultam,  with  rem  un- 
derstood.  Sapiens  5  supply  es. 

130.  Quos  ;  those  which  ;  supply  cos. 

43  131.  Ipsi ;  refers  to  Cornelia. Traxlt ;  from  traho  ;  detained. 

Donee  ....  redirent;  XXIV.  2,  1). Hace,  tiiese,  i  e.  the  chil- 
dren. It  is  attracted  from  hi  to  haec,  to  agree  with  the  Prcd.  Noun, 
ornamenta,  445,  4. 

132.  Fernnt,  they  report,  say.    For  the  omission  of  the  subject.  ?ce 

460,  2. Oblivionis  ;    supply  artem. Quae,  those  things  which  ; 

supply  ca. 

133.  Bono  viro  panperi,  lit.  to  a  good  poor  man  ;  render,  to  a  good 
man  who  was  poor,  442.— — Minns  probato  divitl ;  to  one  less  upright, 

who  was  rich. Fiiiam  5    a  daughter,  not  his  daughter. Virnm. 

Vir  means  man  in  the  noblest  sense  of  the  word,  the  true  man. 

Quae ;  supply  egeat. 

134.  Achilles,  Homcrns.     The  former  is  the  hero  of  the  I  had,  the 

latter,  its  author. Olymplco  certamlne,  the  Olympic  contest.    The 

Olympic  Games  were  celebrated  once  in  four  years  at  Olympia  in  Elis, 
and  were  the  most  famous  games  in  Greece.  To  be  crowned  victor  at 
these  games  was  a  coveted  honor,  while  the  herald  had  but  an  humble 
office. 

135.  Profcctns;  from  proficiscor. Qanm  vidtret \  XXIV.  2,  1). 

Egrcderetnr  5  from  egrcdior. 

A9         136.  Tyrannornm  domination?.    This  refers  to  the  oppressive  rule 
of  the   Thirty  Tyrants  app  Dinted  over  Athens  by  the  Spartans. 
•  below  (228).      The  city  was  liberated  from  them  by  the  heroism  oi 
Thrasybulus. Quantas  gratias,  t&ttias— tan  tas  gratias,  quantas. 


NOTES.  119 

PAGE 

137.  Proposnit;   from  propono. Qai  mvemsset,  who  should  40 

discover.  The  Pluperfect  is  explained  by  the  fact  that  the  discovery 
must  precede  the  giving  of  the  reward. 

138.  Id,  that,  i.  e.  what  he  intended  to  do. 

139.  Is,  h«,  i.  e.  the  friend. Per  .  .  .  indignaticnem,  with  (lit. 

through)  the  greatest  indignation. Qnid  mini  tna ;  supply  opus  est 

amicitia  from  the  preceding  question.  Tua  agrees  with  amiciiia  to  be 
thus  supplied. 

140.  Philippe.     This  is  Fhilip,  king  of  Macedonia. 

141.  Titus  amor  .  .  .  huniani.    Titus  was  the  most  beloved  of  the  50 

Roman  Emperors. Qa»d  nihil  pracstitisset,  that  he  had  rendered  no 

service.     The  Subjunctive  implies  that  this  fact  was  the  reason  which 

the  writer  would  give  on  the  authority  of  Titus  for  the  exclamation, 

Amici ....  perdidi.     See  520,  II. Pracstitisset ;  from  praesto. 

Edidit ;  from  edo. 

142.  Cccidisse;  from cado. Cognovit;  from  cognosco. Coro- 

uaiii.     Crowns,  or  wreaths,  were  often  worn  by  the  ancient  Romans  on 

sacred  and  festive  occasions. Deposnit ;  from  depono. Volnpta- 

tem ;  depends  upon  sentxre. 

143.  In  lnd.  01,  Victores.    See  note  on  "  Olympico  certamlne " 

(134). Affect cs  est;   from  officio. Stadio,  race-course.      Races 

formed  a  prominent  feature  in  the  Olympic  contests. 

144.  Progressus ;  from  progredior. Fatmlas,  fables  ;  here  tra- 
gedies.  Ut .  .  .  tioceret.     This  implies  that  he  aimed  to  instruct, 

rather  than  to  please  the  people. 

145.  Praesidibns,  the  presidents,  or  governors,  i.  e.  of  the  provinces.    51 
Praesidibus  depends  upon  rescripsit. Oncrandas ;  supply  esse. 

146.  Vieem  eornm,  their  fate. Beetorem,  Hector,  the  most  fa- 
mous Trojan  warrior. Efflaxerant ;  this  agrees  with  anni. Plus 

qnam  mille,  more  than  a  thousand  years.  Plus,  when  thus  introduced, 
has  no  effect  upon  the  construction  ;  otherwise  we  might  expect  the 
verb  effluzerant  to  be  put  in  the  singular.     See  417,  3. 

147.  Qnacsivisset ;  from  quaero. Idem,  the  same  thing,  i.  e.  the 

same  question. Pelivit,  he,  i.  e.  Simonides,  asked.  Duplicaret  be- 
low has  the  same  subject. Qnanto  dintins — tanto  obscurior,  the 

longer — the  more  obscure.  Quanto — tanto,  lit.  by  as  much  as — by  so 
much,  is  often  best  rendered  before  comparatives,  the — the,  XXVI.  5. 


120  LATIN   EEADEB. 


KOMAJST  HISTOEY. 

PAGE 

52  14&.  In  Italiam.     What  construction  would  be  used  with  the  name 

of  a  town  ?  379. Janiculo  :   a  hill  on  the  west  side  of  the  Tiber, 

not  one  of  the  seven  hills  of  Rome,  though  included  within  the  wall 
built  by  Aurelian  in  the  third  century. 

149.  Troja  . .  .  eversa  est.      This  refers  to  the  famous  Trojan  war, 

said  to  have  taken  place  in  the  twelfth  century  B.  C. E versa  est ; 

from  everto. Ilinc,  hence,  i.  e.  from  Troy. Pepereerat ;   from 

parco. Ei  benigne  recepto  .  .  .  dedit,  lit.  gave  to  him  kindly  re- 
ceived :  render,  received  him  kindly  and  gave,  579. Laviniam ;  a 

town  in  Latium  a  few  miles  south  of  Rome. 

53  150.  Monte  Albano.    Mount  Albanus  is  about  16  miles  southeast  of 

Rome. Enm,  him,  i.  e.  Ascanius. Gcnitus  erat ;  from gigno. 

Ejus.    For  whom  does  this  pronoun  stand  ? 

151.  Minor  nata;  lit,  smaller  in  respect  to  birth,  or  age:  render, 
younger. Bona,  lit.  good  things=goods,  properly. 

152.  Vestalem  virginem.  The  Vestal  Virgins  were  the  priestesses 
of  the  goddess  Vesta :  they  ministered  in  her  temple,  and,  by  turns, 
watched  the  perpetual  fire  upon  her  altars  night  and  day.  They  were 
bound  by  an  oath  of  chastity,  whose  violation  was  punished  by  death. 

Viro ;  indirect  object  after  7iubcre,  to  marry=fo  veil  one's  self 

for,  in  allusion  to  the  custom  of  the  bride's  wearing  the  veil  at  the 

marriage  ceremony. Peperit ;  from  pario. Hoc,  this,  i.  e.  the 

fact  spoken  of  in  the  preceding  sentence. Qurnn  ....  comperisset. 

XXIV.  2,  1). Comperisset ;  from  comperio. 

153.  Efluderat;    from   effundo. Qunm  .  .  .  .  essent    positl; 

XXIV.  2,  1). Essent  posit i;  from  pono. Sicco  ;  supply  loco. 

54  154.  Sic,  thus,  i.  e.  as  explained  above. Transegeruut ;  from 

translgo. Qunm  adolcvissent .  . .  eompcrissent ;  XXIV.  2,  1). 

Adolevisscnt ;  from  adolesco. Qnls ;  subject  of  fuissct  understood. 

Quae  .  .  .  fuissct;    XXIV.  2,  2). Aventino;    one  of  the  seven 

lulls  of  Rome.     According  to  the  best  authority,  Romulus  founded  hi? 
city  not  on  the  Aventine  as  here  stated,  but  on  the  Palatitu\  whieh 

stands  a  little  to  the    north  of  it. Qunni  ....  rircnnidaretur, 

XXIV.  2,  1). 

155.  Asylum.     This  was  a  place  of  refuge  where  exiles  and  even 

criminals  might  obtain  shelter  and  protection. ^uain  ....  veni>- 

scut ;  XXI  Vr.  3,  1). Iuter  ipsos  ludos,  m  the  midst  of  the  n  ryjwwifc 


NOTES.  121 

PAGE 

156.  Qnnm  .  .  .  appropinqnarent ;  XXIV.  2,  1). In  Tarpeiam  54 

. .  .  iu cider uat.     They  fell  in  with,  or  met  Tarpeia,  etc. Annnlos 

....  armillas.  Rings  and  bracelets  were  often  awarded  to  soldiers 
who  had  distinguished  themselves  in  battle. 

157.  Tarpeiam.    This  was  one  of  the  seven  hills  of  Rome:  it  was  55 

also  called  Capitolinus.     The  Capitol  was  built  upon  it. Forum 

Romanum.  This  was  an  open  space  in  the  form  of  an  irregular  quad- 
rangle between  the  Palatine  and  Capitoline  Hills.    In  this  were  held 

:he  great  public  meetings  of  the  Roman  people. In  media  caede,  in 

the  midst  of  the  slaughter,  441,  6. Raptae ;  supply  mulieres. 

Hinc  ....  nine,  on  the  one  side  .  ...  on  the  other. Foedns  kit,  made 

a  compact.    Ico,  lit.  to  strike,  has  reference  to  striking  and  slaying  the 

victim  in  ratification  of  treaties,  compacts,  etc. In  nrbcm  reeepit, 

lit.  received  into  the  city :  the  meaning  is,  he  received  them  into  full  citi- 
zenship. 

158.  Descripsit ;    from  descrlbo. Qnnm  ....  turn,  not  only 

.  ...  but  also. Qnnm  ....  Instraret ;  XXIV.  2, 1).     Lustraret, 

reviewed,  lit.  purified,  as  there  were  certain  ceremonies  appointed  for 

the  review  of  a  Roman  army. (Main ;  from  orior. Interfeetnm ; 

from  interflcio.     Supply  esse. 

159.  Interregnum*  This  was  the  interval  between  the  death  of 
one  king  and  the  accession  of  his  successor  to  the  throne.  In  this  in- 
stance the  government  was  administered  by  the  senate. Elapso ; 

from  elabor. Natus ;  from  nascor. Gessit ;    from  gero. Ege- 

riae  monitn  .  .  .  dleebat.  This  was  the  device  of  Numa  to  give  sanc- 
tity to  his  institutions,  as  Egeria  was  a  goddess. Morbo  decessit,  lit. 

died  from  disease,  i.  e.  died  a  natural  death. 

160.  SnccPssit ;  from  succedo. Pracstiterat ;  from  praesto. 56 

Horatiornm  ct  Ccriatiornm.  After  the  necessary  preparations  for  hos- 
tilities had  been  made  both  by  the  Albans  and  the  Romans,  and  the 
two  armies  were  already  drawn  up  face  to  face,  it  was  agreed  to  decide 

the  question  of  supremacy  by  a  combat  between  the  three  brothers,  the 
Horatii,  on  the  part  of  the  Romans,  and  the  three  Curiatii,  also  broth- 
ers, on  the  part  of  the  Albans.  The  Curiatii  were  all  slain ;  one  of 
the  Horatii  survived ;  his  victory  therefore  decided  the  question  in 

favor  of  Rome.     See  Schmitz's  Hist.  Rome. Perfidiam  Metii  Stifle t ii. 

"Metius  Suffetius,  dictator  of  the  Albans,  having  been  summoned  by  the 
Romans  to  aid  them  against  the  Veientines,  drew  off  his  forces  at  the 
rery  moment  of  battle,  and  awaited  the  issue  of  the  engagement.  For 
ihis  perfidy  he  was  put  to  death,  and  Alba  was  razed  to  the  ground. 
See  Schmitz's  Hist.  Rome. Annis.  What  is  the  common  construc- 
tion for  duration  of  time  ?  378. 

161.  Nova  ei  inoenia  circumdedit.     The  same  thought  may  be  ex- 


122  LATIN   READEE. 

PAGE 

56  pressed  thus :  No* is  earn  moenlbus  circumdedit ;  in  which  earn  is  the 

direct  object,  and  moembus,  the  ablative  of  means.     384,  II.   1 . 

Morbo  obiit.     Compare  morbo  decessii  (159). 

102.  Qui  ....  Tarquiniis  accepit.  He  was  called  Tarquinius  from 
the  city  Tarquinii  in  Etruria,  where  he  lived  many  years. 

57  163.  Minoruin  gentium,  supply  palres,  or  senatores. Ncc  paneos. 

lit.  nor  a  few  ;  render,  and  not  a  few. Ademptos,  from  adimo. 

Triumphans,  triumphing '=in  triumph.  The  honor  of  entering  Rome 
with  an  imposing  triumphal  procession  was,  in  later  times,  often  award- 
ed to  victorious  generals. Capitolium.  The  term  Capitol  was  some- 
times applied  to  the  temple  of  Jupiter,  and  sometimes  to  the  whole 

Capitoline  Hill,  including  both  the  temple  and  the  citadel. Per  Anel 

filios.  What  is  the  usual  construction  for  the  agent  after  passive 
verbs  ?    414,  5. 

164.  Ccnitns;  from^Ho. Adolevissct;  from  adoksco. 

165.  Tanaquil  .  .  .  dicens,  regem  . .  .  obediret.  This  wa3  the  de- 
vice which  Tanaquil,  the  widow  of  the  murdered  Tarquin,  employed  to 
place  her  son-in-law,  Servius  Tullius,  upon  the  throne.  Her  success  was 
complete. Dicctis.  What  is  the  direct  object  of  this  transitive  par- 
ticiple ?  550. Convalnisset ;  from  convalcsco. Montes  tres.    The 

Viminal,  Esquihne,  and  Coelian  Hills  are  undoubtedly  meant,  though 
the  Coelian  was  probably  added  under  the  reign  of  Ancus  Marcius.  The 
other  four  of  the  seven  hills,  the  Palatine,  Capitoline,  Quirinal,  and 

Aventine,  were  already  occupied. Ceasum*    The  census  was  taken 

every  five  years  for  the  purpose  of  ascertaining  the  number  of  citizen?, 
the  amount  of  property,  etc. In  agris,  in  the  f elds,  i.  e.  in  the  coun- 
try, or  territory  about  Rome. 

166.  Intcrfectus     est;    from    interficio. Qunci  .  .  .  rcdirct ; 

XXIV.  2,  1). 

167.  Cognomen      .  .  meruit ;  he  was  called  Supcrbns,  because  his 

character  deserved  the  title. Moribus;    observe  the  difference  of 

meaning  between  the  singular  and  the  plural,  132. 

5§  168.  In  exitiam,  lit.  into  the  destruction  ;  render,  for  the  destruc- 

tion. What  cases  does  in  admit,  and  with  what  significations?  435,  1. 
Ei,  against  him,  indirect  object. 

169.  Consules.  The  consuls  were  joint  presidents  of  the  Roman 
Commonwealth,  with  all  the  power  and  most  of  the  insignia  of  offico 

which  the  kings  had  assumed. Anniinm.  for  one  year. Plac nerat, 

lit.  it  had  pleased,  seemed  good  ;  render,  it  had  been  determined. 

Tarquiniorum  faniilia.    Collatinus  belonged  to  this  family.    He  was 

accordingly  deprived  of  his  office  and  went  into  exile. In  ejus  locum, 

lit.  into  his  place :  here,  by  a  difference  of  idiom,  it  must  be  rendered, 
in  his  place. 


NOTES.  123 

PAGB 

170.  Scss  inTkem,  lit  themselves  in  turn  ;  render,  each  other. 59 

Luxerunt;  from  lugeo. Qninquc  consules*     One  consul  had  been 

deprived  of  his  office  during  the  year,  one  had  been  slain  in  battle,  and 
another  had  died. 

171.  Herat  ins  ....  esset.  This  achievement  of  Horatius  Codes, 
and  that  of  Mucius  Scaevola,  mentioned  below  (172),  became  famous  in 
the  annals  of  Rome.     They  have  been  celebrated  in  prose  and  verse. 

See  Macaulay's  Lays  of  Ancient  Rome. Donee  .  .  .  ruptus  esset, 

XXIV.  2,  1). Ad  SHOS,  to  his  friends,  companions. 

172.  Castra;  observe  difference  of  meaning  between  the  singu- 
lar and  the  plural.  132. Seribam  pro  rcge.  He  mistook  the  secre- 
tary for  the   king. Tcrrcret,  endeavored  to  terrify.     469,   1. 

Donee  ....  coasampta  esset.     XXIV.  2,  1). €©nsenuit;  from  6© 

conscnesco. 

173;   Exactos;    from  exigo. Qaestns  •,    from   qucror. Qnod 

.  .  .  .  exhaariretur ;  XXIV.  2,  1). Sccessit;  from  secido. Pa- 

tres,  senators]  see  above  (158). Qui ....  conciliarct;  XXIV.  3,  2). 

Tribuni  plebis.     The  tribunes  were  at  first  two  in  number,  then 

five,  and  finally  ten.  Their  persons  were  sacred  and  they  were  clothed 
with  great  power.  They  might  at  any  time,  by  their  power  of  veto,  ar- 
rest the  action  of  the  magistrates,  or  even  of  the  senate. 

174.  Milliarinm  urbis,  lit.  milestone  of  the  city  ;  render,  milestone 
from  the  city.  The  Roman  roads  were  furnished  with  milestones  mark- 
ing the  distance  from  the  city. 

175.  Dnce  Fabio  console,  lit.  Fabius  the   consul  (being)  leader  ;   61 

render,  under  the  command  of  Fabius  the  consul. Qunm  .  .  .  .  vi- 

tissent,  XXIV.  2, 1). Pellexissent ;  from  pellicio. Exorto;  from 

exorior. Periernnt ;    from  pereo. Potnerat ;  from  possum. 

Pmdcnti  ennctatione,  by  prudent  delay.  Fabius,  in  the  second  Punic 
war,  deliberately  adopted  the  policy  of  weakening  Hannibal  by  delay,  i.  e. 

by  not  allowing  him  an  engagement.  His  policy  was  entirely  successful. 

176.  In  co  erant,  at  ...  .  emcrcnt,  they  were  in  this,  i.  e.  in  such 
a  condition,  that  they  would  purchase  ;  the  meaning  is,  they  were  on  the 
point  of  purchasing. 

177.  Magnitudine.  What  other  case  might  have  been  used?  396,  IV. 

Provocavit,  challenged. Bine,  hence,  i.  e.  from  the  fact  of  taking  62 

the  torquis  and  adorning  himself  with  it.  Torquati  is  derived  from 
torquis. 

178.  Cum  honore  dictatoris,  with  the  rank  of  dictator.  The  dictator 
was  appointed  only  in  times  of  great  danger,  and  was  invested  with  al- 
most unlimited  power  for  a  period  of  six  months. Magistro  equitum. 

This  is  the  title  of  an  officer  always  appointed  in  connection  with  the 
dictator,  or  by  him. Occasioned  cactus,  taking  advantage  of  a  fa- 


124  LATIN   KEADEE. 

PAGE 

62  vorable  opportunity. JYactus  J  from  nanciscor. Capitis,  lit.  of  the 

head  ;  render,  to  death. 

179.  Post,  afterwards. Quid  ....  putaret;  XXIV.  2,  2). 

63  Respondit.     What  is  the  direct  object?  550. Dimittendos ;  supply 

esse. Sub  j  again.  The  yoke  wa3  thus  used  as  the  symbol  of  sub- 
mission and  servitude ;  it  consisted  of  a  spear  supported  horizontally 
by  two  others  placed  in  an  upright  position. 

180.  Quia  ....  feeissent.  If  this  reason  had  been  given  on  the 
authority  of  the  narrator,  the  indicative  would  have  been  used.  The 
subjunctive  implies  that  this  was  the  reason  then  alleged  for  waging  the 
war.  See  520,  II. Primum  .  .  .  transmarino  hoste.  Their  pre- 
vious wars  had  been  waged  with  various  nations  in  Italy  and  Gaul. 

Quum  ....  cepisset \  XXIV.  2,  1). Quaccunquc  ....  agcrcn- 

tur;  XXIV.  2,  3). 

181.  Anxilio  elepliantorum.  The  Romans  had  never  before  met 
elephants  in  battle,  and  indeed  were  unacquainted  with  the  animal.  The 
battle  was  fought  in  Lucania ;  accordingly  the  Romans  called  the  ele- 
phants Lucanian  oxen,  boves  Lucae. Per  ncctcm,  during  the  night. 

Adversis  vulncribus,  with  wounds  in  front:  it  was  a  disgrace  to 

receive  a  wound  in  the  back. Etiam  niortucs,  even  in  death. Ego 

....  sublgcrcm  ;  in  apposition  with  voce. 

182.  Perrcxit;  from  pcrgo. Octavo  derimo.     What  other  form 

C-3    of  this  numeral  is  common?  1*74. De  raptivis  redimendis;  lit.  con- 
cerning captives  to  be  ransomed:  the  meaning  is,  to  treat  ameer 

the  ransoming  of  captives. Fabriciuoi.     Fabricius  was  celebrated  for 

his  integrity.     See  note  on  "  Fabricius  "  above  (49,  6). l't  .... 

promitteret ;  XXIV.  2,  5). Contemptns  est ;  from  contemno. 

183.  Ojmm  ...  tcnerctnr ;   XXIV.  2,  1). Qni  .  .  .  prete- 

rct,  lit.  who  should  seek  :  render,  that  he  might  ask,  or  to  ask  ;  XXIV 

3,2). lit  Pyrrhns  ....  obtineret.     This  clause  expresses  the 

dition  on  which  Cineas  was  to  ask  peace,  and  may  accordingly  be  re- 
garded as  in  apposition  with  condiiiOne.     495,  3. Ex  Italia.     What 

construction  would  be  used,  if  the  name  of  a  town  should  be  substituted 

here?  421,  II. Rediisset;  from  redeo,  295,  3. Pyrrho;  indirect 

object  of  I'cspondit  ;  the  direct  object  is  the  clause,  se  regum  pain  »m 
vidisse.     550. Qualis  ....  visa  esset.     XXIV.  2,  2). 

184.  Altero,  second. Merfecti;  supply  «mn£ Vine  turn  ;  from 

vincio,  bound,  or  in  chains. "  Ille  .  .  .  ab  honestate  .  .  .  pokM." 

This  entire  sentence,  as  a  direct  quotation,  is  the  otyect  of  Uttme^  357, 1. 

Ille  est  Fabricius  qni.    Fabncius  it  that  one  who,  i.  o.  the  man, 

who. Honestate;  supply  avevti  potest. A  Tarcnto.  What  is  Un- 
common construction  ?  423,  I.;  423,  1. Recessit ;  from  n 

C5         185.  Post  nrbcci  cenditam.  lit.  afUr  the  i  it y  built ;  render,  after  the 


NOTES.  125 

PAGE 

bmld'mg  of  the  city,  580.     Rome,  the  city  here  spoken  of,  is  said  to  65 

have  been  founded  753  B.  C. Prim  urn  .  .  .  diniicavernnt.     This 

was  the  first  naval  engagement  of  the  Romans.     Their  previous  wars 

had  been  waged  only  on  land. DuilSio  .  .  .  consnlibas.    The  date 

of  an  event  was  generally  denoted  by  the  names  of  the  two  consuls  for 
that  year ;  in  the  consulship  of  Duillius  and  Asina,  lit.  Duillius,  Asina, 
consuls,  or  being  consuls.  These  names  are  thus  put  in  the  Ablative 
Absolute,  generally  without  the  connective  et. Mersit ;  from  mergo. 

186.  Pancis  .  .  .  interjectis,  lit.  a  few  years  having  been  thrown 
between  ;  render,  after  a  few  years  had  intervened,  or  after  an  interval 

of  a  few  years,  431,  2. Est  translatnm  ;  from  transfer -o. Sexa- 

ginta  quattnor.     May  quattuor  stand  before  sexaginta  ?    If  so,  would  ct 

be  expressed,    or  omitted?    174,  foot-note. Yiginti  duas ;  supply 

naves. Amiscrunt ;  from  amitto. Qucra  .  .  .  venisscnt ;  XXIV. 

2,  1). In  Mem  aecepcrnnt,  received  under  their  protection,  though 

as  subject  states. Captus ;  supply  est  from  next  clause.     See  also  66 

XXVI.  4. Conjcctns  est ;  from  conjicio. 

187.  Favit.    How  is  the  Perfect  of  this  verb  formed  ?  270.     How  is 

the  Perfect  regularly  formed  in  the  second  conjugation  ?  213,  II. 

Quum  victi  cssent;  XXIV.  2,  1). Ut  .  .  .  proficisccrctnr  .  .  .  ct 

impetraret.  Verbs  of  asking  take  two  Accusatives,  or  Objects :  these 
clauses  may  accordingly  be  treated  as  one  of  the  objects  of  rogaverunt, 
while  at  the  same  time  they  express  the  purpose  of  the  request.  492,  2  ; 

374,  4. Dixit.   Give  the  direct  object  of  this  verb,  550. Dcsiisse ; 

from  dcsino. Ilia  die.     What  is  the  usual  gender  of  dies  t  121. 

Mos,  that  they,  i.  e.  the  Carthaginians. Illos  ....  habere.     This 

infinitive-clause  does  not  strictly  depend  upon  suasit,  but  upon  a  verb, 

or  participle,  signifying  to  say,  involved  in  it.  530,  1. Fractos  ;  from 

frango. Tanti  non  esse,  that  it  was  not  of  so  much  importances. 

worth  the  while. 

188.  Pnnici,  Punic,  i.  e.  Carthaginian.     The  word  is  derived  from 

Poeni. Captae,  demersae,  eapta;  supply  sunt  from  occisa  sunt. 

Dcmersac ;  from  demergo. Citra  Iberum,  on  this  side  of  the  Ebro, 

i.  e.  on  the  side  toward  Rome,  the  northern  side. Bccesscrnnt ;  from 

decldo. 

189.  Novem  annos  natnm,  lit.  having  been  born  nine  years:  render,   67 

when  he  was  nine  years  old  ;  XX.  3. Hie  .  .  .  aetatis,  he  living,  or 

passing  the  twentieth  year  of  his  age  ;  render,  he  when  in  his  twentieth 

year  ;  XX.  3. Q,ni  quum,  when  he,  i.  c.  Hannibal,  453. Misernttt. 

The  object  is  legatos  understood,  though  it  is  scarcely  necessary  to  sup- 
ply it  in  translating. Socios,  the  allies,  meaning  the  citizens  of  Sa- 

guntum. Reddita ;  supply  sunt. 

190.  Fratrc  .  .  .  rclicto.     Hannibal  left  his  brother  in  Spain  to 


126  LATIN   READER. 

PACK 

67  take  care  of  that  province  in  his  absence. Transiit ;  from  transco> 

295,  3. Traditur,  he,  i.  e.  Hannibal,  is  said, Se  conjnnxerunt. 

Why  is  se  here  used,  rather  than  eos  or  illos  ?  449,  I. Dedideran* , 

68  from  dcdo. Progressus;    from  progredior. Interemptas;    from 

interimo  ;  supply  est. 

191.  Qningentesimo  dnodequadragesimo.  For  combination  of  nu 
morals,  see  1*74. Intellectnm  erat ;  from  i ntclligo.  The  infinitive- 
clause,  Hannib&lem  .  .  .  posse,  is  the  subject. Mora*     The  Roman 

general,  Fabius,  had  adopted  with  great  success  the  policy  of  weakening 
Hannibal  by  delay,  i.  e.  by  not  allowing  him  an  engagement.    See  above 

(175). Victi,  capti,  occisi;    supply  sunt  with  each  participle. 

Pcrienmt ;  from  pcrco. Quod.    This  relative  does  not  relate  to  any 

particular  word  as  its  antecedent,  but  to  the  leading  proposition,  or  the 
fact  mentioned  in  it ;  the  relative  is  accordingly  neuter,  as  clauses  used 
substantively  uniformly  take  that  gender,  42,  III.  2. Factum ;  sup- 
ply erat. 

192.  Obtalii ;  from  offtro.  Here  obtalit  takes  Romania  as  its  in- 
direct object,  while  the  direct  object  appears  in  the  form  of  a  clause, 
viz.  ut  captlvos  redimcrent.  This  is  plainly  the  offer  made  to  the  Ro- 
mans ;  but  this  clause  alsa  states  the  purpose  of  the  offer,  viz.  that  they 
might  ransom  the  prisoners.     Hence  the  subjunctive  rcdimSrcnt.    492. 

Qui  .  .  .  potnisscnt,  who  had  been  able  ;  XXTV.  2,  5). Armati. 

The  senate  regarded  it  as  a  disgrace,  that  any  should  be  captured  so 

long  as  they  had  arms  to  defend  themselves. Anrcornm  annnSornni. 

See  note  on  the  same  (67,  6). lies  oraaes.    Observe  position  at  the 

beginning  of  the  sentence  to  mark  emphasis.     594,  I. Detraxcrat ; 

from  detr&ho.     How  is  the  Perfect  formed  ?     258,  I.  1. Ilasdrubsl 

....  exercitn.     See  above  (190,  line  1). Reraanserat ;   from  re- 

maneo. Dnobns  Sclpioaibas.      These  were  Cnacus  Cornelius  Scipio 

and  Publius  Cornelius  Scipio,  the  latter  the  father  of  Publius  Cornelius 
Scipio  Africanus,  who  defeated  Hannibal  at  Zama.     See  below  (19G). 

193.  Res  prcspcre  gesta  est,  a  successful  battle  was  fought.  In  a 
military  sense,  remgero  frequently  has  this  meaning. Magaani  hajns 

69  insnlae  partem.     For  arrangement  of  words,  see  598,  8. Indc, 

thence,  i.  e.  from  Syracuse. In  Macedonia.      What  construction 

would  have  been  used,  if  this  had  been  the  name  of  a  town  instead  of 

that  of  a  country  ?  421,  II. In  deditionem  accepit,  lit.  rtcthedinto 

surrender  ;  the  meaning  is,  accrj>!e<l  the  terms  of  a  surrender. Pe* 

grcssns  est ;  from  rcgrcdior. 

194.  Dno  Sclpiones.  Sec  duobm  Scipionibus  (192)  and  note  on  the 
eame.     They  were  both  slain  in  battle  within  a  month  of  each  other, 

in  the  year  212  B.  C. Hie,  pner  dnodeviginti  annornm,  he  mkm  a 

boy  tighttcn  years  of  age,  3G3,  3. Post  Cladcm  Caancascni,  af'cr  th* 


NOTES.  127 

PAGB 

defeat  at  Cannae  (191). Viginti  qnattnor  ....  natns,  lit.  having  69 

been  born  twenty-four  years  ;  render,  when  twenty-four  years  of  age. 

Carthaginem  Novain,  New  Carthage,  a  city  in  Spain,  founded  soon 

after  the  first  Punic  war  by  Hasdrubal,  brother-in-law  of  Hannibal.  It 
was  named  after  Carthage  in  Africa  ;  its  present  name  is  Carthagena. 
Parentibns,  to  their  parents. Transierunt ;  from  transeo. 

195.  Crealns;   supply  est. Miilibus  .  .  .  militibus.     When  is 

millia  followed  by  the  Genitive  and  when  by  its  own  case  ?  1*78. 

Qna  re  audita,  lit.  which  thing  having  been  heard;  render,  having  heard 
this,  or  on  hearing  thii,  431,  2,  3). 

196.  Plus  semt\=phis  quam  semel,  more  than  once. Ad  Zamam,   7© 

near  Zama. Peritissimi  duces,  Hannibal  and  Scipio  are  meant. 

Scipio  victor  rcccdit,  lit.  withdrew  victor  ;  render,  left  the  field  as  victor, 

or  simply  was  victorious. Siigenti  gloria  trinmp ha vit#     Compare  ami 

in genti  gloria  .  .  .  rcgressus  est  (193). Africanus.      This  title  was 

conferred  upon  Scipio  in  commemoration  of  his  victories  in  Africa. 
See  also  nomen  Africani  junioris  (200). 

197.  Finite  Punico  bcllo.     Which  Punic  war  is  meant?  (185  and 

189). Macedonicum  ;  supply  bcllum. Contra  Phiilppuni.    This 

limits  bellum  understood,  the  war  against  Philip,  352,  II. Itegeui. 

Philip  was  king  of  Macedonia. 

198.  Rebellavit,  rebelled,  i.  e.  renewed  the  war  against  Rome. 

Bex.    What  king  ? Dederet,  dedidernnt ;  from  dedo. Rcmorum 

©rdines,  banks  of  oars.  These  were  arranged,  one  above  another,  so 
that  the  oars  belonging  to  the  highest  ordo,  or  bank,  were  much  longer 
than  those  belonging  to  the  lowest.  War-vessels  generally  had  three 
banks,  and  were  accordingly  called  triremes  (tres,  remi),  but  it  was  no 
uncommon  thing  to  see  vessels  with  four  or  five  banks,  and  some  are 

said  to  have  had  thirty  or  forty. Ante  curruns,  before  the  charwt,   71 

i.  e.  of  the  conqueror.  In  the  triumphal  procession,  the  captives  and 
spoils  preceded  the  chariot  of  the  victor,  while  the  victorious  army 
followed  it. 

199.  Snsceptnm  est  *,  from  snscipio. 3b3,  there,  i.  e.  in  Africa. — — 

Per  Scipionem*    What  is  the  common  construction  for  the  Agent  of 

passive  verbs  ?  414,  5. Tribnnns,  tribune,  an  officer  in  the  army 

commanding  a  part  of  a  legion.  The  number  of  tribunes  to  each  legion 

was  at  first  three  or  four,  afterward  six. Nepetcm,  grandson,  but 

only  by  adoption.  He  was  the  son  of  Aemilius  Paulus,  the  celebrated 
general,  who  conquered  Macedonia.     See  above  (198). 

200.  Qaum  .  .  .  essct  .  .  .  nomen,  when  now  the  name  of  Scipio 

vxis  (or,  had  become)  great;  XXIV.  2,  1). Missns;  supply  est 

Aterrime  defensam,  lit.  most  valiantly  defended  ;  render,  though  (it  was) 
most  valiantly  defended. Pacta ;  supply  est. Piarima,  very  many 


128  LATIN   READER. 

PAGE 

71  things,  referring  especially  to  the  works  of  art,  statues  and  votive 
offerings,  which  the  Carthaginians  had  taken  from  the  temples  of  the 
conquered  cities  in  Sicily. 

72  201.  Exortnm  est;    from  exorior. Civitate.    Logically  this  is 

in  apposition  with  Numaniia  implied  in  Numantlnis. Yictus  \  sup- 
ply €St. Pacem  infamcm.    The  terms  were  that  Numantia  should 

remain  free  and  independent. Tradi ;  depends  upon  jussit  in  the 

line  above. Miiitem ;  lit.  soldier,  the  individual  representing  the 

class;  render,  soldiery. Corrcxit ;  from  corrigo. Partim — par= 

tim  ;  lit.  partly— partly  ;  render,  either— or.  These  words  may,  how- 
ever, be  often  best  rendered  by  some — others,  followed  by  of.     Thus,  he 

captured  some  of  the  many  cities  of  Spain  and  accepted  otJiers,  etc. 

In  deditionem  accepit.    See  note  on  the  same  (193). 

202.  Anno  urbis  conditae  .  .  .  sexto,  in  the  six  hundred  and  sixty- 
sixth  year  from,  or  after  (lit.  of)  the  founding  of  the  city.  Urbis  con- 
ditae is  here  equivalent  to  post  urbem  conditam  (185),  or  ab  urbc  con- 

dila  (207). Romae.    What  case  would  have  been  used,  if  this  had 

been  a  noun  of  the  third  declension?  421,  II. Mithridatienm  ;  sup- 
ply bellum. Marius,  Sullae.     These  generals  were  the  leaders  of 

rival  political  parties.  Marius  was  supported  by  the  common  people 
and  Sulla  by  the  nobles. Adversns  Mithridatem.  This  limits  bel- 
lum, 398,  4. Qnnm  .  .  .  decretnm  esset ;  the  meaning  is :  when  tlic 

management  of  the  war  had  been  entrusted  to  him  by  a  decree  of  the 
Senate.    The  Subjunctive  is  here  rendered  according  to  XXIV.  2,  1). 

Decretnm  esset ;  from  deccrno. Ei,  i.  e.  Sullae. Qnnm — turn. 

Usual  meaning,  not  only — but  also  ;  both — and,  etc. ;  render  here  either 
— or. Compositis ;  from  compono. Profcctns  est ;  from  proficis- 

73  cor. Asia,  qnam  invaserat.  Not  all  Asia,  but  that  portion  of  it  which 

he  had  invaded,  referring  especially  to  those  portions  of  Asia  Minor 
west  of  his  own  dominions. 

203.  In  Graecia  et  Asia.  Mithridates,  emboldened  by  his  success 
in  Asia  Minor,  had  sent  an  army  into  Greece.     Athens  and  Thebes 

were  at  this  time  in  his  possession. Fngatns  fnerat.     Marius  had 

been  for  sometime  in  concealment. Inns  ex,  one  of;  lit.  one  from. 

Ingress! ;  from  ingrcdior. DInltos  proseripsernDt,  pro*-- 

many.  In  the  civil  wars,  Sulla  caused  lists  of  the  names  of  those  per 
sons  whom  he  wished  to  have  killed  to  be  exposed  to  public  inspection. 
Those  whose  names  were  on  these  lists  were  outlawed  or  proseribed, 
and  any  one  might  slay  them  and  claim  a  reward ;  their  property  was 
confiscated,  and  their  descendants  were  excluded  from  all  ofl'u 
honor  and  trust.  See  Smith's  Dirt,  of  Q,  and  R.  Antiquities;  also 
S-hmitz's  Hist,  of  Bom*. Compulernnt ;  from  com/><  lh. San- 
guine.    Gender?         (ivinm.     Genitive  plural,  how  formed?  65,  3,  \\ 


NOTES.  1 29 

PAGB 

■ De,  lit.  concerning  ;  render  in  this  instance,  over. Italknra,   73 

civile  ;  supply  helium. Soeiale  dietnm  est ;  this  is  the  predicate  of 

the  relative  clause. Yiros  consulares,  men  who  had  been  consuls,  i.  e. 

men  of  consular  rank  or  dignity =ex-consuls.  The  consuls,  it  will  be 
remembered,  were  two  in  number,  were  elected  for  one  year,  and  had 

all  the  powers  of  king.     See  note  on  "  Consules  "  (169). Praetorios, 

those  who  had  been  praetors.  When  the  office  of  praetor  was  first  insti- 
tuted, only  one  was  appointed,  who  was  to  act  as  a  kind  of  third  consul 
with  the  leading  part  in  the  administration  of  justice ;  about  a  century 
later  a  second  was  added,  called  praetor  peregrinus,  to  administer  jus- 
tice among  foreigners  and  strangers  resident  at  Rome.  The  number  of 
praetors  was  increased  from  time  to  time,  until  at  the  beginning  of  the 
civil  wars  of  Sulla  and  Marius,  it  was  six  ;  and  in  the  dictatorship  of 
Sulla  it  was  raised  to  eight.  See  Smith's  Diet,  of  G.  and  R.  Antiqui- 
ties, and  Schmiiz's  Hist.  Rome. Aedilities,  those  who  had  been  acdiles. 

The  aediles  (from  aedes)  were  Roman  magistrates  who  had  charge  of 
the  public  buildings,  highways,  etc.,  and  acted  as  city  police.     They 

were  at  first  two  in  number,  afterwards  more.     See  Smith's  Diet. 

Senatores.  The  Roman  senate  (from  senex)  was  regarded  as  a  body  of 
elders  or  fathers  (patres).  The  number  was  at  first  100  (see  158),  then 
200  (see  163),  and  finally  300,  which  continued  to  be  the  number  until 
the  time  of  the  civil  wars  between  Sulla  and  Marius.  The  number  was 
then  increased  to  500  or  600  by  the  election  of  a  large  body  of  Roman 
knights.     See  Smith's  Diet. 

204.  Cemmotnm  est ;  from  commoveo. Gladiatores.    Gladiators 

were  men  who  fought  for  the  amusement  of  the  Roman  people.  They 
consisted  mostly  of  prisoners,  slaves,  and  malefactors;  they  were 
trained  in  the  skilful  us .5  of  weapons  at  schools  established  for  the  pur- 
pose (ludo  gladiatorio). Capnac,  at  Capua. Hannibal ;  subject  74 

of  movit  understood. Contraxernnt ;  from  contraho  :  explain  for- 
mation of  the  Perfect;  258,1.  1. Yicerunt ;  from  vinco. Pro- 

eonsnlc*  The  proconsul,  as  the  name  implies,  was  one  who  acted  with 
the  power  of  a  consul.  Those  who  had  been  consuls  (viri  consulares) 
were  often  allowed  to  assume  the  government  of  provinces,  and  to  ex- 
ercise in  these  provinces  all  the  powers  of  a  consul ;  they  were  then 

called  proconsuls. itnliae*     Is  this  genitive  objective,  or  subjective  * 

306,  II. 

205.  Per  ilia  tempera.  TIow  could  tcmplra  be  governed  without 
the  preposition  ?  378.  Per  makes  the  idea  of  duration  more  promi- 
nent, throughout  those  times. Maria.     What  is  the  ending  of  the 

stem  ?  63. Id  beilniB,  this  war,  i.  e.  that  against  the  pirates. Dc- 

erctnni  est ;  from  decerno.  For  the  meaning  see  note  on  "Quum  .... 
decretum   csset  "  (202). Menses ;    give   gender,  107,  2. Contra 


130  LATIN  EEADEE. 


J  AGE 


74  rcgera.     This  limits  helium. Quo  snscepto,  lit.  which  having  been 

undertaken  ;  render,  having  undertaken  this  ;  431,  2,  (3). Tantnai, 

only. Coactas  ;  from  cogo. Ilaasit ;  from  haurio. Hone  vitac 

fiacm.  For  the  order  of  these  words,  see  598,  3,  and  for  their  porftkn 
at  the  beginning  of  the  sentence,  see  594,  I. 

206.  Me  se  ei.     What  nouns  are  represented  by  these  pronouns  ? 

75   Dedidit ;  from  dedo. Grand!  petunia,  a  large  sum  of  money, 

according  to  Plutarch,  6,000  talents,  more  than  $6,000,000. Seleu- 

ciam  Hbertate  donavit.    What  two  constructions  occur  ?  384,  1. 

Qnia  .  .  .  tnlcrat  \  quod  .  .  .  rccepisset.  These  are  both  causal  clauses. 
The  first,  with  the  Indicative,  stntes  the  reason  as  &fact,  while  the  se- 
cond, with  the  Subjunctive,  implies  that  the  reason  was  assigned  by 

Pompey.     520. Gecisis  ;  from  occido. His  gestis,  lit.  by  meam 

of  these  things  done,  i.  e.  by  these  achievements,  Abl.  of  Means,  414,  4. 

Antiquissimo  bello.     This  war  continued  nearly  thirty  years. 

Ante  triuiupnantis  currum,  lit.  before  the  chariot  of  (him)  triumphing  ; 
render,  before  his  chariot,  as  lie  triumphed,  referring  to  the  triumphal 
procession. Fiiii  Mitbridatis*  They  were  five  in  number. In- 
finitum pondus.     According  to  Plutarch,  this  amounted  to  20,000 

talents,  more  than  $20,000,000. (h* be m  terrarum,  strictly  the  world, 

but  sometimes  used  by  the  Romans  with  special  reference  to  the  Ro- 
man Empire. 

207.  Cicerone  et  Antonio  consnlibus,  lit.  Cicero  and  Antony  (being) 
consxds :  render,  when  Cicero  and  Antony  were  consuls,  or,  in  the  con- 
sulship of  Cicero,   etc. Dcprchcnsi ;    from   deprchendo.      Supply 

sunt  from  the  next  clause. 

208.  Qn!j:n  ....  deereta  CSSCt,  ivhen  Gaul  had  been  assigned  to  him 
by  decree,  i.  e.  as  a  military  province  ;  XXIV,  2,  1). Yineendo  pro- 

76  cessit,  proceeded  by  conquering,  i.  e.  advanced  victoriously. Oceannm 

Bri tannic nm,  British  Ocean,  i.  e.  the  English  Channel. Omnem  (Wil- 
liam quae,  etc.     Not  all  Gaul,  but  that  portion  which  is  bounded  as 

described. Kc  nomen  quideni,  not  even  the  name  ;  602,  111.  2. 

Cognitum  ;  from  cognosco. 

209.  Abscns.  It  was  unlawful  for  a  general,  while  in  command  of 
an  army,  to  offer  himself  as  a  candidate  for  the  consulship,  and  indeed 
for  any  one  to  do  so  while  absent  from  Rome.  Caesar  was  both  absent 
from  Rome  and  in  command  of  an  army. Quern  quum  .  .  .  deter- 
rent, eontradictum  est,  etc.,  when  many  would  confer  this,  etc.,  vj 

lion  (or,  objection)  was  made. Dimissis  ;  from  dimitto. Transiit : 

from  transeo. Dictatorcni.     See  note  on  "  Dictatoris  "  (178). 

210.  Inde,  thence,  i.  e.  from  Rome. Ilispanlas,  Spain.      The 

plural  is  often  used,  as  the  country  was  di\  hied  into  two  parts,  viz. 
etierlor,  on  this  side  of  the  Ebro,  i.  e.  on  the  side  toward  Koine,  and 


NOTES.  131 

PAG  J! 

ulterior,  beyond  the  Ebro. Nee  ....  superari*    This  entire  clause  76 

is  the  object  of  dixit.     550. Nee,  and  not,  587,  I.  2. Vincere. 

This  is  the  object  of  scire  ;  Caesar  said  that  Pompey  did  not  know 

(what  ?)  to  conquer,  or  how  to  conquer. IngentiMs  ....  commissis, 

with  great  forces  engaged  on  both  sides. Pugnatum  est,  the  battle  teas  77 

fought. Direpta  sunt ;  from  diripio. A  rege  Aegypti.  This  king 

was  the  last  of  the  Ptolemies  and  the  brother  of  Cleopatra. Occidit  \ 

slew,  though  not  with  his  own  hands.     He  employed  men  to  do  it. 

Gcneri.  Pompey  had  married  Julia,  the  daughter  of  Caesar ;  while  she 
lived,  she  was,  of  course,  a  strong  bond  of  union  between  the  two,  but 
she  had  died  six  years  before  the  battle  of  Pharsalia. 

211.  Qaa  de  causa,  for  which  cause.    For  the  order  of  words,  see 

602,  II.  1. Pouipeianaruni  ....  reliquias, /A<?  remnant  of  Pompey' 8 

party. Insolcutiiis  ageret  He  allowed  himself  to  be  proclaimed  con- 
sul for  ten  years,  imperator  and  dictator  for  life.     This  was  a  virtual 

overthrow  of  the  Roman  Republic. Conjuratuni  est ;  a  conspiracy 

was  formed. Sexaginta  vcl  amplias,  sixty  or  more. Inter  conju- 

ratOS ;  lit.  among  the  having  conspired,  i.  e.  among  the  conspirators. 

Bruti  duo  ;  viz.  Marcus  and  Decimus. Illius  Bruti.   See  above 

(169). Rcgibus  expulsis,  lit.  the  kings  having  been  banished;  ren- 
der, after  the  banishment  of  the  kings. Quum  .  .  .  TCilisset ;  XXIV. 

2,  1). Confossus  est ;  from  confodio. 

212.  Iatsrfecto;  from  interficio. A  Caesaris  parti  bus  stabat,  78 

favored  the  party  of  Caesar  (stood  by  the  party,  etc.). Magistcr 

eqniiam.    See  note  on  " Magistro  equitum"  (178). Susceptus  est ; 

from  susc'pio. Octavianus.     He  was  the  son  of  Octavius,  but  was 

adopted  by  Julius  Caesar,  with  the  name  Octavianus  Caesar. Patris 

sui,  i.  e.  his  father  by  adoption,  Julius  Caesar. Extorsit  ;  from  ex- 
tor  queo. Ut  .  .  .  darctnr.     This  clause  expresses  both  the  direct 

object  of  extorsit  and  the  purpose  of  the  action  :  Caesar  extorted  (what  ?) 
that  the  consulship  should  be  given,  and  (for  what  purpose  ?)  in  order 
thai  it  might  be  given.  See  492,  1. Viginti  annorum.  The  age  re- 
quired by  law  was  forty-three. Junetus ;  from  jungo. Proscrip- 

sit.    See  note  on  "  Proscripscrunt "  (203). Per  hos.    By  whom  ? 

213.  Profecti.    This  is  in  the  plural  to.  agree  with  Octavianus  et 

Antonius. Seeundo ;  supply proelio. Infinitam  nobilitatem,  quae, 

lit.  the  infinite  nobility,  which  ;  render,  the  countless  nobles,  who. 

Vit-tam  interfeeerunt,  lit.  they  slew  (them)  being  conquered ;  render, 

they  conquered  and  slew.     See  579. llispanias.     See  note  on  this 

word  (210). Galiias.  The  plural  is  used  because  the  Romans  divided  79 

the  country  into  two  parts,  viz.  Gallia  ulterior  or  Transalplna,  or  Gaul 
beyond  the  Alps  ;  and  Gallia  ciierior  or  Cisalplna,  or  Gaul  on  Uui 
■iile  of  the  Alps  ;  i.  e.  on  the  side  toward  Rome. 

0 


132  LATIN  BEADER. 

PAOB 

79         214.  Repudiate  sorore.    Antony  had  married  Octavia,  the  sister  of 

Octavianus. Ixorem  dnxit,  married,  lit.  lead  as  wife.  The  language 

is  explained  by  the  fact  that  the  bride  was  usually  conducted  to  her 
new  home  by  her  husband  and  friends.     See  note  on  "  JVubcre"  (152). 

Qnl  locus.     The  relative  here  has  only  the  force  of  an  adjective. 

DcsperatiS  rcbns,  lit.  tilings  having  been  despaired  of ;  render,  as 

his  cause  was  desperate  (or  hopeless). luteremit ;  from  interimo. 

Ex  CO  inde  tempore,  from  this  time,,  or  from  this  time  forth,     huh 
noed  not  be  translated. Ante;  Adverb,  before,  or  previously. 


GRECIAN    HISTORY. 

80  215.  Pugnae  ....  faccrcnt,  did  not  give  him  an  opportunity  of 

coming   to  an  engagement.     XXIV.  2,  1). Ponte  Istri,  the  bridge 

over  the  Ister,  i.  e.  the  Danube ;  lit.  the  bridge  of  the  Istcr. Qaum 

redlisset  $  XXIV.  2,  1) ;  518,  II. Eiqne.    Ei  refers  to  the  fleet. 

216.  Praefccti  regii,  the  royal  commanders,  i.  e.  Datis  and  Arta- 
phernes. Appnlsa;  from  appello. In  Campum  Marathona,  into 

81  the  plain  of  Marathon.     For  ending  a,  see  68,  1. Ab  oppido, /rom 

the  city,  i.  e.  from  Athens. Circiter  ....  decern.     The  distance  by 

any  suitable  road  was  somewhat  greater  than  this. Ea,  this,  \.  e.  this 

state ;  supply  civitas. Decern  ....  completa  sunt,  the  number  of  ten 

thousand  armed  men  v)as  completed,  or  filled  up.     Thus  there  were  9000 

Athenians  and  1000  Plataeans. Sab  mentis  radieibns,  at  the  base  of 

the  mountain. Commisernnt ;  from  commilto. Suls,  for  his 

441,  1. Tanto  pins,  so  much  more. 

217.  Qanm  Darius  decessisset,  when  Darius  had   dial;  XXIV. 

2,  1). Decessisset;  from  dccido. In  ipso  apparatn,  in  the  midst 

of  his  very  preparations,  i.  e.  while  actually  engaged  in  preparing  for  a 

second  invasion. Ilojas  <l:i:  sis,  the  feet  of  this  one,  i.  o.  Xerxes  ; 

render  his  feet. Navinm  longarnm,  ships  of  war,  called  longac,  be- 
cause they  were  built  much  longer  than  the  ships  of  burden  (on<  r 

rum). Xaviimi  ....  fait,  was  of ...  .  ships,  i.  e.  consisted  <<t\  etc, 

DC  adventa.     This  is  an  attributive  modifier  of  fcona, — the  report 

of  his  approach. Petl,  to  be  aimed  at. Misernnt  Delphos,  th<;i 

sent  to  Delphi  ;  object  omitted,  sei.t  nnsscngcrs.     The  IVlphie  oraele 
was  the  most  famous  in  Greece. Dc  rebns  snis,  lit.  concerning  their 

Si3   things,    i.    e.  for   their   softy. Id  .  .  .  .  Yalerct,    What    this   answer 

meant. CI  ....  COnfcrreut.      This  elar.se  is  the  predicate  after  esse, 


NOTES.  133 

PAGE 

as  it  states  what  the  design  was. Eum — lignenm,  for  that  that  82 

wooden  wall  was  meant,  etc.,  i.  e.  that  that  was  the  wooden  wall  meant, 

etc. Triremes.    See  note  on  "  Remorum  ordines  "  (198). Majo- 

ribus  natn,  old  or  aged  men,  elders. 

218.  IIujus  consilium,  the  plan  of  this  one,  i.  e.  Themistocles. 

Deleeti,  picked  men. Qui occnparent ;  XXIV.  3,  2. Ther- 

mopylas.  Thermopylae  is  a  narrow  pass  between  Locris  and  Thessaly, 
immortalized  as  the  scene  of  one  of  the  most  remarkable  instances  of 
heroic  daring  and  self-sacrifice  recorded  in  history,  that  of  Leonidas  and 

his  three  hundred  Spartans,  here  mentioned. Barbados,  Barbarians, 

i.  e.  the  Persians.    The  term  was  applied  to  all  who  were  not  Greeks. 

Non  snstinnernnt.    They  were  unable  to  resist  the  overwhelming 

force  brought  against  them,  but  they  performed  prodigies  of  valor  unsur- 
passed in  the  annals  of  war. Classis  ....  n avium,  the  common 

feet  of  Greece  (i.  e.  the  fleet  of  all  Greece),  consisting  of,  etc. An- 

gnstias*     The  narrow  channel,  Euripus,  between  Boeotia  and  Euboea, 

is  here  meant. Aneipiti  pcrknlo,  by  a  double  danger,  i.  e.  by  being 

confined  in  the  channel  with  one  foe  in  front  and  another  in  the  rear. 

Exadvcrsum  Athenas,  over  against  Athens.    JExadversum,  like  ad- 

versum,  admits  the  Accus.,  433. 

219.  Thermopylis  5  see  above  (218). Astn,  the  city,  i.  e.  Athens.  §3 

The  word  is  often  thus  applied. Idqne,  and  this,  i.  e.  the  city  of 

Athens. Cajns,  of  this,  i.  e.  of  the  burning  of  the  city. Themis- 
tocles nuns  rcstitit,  Themistocles  alone  stood  firm,  objected. Univer- 

SOS,  all  together,  united. Idqne  ....  affirmabat,  lit.  he  affirmed  to 

Earybiadcs  that  this  would  be,  etc.,  i.  e.  he  assured  him  that  this  would 

be  the  result. Snmmae,  dative  depending  upon  praeerat.    386. 

De  servis  snis,  qnem,  etc.,  one  of  his  servants,  whom,  etc. Snis  ver- 
bis, in  his  words,  i.  e.  in  his  name,  from  him. IVnntiarct.     This 

verb  has  ei  as  its  indirect  object,  and  all  the  rest  of  the  sentence  after 
verbis  as  its  direct  object.  550. Confecturnm ;  supply  cum,  refer- 
ring to  the  king. Oppressnrum ;  from  opprbno. Hoc  co  valebat, 

the  object  of  this  was. Barbaras,  barbarian,  meaning  Xerxes. 

Contra,  on  the  contrary,  on  the  other  hand. Explkari,  to  be  unfold- 
ed, L  e.  to  be  brought  into  successful  action. 

220.  Hie  etsi  ....  gesserat,  although  he  (Xerxes)  had  fought  an 
unsuccessful  battle;   516,    III. Ut  ....  posset   hestes ;    XXIV. 

2,  5). Ab  codem,  by  the  same  one,  i.  e.  Themistocles:    eodem,   it   g£ 

must  be  observed,  does  not  belong  to  gradu. Gradn,  from  his  po- 
sition.  Certiorem  fecit ;  XXVI.  1. Id  agi,  lit.  that  it  was  doing ; 

render,  was  in  contemplation. In  Hellesponto,  over  the  Hellespont. 

< Reversns  est  *,  from  revcrto,  revcrtor,  Dep.  in  certain  forms.    See 

273,  III.  verto. lTnirs  virf,  of  one  man,  i,  e.  Themistocles. 

J 


134  LATIN   READER. 

PAGE 

§4         221.  tyn&m-=*postquam  ;  427,  3. Intcrfettus  est,  destroyed,  cut 

in  pieces. 

222.  Pcriclis.  Pericles,  a  distinguished  orator  and  statesman  of 
Athens,  directed  the  counsels  of  state  for  many  years.  The  period  in 
which  he  lived  is  famous  in  Grecian  history  es  the  "  Age  of  Pericles." 

§5  Interjcctis ;     from  inter jicio. Clara  ;    observe  its  position ; 

594,  I. Patrimonii  contemptns,  disregard  of  patrimony,  referring 

to  the  fact  that  he  gave  his  ancestral  estates  to  the  republic,  as  ex-, 

plained  below. Ilostes  5  subject  of  reliqucrant. Id  suspuicnenr 

addnccrent ;  supply  eum  ;  that  they  might  bring  him  into  suspicion  of 

treachery. Navali  ....  dlmicatnm  est,  lit.  it  was  fought,  etc. ; 

render,  a  naval  battle  was  fought. In  annos  qninqnaginta,  lit.  info 

fifty  years  ;  render,  for  fifty  years. 

223.  Deccrnitur,  is  decreed,  or  authorized. Effnsae  snnt ;  from 

effundo. It  .  .  .  essent ;  XXIV.  2,  5). lis,  quibus ;  i.  e.  to  the 

Catinienses. Scenndo  Marte  pngnant,  lit.  they  fight,  Mars  being  pro- 
pitious ;  render,  they  fight  a  successful  battle,  or  successfully. Ab  his, 

by  these,  i.  e.  the  Lacedaemonians. Contraetis  ;  from  eontr&ho. 

§8         224.  Triremes.    See  note  on  "  Remdrum  ordfties"  (198). In 

hostinm  potestatem,  into  the  power  of  the  enemy.    In  is  construed  with 

potcstutem.     Observe  separation,  602,  II.  3. Simnl  enm,  at  the  same 

time  with,  or  simply  with. Sitae  sunt ;  from  sino. Quam  plnri- 

nias.  Quam  before  a  superlative  is  intensive,  and  is  often  best  ren- 
dered by  possible  ;  as,  quam  plurimas,  the  greatest  possible  number,  as 

many  as  possible,  or  sometimes  very  many. IVeque  minus  multas, 

lit.  nor  less  many  z=  and  not  less  many=and  as  many  more. 

225.  Darins*     This  was  Darius  the  Second,  and  not  the  one  spoken 
87  of  above  (215). lit  ....  mitterent ;  XXIV.  2,  5). In     ... 

locum,  lit.  into  lite  place  of ;  render,  to  take  the  place  of,  to  succeed. 

226.  Ct  nnmerus  ....  explcretur,  that  the  number  ....  might 

be  filled,  i.  e.  to  raise  the  required  number  of  soldiers. Coacti  sunt ; 

from  cogo. Procliis  adverso  Marte  pugnatis,  lit.  battles  f ought,  Mars 

being  adverse  ;  render,  having  lost  battles,  or  having  fought  unsuccess 

fully. Res  ....  inclinata  est.    The  power  of  the  Athenians  waa 

attcrly  overthrown  by  this  defeat.  The  figure  involved  in  the  verb 
incllno,  to  incline,  fall,  is  that  of  a  building  leaning  and  ready 
to  fall. 

227.  Nomcn  Athenicnsium,  the  Athenian  name=the  Athenian  stale 

or  nation. Negarunt  ....  passuros,    lit.  denied  that  they  would 

permit ;  render,  said  that  they  would  not  permit. Passuros.     "What 

is  the  object?  554,  III. Dnobns  oenlis,  the  two  eyes,  ilnse  #«N 

Athens  and  Sparta. Longi  murl  brarbia.    BefeWDce  li  btttt  made 

to  the  loii£  walls  which  connected  Athena  with   its  ports. Trbjiuta 


NOTES.  135 

PAGE 

rectores.    These  are  known  in  history  as  "  The  Thirty  Tyrants.'''' §7 

Dediti,  devoted  to,  i.  e.  to  the  interests  of. 

228.  Thrasybuius.    See  note  on  "  Thrasybido "  (136). Quod.  8§ 

This  relative,  it  will  be  observed,  does  not  agree  with  its  antecedent 
Phylen,  but  with  the  Predicate  noun  castellum  ;  445,  4. Triginta 

de  suis,  lit.  thirty  from  (of)  his  ;  render,  thirty  of  his  associates,  or 
thirty  associates. 

229.  Idem  imperator,  the  same,  i.  e.  Epaminondas,  when  commander, 

3f,3,  3. Boeotii,  the  Boeotians.     They  were  the  inhabitants  of  Boeo- 

tia,  north  of  Attica,  of  which  Thebes  was  the  chief  city. Ex  hastili, 

from  the  spear.  The  iron  point,  separated  from  the  shaft,  had  re- 
mained in  the  flesh. Extraxisset ;  from  eztraho. Vicisse  Boeo- 

tios,  that  the  Boeotians  (his  own  men)  had  conquered. 

230.  Leuctricam  pugnam,  the  battle  of  Leuctra.    This  battle  des-  §9 
troyed  the  power  of  Sparta  and  made  Thebes  the  leading  state  in 
Greece,  but  Thebes  speedily  lost  the  supremacy  after  the  death  of  Epa- 
minondas.  Athenienses,  non  nt  olim.      Formerly  Athens  had  been 

eminent  in  war  and  had  been  for  many  years  the  leading  state  in 
Greece,  but  of  late  the  sterner  virtues  had  disappeared  from  the  Athe- 
nian character,  and  the  love  of  ease,  luxury,  and  festivity  had  taken 
their  places.  Thus  Athens,  Sparta,  and  Thebes,  each  of  which  had 
been  in  turn  the  leading  state  in  Greece,  had  now  become  weak  and 
degenerate.     This  state  of  things  enabled  Macedonia  to  rise  to  power, 

as  mentioned  in  the  next  sentence. Obses  ....  Tliebis.     In  the 

year  369  B.  C,  when  the  power  of  Thebes  was  supreme  in  Greece, 
Amyntas,  king  of  Macedonia,  had  been  obliged  to  send  his  son  Philip 
as  a  hostage  to  that  powerful  capital. 

231.  Auraria ;  supply  melalla  from  the  next  clause. Argenti 

....  Thracia.     There  were  also  gold  mines  in  Thrace  near  Philippi. 

232.  Din  dissimulatum.    He  had  long  intended  to  make  war  upon  90 

Athens,  but  iad  from  policy  concealed  that  intention. Quorum 

causae  ....  junxcrunt,  to  whose  cause  the  Thebans  had  joined  them- 
selves, i.  e.  with  whom  they  had  allied  themselves. Quum,  though  ; 

516,  II. Assiduis  bellis  indurata,  hardened,  or  strengthened  by  con- 
tinual wars.  Philip  had  a  well-disciplined  army  of  veterans,  long  ac- 
customed to  severe  and  constant  service. Adversis  vulneribus.   See 

aote  on  the  same  (181). Hie  dies  ....  finivit.    The  battle  of 

Taaeronea  reduced  Greece  to  a  Macedonian  province. 

233.  Kujus  victoriae  ....  laetitia,  lit.  joy  of  this  victory  ;  ren- 
der, joy  on  account  of  this  victory. Coronas,  nnguenta.     The  Greeks 

often  made  use  of  crowns,  garlands,  ointments,  and  perfumes  on  joyous 

and  festive  occasions. Quantum  ....  fuit,  lit.  as  much  as  was  in 

kin ;    render,    as  far  as   was   in  his  power. lit  ....  victorcm 


136  LATIN   KEADEB. 


PAGE 


90  ...  .  scnlirct,  that  no  one  would  recognize  the  victor,  i.  e.  the  fact  that 

he  was  such. Bello  (ousnmptornm,  of  those  slain  in  war,  or  battle. 

Consumptorum  is  used  substantively ;  575. Id  formandnm  .... 

slat  urn,  lit.  to  form  the  state  of  present  things  ;  the  meaning  is,  to  ad- 
just or  settle  the  posture  of  affairs. A  axilla,  the  quotas,  i.  e.  the 

quotas  which  the  several  states  were  to  furnish. Erat ;  the  subject 

is  the  clause,  earn esse;  549. Suis  ;  supply  viribus. 

91  234.  DIedins  inter  dnos,  in  the  middle  between  tlie  two,  or  simply, 

between  the  two.    Medius  is  explained  by  inter  duos. Oecnpatis  an» 

gnstiis.     He  had  deliberately  placed  himself  in  a  narrow  passage  with 

the  determination  to  slay  the  king  as  he  passed. Ab  Altai  o,  by  At- 

talus,  one  of  Philip's  generals. Adversarium,  his  adversary,  mean- 
ing Attalus. Non  poterat;   supply  exigcre. Ab  iniqno  judice, 

from  the  unjust  judge,  meaning  Philip. 

235.  Deeeptis  hostibns,  lit.  in  the  deceived  enemy  ;  render,  indeceiv. 

ing  the  enemy.     580. Gandcre,  rejoiced,  Historical  Infinitive,  of 

which  several  other  examples  occur  in  this  paragraph. Hie  ;  sup- 
ply gaudire. Fnsis ;  supply  hostxbus. Die  ....  exercebat,  the 

latter  was  wont  to  exercise  his  royal  power  upon,  or  against,  his  friends. 
Amari ;  depends  upon  malle. Met ni ;  supply  malle. Soller- 

03  tiae  pater ;  supply  erat. Ille  ....  abstiaebat,  he  did  not  abstain 

from  (i.  e.  from  oppressing  or  annoying)  even  his  allies. Nee=d 

non,  is  here  rendered  not  even. Quibus  artibos,  by  these  arts,  refer- 
ring to  the  enumeration  just  given  of  the  characteristics  of  the  father 
and  son,  Philip  and  Alexander. 

236.  Caedis  conseios oeeidi  jussit.     It  was  a  common  custom 

in  antiquity  thus  to  slay  murderers  and  assassins  upon  the  graves  ot 
their  victims,  to  appease  the  shades,  or  spirits,  of  the  dead.  In  the 
same  way,  in  war,  prisoners  were  often  slain  over  the  graves  of  fallen 

heroes. Sibi ....  praefatns*     There  is  no  little  ostentation  in  this 

statement.     It  was  of  course  made  for  effect. Opes*     Object  of 

cogitdbant  understood;  construed  literally,  the  passage  would  read 
thus:  they  thought  of  nothing  if  not  the  riches,  i.  e.  if  tin  y  did  noUh'mk 

of  the  riches,  etc. ;  render,  they  thought  of  nothing  cxc</>t  tlu\  etc. 

In  Ilio,  in  Ilium,  i.  e.  in  the  district,  not  in  the  city  ;  hence  the  A  Ida 

tive  with  in,  not  the  Genitive,  as  in  the  names  of  towns. Tamalos 

lieroani.  In  the  vicinity  of  Troy,  mounds  are  still  pointed  out  as  the 
burial  places  of  heroes,  who  three  thousand  years  since  fell  in  the 
Trojan  war. 

237.  Parcendani  suis  rebns.    Alexander  thus  inspires  his  soldiers 
with  courage  and  confidence.     He  ipculm  of  the  country  as  already 

03  his  and  tJicirs. In  excreitn  ....  duae.     Observe  that  the  copmbh 

tive  connectives  arc  omitted  between  the  several  subjects Vctcranos, 


NOTES.  137 

PAGH 

veterans,  used  substantively,  441. Electos  ;  supply  esse. In  cam-  93 

pis  Adrastiae,  in  (he  plains  of  Adrastia,  in  the  vicinity  of  the  river 
Granicus,  from  which  the  battle  took  its  name :  battle  of  the  Granicus. 

238.  Defnncti ;  from  defungor. Confossi ;  from  confodio. 

Ad  hoc  ipsum,/or  this  very  purpose. Omnes  ante  eum  reges,  lit.  all  94 

before  him  kings,  i.  e.  all  the  kings  before  him,  or  before  his  time. 

239.  Nihil  ex ...  .  Aegyptiorum  more.    Alexander  was  careful  not 

to  give  offence  by  disregarding  the  customs  of  the  country. Jovis 

Amnion  is  oracnlnm.    The  oracle  of  Jupiter  Ammon  was  one  of  the 

most  celebrated  in  the  world. Sedcui  consecratam  dco.    This  was 

situated  in  a  beautiful  oasis  of  the  Libyan  desert. Parentem  Jovcm, 

parent  or  father  Jupiter,  i.  e.  his  father  Jupiter.  Thus  the  priest,  per- 
ceiving his  ambitious  vanity,  flattered  him  with  the  title — son  of  Ju- 
piter.  Parentem  ejus,  his  parent,  i.  e.  Jupiter.     The  priest  still 

continues  his  flattery. An  anctor  ....  colendi ....  regem,  lit.  whe-  95 

ther  he,  i.  e.  Jupiter,  would  be  to  them  the  author  of  worshipping  the 
king  with  divine  honors,  i.  e.  whether  he  would  authorize  them  to  wor- 
ship their  king  with  divine  honors. 

240.  Xobilem,  famous. Qnin  ....  essct  occisns,  that  the  king 

himself  was  slain  ;  XXVI.  6. 

241.  Spe  .  .  .  .  libertatis.     Greece,  it  will  be  remembered,  lost  its 
independence  by  the  battle  of  Chaeronea.     See  above  (232). 

242.  Cni  gloriae,  this  glory,  i.  e.  that  of  conquest  and  empire.  96 

243.  Recedentem;    supply  eum. Invitat,   invites,  i.  e.  invites 

him  to  drink  with  him. Ut pesceret ;  XXIV.  2,  5). Inter 

bibendnm,  while  drinking. 

244.  Acacidarum.    Alexander  was,  by  his  mother,  a  lineal  descend- 
ant of  Aeacus,  the  grandfather  of  Achilles. Sine  ullo argn- 

mcnto,  without  any  mark  of  a  more  sad  mind,  i.  e.  without  any  indica- 
tion of  unusual  sadness. Dignissimnm.    Adjective  used  substan-  97 

tively  ;  object  of  facere  understood. Jndicio,  by  a  tacit  decision, 

opposed  to  voce. 

245.  Qno  &te=die,  quo,  the  day,  on  which.    Here  the  relative  must 

not  be  rendered  according  to  453. Alterius— alterins,  the  one— the 

other. Belli  Illyrici,  that  of  the  lllyrian  war,  L  e.  the  victory  gained 

in  it. Certaiainis  Olympiad.     See  note  on  "  Olympico  certamine  " 

(134). Pner,  when  a  boy  ;  363,  3. Qnadrigas.     Chariots  and 

horses  were  often  sent  to  the  Olympic  games  to  contend  for  the 
prizes. Aristotele magistro.  Philip  placed  the  youthful  Alex- 
ander under  the  special  instruction  of  Aristotle,  the  celebrated  philo- 
sopher of  Athens.     Both  teacher  and  pupil  have  left  names  famous  in 

the  annals  of  the  world. Tantam fidnciam  fecit,  he  inspired 

his  soldiers  with  such  confidence. 


LATIN-ENGLISH    VOCABULARY. 


For  Explanation  of  References  and  Abbreviations,  seepage  vs.. 


A.     An  abbreviation  of  Aulus. 

A,  ab,  abs,  prep,  with  abl.  From,  by. 

Ab-duco,  ere,  duxi,  ductum.     To  lead 

away,  take  away,  remove. 
Ab-eo,  ire,  Ivi,  or  ii,  itum.     To  go 

away,  depart,  withdraw  from.  295. 
Ab-hinc,  adv.     Henceforth,  from  this 

time,  before,  ago,  since. 
Abjicio,  cre,jeci,  jectum,  (ab,  jacio). 

To   throw    away,   throw,    reject ; 

prostrate,  humble. 
Abripio,  ere,  ripui,  reptum,  (ab,  ra- 

pio).     To  take  away,  carry  off. 
Ab-rumpo,  ere,  rupi,   r upturn.    To 

break  off  or  away,  rend,  sever. 
Absens,  entis,  part,  (absum).  Absent. 
Abstineo,   ere,   tinui,    tentum,   (abs, 

teneo).      To  keep,  or  hold  back, 

abstain  from. 
Ab-sum,  esse,  fui.     To  be  absent  or 

away,  to  be  distant  from.  204,  290. 
Ab-sumo,  ere,  sumpsi,  sumptum.    To 

take  from  or  away ;  destroy,  con- 
sume. 
Ab-undo,  are,  Svi,  atum.    To  abound, 

abound  in,  superabound,  have  an 

abundance. 
Ab-utor,  uti,  iisus  sum,  dep.     To  use 

up,  consume,  abuse. 


Ac,  a  shortened  form  of  atquc.  And. 
Ac  si,  as  if. 

Acca,  ae,  f.  Acca,  a  Eoman  name. 
Acca  Laurentia,  ae,  f.  Acca  Lau- 
rentia,  the  wife  of  Faustulus,  and 
nurse  of  Romulus  and  Remus, 
(153). 

Acctdo,  ere,  ccssi,  cessum,  (ad,  cedo). 
To  approach,  come  to,  accede  to ; 
be  added  to.  Accedit,  impers.,  it 
is  added,  there  is  the  additional 
fact  that. 

Accendo,  ere,  cendi,  censum,  (ad, 
candeo).  To  set  on  fire,  kindle ; 
to  excite,  inflame. 

Acceptus,  a,  um,  part,  (accipio).  Ac- 
cepted ;  acceptable,  pleasing. 

Accipio,  ere,  cepi,  ceptum,  (ad,  capio). 
To  accept,  receive. 

Accurro,  &re,  curri,  {cucurri  rare), 
cursum,  (ad,  curro).  To  run  to, 
hasten  to. 

Ac&uso,  are,  avi,  aium,  (ad,  causa). 
To  call  to  account,  to  accuse. 

Acer,  acris,  acre.  Sharp ;  powerful, 
valiant;  diligent,  intense,  severe*. 
163,  1. 

Acerbus,  a,  um,  (acer).  Sour,  un- 
ripe, morose,  disagreeable. 

Achaia,  ae,  f.     Achaia,  an  important 


140 


LATIN    READER. 


[Achilles 


province  in  the  northern  part  of 
the  Peloponnesus. 

Achilles,  is,  m.  Achilles,  the  most 
celebrated  Grecian  hero  in  the 
Trojan  war,  son  of  Peleus  and 
Thetis,  (134). 

Acies,  ci,  f.  The'  order  of  battle, 
battle  array ;  line  of  soldiers  ;  ar- 
my in  battle  array. 

Acquiesco,  Ire,  quiivi,  quiltum  (ad, 
quiesco).  To  become  quiet,  to  re- 
pose ;  to  acquiesce  in. 

Acriier,  acrius,  acerrime,  adv.  (accr). 
Vehemently,  valiantly.   305. 

Actium,  ii,  n.  Actium,  a  promontory 
and  town  at  the  entrance  of  the 
Ambracian  Gulf  on  the  western 
coast  of  Greece,  celebrated  for  the 
victory  of  Augustus  over  Antony 
and  Cleopatra,  (214). 

Acuo,  £re,  ni,  utum.  To  sharpen, 
quicken;  stimulate. 

Acutus,  a,  um,  part.  (acuo).  Sharp- 
ened, pointed,  sharp,  acute,  intel- 
ligent, clear-sighted. 

Ad,  prep,  with  ace.  To,  towards; 
until ;  at,  near. 

Ad-do,  ire,  didi,  ditum.  To  add, 
carry  to,  appoint  to. 

Ad-duco,  Sre,  duxi,  ductum.  To  lead 
to,  conduct,  bring,  induce. 

Ad-eo,  adv.    So,  to  such  an  extent. 

/Ld-co,  Ire,  xvi  or  ii,  %tum.  To  go 
to,  approach,  visit;  encounter. 
295. 

Ad-huc,  adv.  Thus  far,  as  yet,  even 
yet;  still. 

Adhno,  ire,  emi,  emplum,  (ad,  emo). 
To  take  from,  deprive  of. 

Adiphcor,  ci,  adeptus  sum,  dcp.  (ad, 
apiscor).  To  obtain,  get  posses- 
sion of. 


Adjlcio,  ire,  jcci,  jedum,  (ad,  jacio). 
To  throw  or  cast  to  or  against,  add 
to ;  animum  adjidre,  to  direct  or 
give  attention  to. 

Ad-jungo,  ire,  junxi,  junctum.  To 
join  to,  unite  with. 

Adjutor,  oris,  m.  (adjuvo).  Aid, 
helper,  assistant. 

Ad-juvo,  are,  juvi,  jutum.  To  help, 
assist,  support. 

Ad-ministro,  are,  avi,  dtum.  To  ad* 
minister,  manage. 

Ad-mirabilis,  e.  Admirable,  won- 
derful. 

Ad-miratio,  onis,  f.  (admlror).  Ad- 
miration, respect. 

Admlror,  ari,  atus  sum,  dep.  (ad, 
mlror).     To  admire,  wonder  at. 

Ad-mitto,  ire,  misi,  missum.  To  send 
to  or  forward,  to  admit,  receive. 

Admodum,  adv.  (ad,  modus).  Very, 
exceedingly. 

Ad-moneo,  ere,  ui,  xtum.  To  admon- 
ish, warn. 

Admonxtus,  us,  m.  (admoneo).  Warn- 
ing, advice ;  instigation. 

Ad-movco,  ere,  mdvi,  mdtum.  To 
move  to,  apply  to,  bring  to. 

Adolescens,  cutis,  adj.  and  subs.,  m. 
and  f.  (adolesco).  Young,  grow- 
ing ;  a  young  man,  a  youth. 

Adolcsccntia,  ac,  f.  (adolescens). 
Youth. 

Adolesco,  ire,  ollvi,  ullum.  To  grow, 
grow  up,  increase. 

Ad-opto,  are,  uvi,  utum.  To  ohoON, 
adopt;  take  for  a  son,  daughter, 
etc. 

Ad-orior,  iri,  ortus  sum,  dep.  To  at- 
tack, attempt,  strive ;  begin.  288,  J. 

Ad-orno,  are,  avi,  Otum.  To  adorn, 
furnish,  equip. 


Akquus] 


LATIN-ENGLISH   VOCABULARY. 


141 


Adrastia,  ae,  f.  Adrastia,  a  district 
and  city  of  Mysia,  (237). 

Adspicio,  ere,  spexi,  spectum,  (ad, 
specio).     To  see,  look  at,  behold. 

Ad-sto,  are,  stiti,  stdtum.  To  stand 
near,  stand  by. 

Ad-sum,  esse,  fui.  To  be  present 
or  at  hand,  assist,  stand  by.  204, 
290. 

Adulatio,  onis,  f.  Adulation,  flat- 
tery. 

Advectm,  a,  um,  part,  (adveho). 
Brought,  carried  to. 

Ad-veho,  ere,  vexi,  vectum.  To  con- 
duct, convey,  import. 

Ad-venio,  Ire,  vcni,  ventum.  To  come 
to,  arrive. 

Adventus,  us,  m.  (advenio).  Arrival, 
approach. 

Adversarius,  a,  wm.adj.  (adversus). 
Opposite,  opposing. 

Adversarius,  ii,  m.  subs,  (adversus). 
Adversary,  opponent,  antagonist. 

Adversus,  a,  um,  part,  (adverto).  Op- 
posite, over  against,  adverse,  hos- 
tile ;  fronting,  in  front. 

Adversus,  or  adversum,  adv.,  and 
prep,  with  ace.  (adverto).  Against, 
towards,  opposite  to. 

Acacides,  ae,  m.  A  patronymic  de- 
noting a  descendant  of  Aeacus, 
who  was  the  grandfather  of  Achil- 
les. The  name  is  often  applied  to 
Achilles;  Alexander  the  Great 
also  claimed  it  for  himself,  (244). 

A  edes,  or  aedis,  is,  f.  Temple  in  tJie 
sing.  ;  but  in  the  plur.  dwelling, 
habitation,  house.     132. 

Acdifleo,  are,dvi,  atum,(a,edes,  facio). 
To  build. 

Acdllitius,  or  aedilicius,  a,  um, 
(aedes).   Pertaining  to  the  aediles. 


Aedilitius,  i,  m.,  one  who  has  been 
aedile.  The  aediles  were  Roman 
magistrates  who  had  charge  of  the 
public  buildings,  highways,  &c, 
and  acted  as  city  police. 

Aeglna,  ae,  f.  Aegina,  an  island 
near  Attica,  (55). 

Aegos  jlumen.  Aegospotamos,  a 
river  and  town  in  the  Thracian 
Chersonesus,  noted  for  the  defeat 
of  the  Athenians  by  Lysander, 
(226). 

Aegrotus,  a,  um.  Sick,  ill,  diseased. 

Aegyptus,  i,  f.     Egypt,  (210). 

Aegyptius,  a,  um,  Egyptian  ;  subs. 
Aegyptius,  i,  m.,  an  Egyptian, 
(239). 

Aemilius,  ii,  m.  The  family  name 
of  several  distinguished  Romans. 
Lucius  Aemilius,  surnamed  Paul- 
its,  fell  in  the  battle  of  Cannae, 
(191).  Another  of  the  same  name 
conquered  Perseus  and  reduced 
Macedonia  to  a  Roman  province, 
(198). 

Aemulus,  a,  um.  Emulous ;  often 
used  substantively,  as,  rival,  com- 
petitor. 

Aeneas,  ae,  m.  Aeneas,  a  Trojan 
prince  who  after  the  destruction 
of  Troy  is  said  to  have  fled  into 
Italy  and  formed  a  settlement, 
(149). 

Aequalis,  e.    Equal,  like. 

Aeque,  aequius,  aequisiime,  adv. 
(aequus).     Equally,  similarly. 

Aequiparo,  are,  clvi,  atum.  To 
equal,  make  equal. 

Aequitas,  dtis,  f.  (aequus).  Equality, 
equity,  justice. 

Aequus,  a,  um.  Equal,  similar; 
just,  fair  ;  favorable,  propitious. 


112 


LATIN   KEADEIi. 


[Aeb 


A't'r,  acris,  m.  The  air,  atmo- 
sphere. 

Aeslimo,  are,  avi,  atum.  To  value, 
estimate.  Parvi  aextim&rc,  to  think 
little  of,  esteem  lightly. 

destuoy  are,  aviy  atum.  To  be  in 
agitation;  to  be  warm,  endure 
heat. 

'Adas,  at'ts,  f.    Age,  time  of  life,  life. 

Affcro,  ferre,  attuli,  alldtum,  (ad, 
fero).     To  bring,  carry  to,  report. 

Afficio,  Zre,  feci,  fectum  (ad,  facio). 
To  affect,  influence. 

Afflgo,  8re,  jixi,  Jixum,  (ad,  flgo). 
To  affix,  fasten  to. 

Afflrmo,  are,  avi,  atum,  (ad,  firmo). 
To  affirm,  confirm,  ratify. 

Afflictus,  a,  um,  part,  (affllgo).  Af- 
flicted, troubled,  prostrated. 

Affllgo,  ere,fivxi,  Jlictum,  (ad,  fligo). 
To  afflict,  trouble,  overthrow. 

Affluo,  ere,  Jluxi,  fiuxum,  (ad,  fluo). 
To  flow  toward ;  overflow,  abound 
in. 

Africa,  ae,  f.     Africa,  (200). 

Africanus,  a,  um,  (Africa).  African. 
Also  the  surname  given  to  the 
two  most  distinguished  Scipios  for 
their  achievements  in  Africa  du- 
ring the  Punic  wars,  (196,  200). 

Ager,  agri,  m.  Field,  land,  terri- 
tory. 

Agesildus,  i,  m.  Agesilaus,  a  Spar- 
tan king,  (96). 

Agger,  eris,  m.  Mound,  rampart, 
wall. 

Aggrcdior,  i,  gressus  S7im,  dep.  (ad, 
gradior).  To  approach,  attack, 
attempt. 

Agis,  \dis,  m.  Agis,  king  of  the 
Lacedaemonians  in  the  time  of 
Alexander  the  Great,  (241). 


Agitdtus,  a,  um,  part,  (aglto).  Agi- 
tated, troubled. 

Agito,  are,  uvi,  atum.  To  harass, 
trouble,  think  of. 

Agmen,  \nis,  n.  (ago).  An  army, 
generally  on  tlte  march,  band  of 
soldiers,  troop. 

Agnosco,  ere,  novi,  nltum,  (ad, 
(g)nosco).    To  recognize. 

Ago,  ere,  egi,  actum.  To  conduct, 
drive,  do,  act,  execute,  treat,  ar- 
gue ;  annum  vicesimum  agerc,  to 
be  in  his  (or  her)  twentieth  year. 

Agricola,  aef  m.  (ager,  colo).  Hus- 
bandman, farmer. 

Agricultura,  aet  f.    Agriculture. 

Agrigcntum}  ?',  n.  Agrigentum,  a 
large  and  wealthy  town  in  Sicily. 

Agrippay  acy  m.  A  family  name 
among  the  Romans.  Menenius 
Agrippa  induced  the  people  who 
had  revolted  at  Rome  and  taken 
up  their  quarters  upon  Morn  Saccr 
to  return  into  the  city,  (173). 

AiOy  aiSy  aity  etc.,  defect.  To  say, 
affirm.     297,  II.  1. 

AUyaeyf.     Wing. 

Aldcery  eris,  crc.  Active,  prompt, 
joyful. 

Alba,  aey  f. ;  or  Alba  Longa,  ac,  f. 
A  city  of  Latium  founded  by  As- 
canius,  (150). 

AlbdnuSy  a,  um.  Alban.  Mom  Al- 
bdnuSy  a  rocky  mountain  sixteen 
roUes  southeast  of  Rome,  (150). 

Albdnus,iy  m.  An  Alban.  a  citizen 
of  Alba,  (151). 

A Ibtaty  a,  um.     Whit e. 

AlcibiddcSy  is.  m.  Alcibiades,  an 
Athenian  general  in  (lie  l'elopon- 
nesian  war,  (32S-22f), 

Alexander ,  driy  m.    Alexauder.    Tho 


AmplusJ 


LATIN-ENGLISH    VOCABULARY. 


H3 


most  distinguished  of  this  name 
was  the  son  and  successor  of 
Philip,  king  of  Macedonia,  (235- 
245).  A  second  of  the  same  name 
was  king  of  Epirus  and  son-in-law 
of  Philip,  (234). 

Alexandria,  ae,  f.      Alexandria,   a 

j  celebrated  city  of  Egypt,  built  by 
Alexander  the  Great ;  (239). 

Algco,  ere,  alsi.  To  be  cold,  to  feel 
cold,  endure  cold. 

Alias.  Otherwise,  at  another  time ; 
non  alias,  on  no  other  occasion. 

Alienus,  a,  um^  (alius).  Belonging 
to  another,  foreign ;  unfavorable. 

Aliquando.  At  some  time,  once, 
formerly,  finally,  now  at  last. 

Aliquantum,  adv.  Somewhat,  in 
some  degree. 

Aliquis,  qua,  quod,  and  quid,  (alius, 
quis).    Some  one,  some. 

Aliquot,  indecl.  pi.  adj.  Several, 
some. 

Aliter,  adv.  (alius).     Otherwise. 

Alius,  a,  ud,  (gen.  alius,  etc.)  Other, 
another ;  alius  —  alius,  one  —  an- 
other :  alii — alii,  some — others, 
(151). 

Allia,  ae,  f.  The  river  Allia,  a  few 
miles  north  of  Rome,  (176). 

Alloquor,  loqui,  cutus  sum,  dep. 
(ad,  loquor).  To  speak  to,  ad- 
dress. 

Alo,  ere,  alui,  allium  or  altum.  To 
support,  keep,  nourish,  strengthen, 
feed. 

Alpcs,  ium,  f.  The  Alps,  a  high 
range  of  mountains  north  of 
Italy. 

Alte,  ius,  issime,  adv.  (altus).  On 
high,  high. 

Alter,  era,  erum,  (gen.  alterius).  One 


of  two,  the  other;  alter — alter, 
the  one  —  the  other ;  alter  as 
numeral  =  second.   151,  2. 

Altus,  a,  um.  High,  noble,  great ; 
deep,  profound;  altum  substan- 
tively, the  sea,  the  deep. 

Amabllis,  e,  (amo).  Lovely,  amia- 
ble. 

Ambio,  ire,  Ivi  or  ii,  Itum,  (amb,  or 
ambi,  eo).  To  surround,  encom- 
pass.    295,  3. 

Ambitio,  onis,  f.  (ambio).  Can- 
vassing, flattery,  ambition. 

Ambo,  ae,  o.     Both.    175,  2. 

Amentia,  ae,  f.  (amens).  Folly, 
want  of  reason. 

Amicitia,  ae,  f.  (amicus).  Friend- 
ship. 

Amicus,  i,  m.     Friend. 

Amicus,  a,  um.    Friendly,  kind. 

A-mitto,  ere,  misi,  missum.  To  send 
away,  to  lose. 

Ammon,  or  Hammon,  onis,  m.  An 
appellation  of  Jupiter  as  worship- 
ped in  Africa,  (239). 

Amnis,  is,  m.     River. 

Amo,  are,  dvi,  alum.     To  love. 

Amor,  oris,  m.  (amo).  Love,  affec- 
tion, desire ;  a  loved  object,  dar 
ling. 

AmphiiJiedtrnm,  i,  n.  Amphithe 
atre,  in  Borne  a  circular  or  oval 
building  used  for  public  specta 
cles. 

Ample,  ius,  issime,  adv.  (amplus) 
Abundantly,  amply. 

Amplio,  are,  dvi,  dtum,  (amplus) 
To  enlarge. 

Amplius,  adv.  (comp.  of  ample) 
More,  further. 

Amplus,  a,  um.  Ample,  spacious 
large. 


144 


LATIN    READER. 


[Auvhim 


Amulius,  ii,  m.  Amulius,  son  of 
Procas  king  of  Alba  ;  he  was  the 
brother  of  Numitor,  (152). 

An,  intcrrog.  particle.  Or,  whether. 
346,  II,  2. 

Anaxagbras,  ae,  m.  Anaxagoras,  a 
distinguished  Greek  philosopher 
of  Clazomenae,  (112). 

Anaxarchus,  i,  m.  Anaxarchus,  a 
philosopher  of  Abdera,  who  ac- 
companied Alexander  into  Asia. 

Anceps,  ancipitis.     Twofold,  double. 

AncJiiscs,  ae,  m.  Anchises,  the  fa- 
ther of  Aeneas.     50. 

Ancus,  i,  m. ;  or  Ancus  Martius,  ii, 
m.  The  fourth  king  of  Rome, 
(161). 

Angor,  oris,  m.  Anxiety,  care,  an- 
guish. 

Angustia,  ae,  f.  (angustus),  used 
mostly  in  pi.  Narrow  pass,  diffi- 
culty ;  straits,  channel. 

Anglistics,  a,  um.  Narrow,  confined, 
contracted,  small. 

Antma,  ae,  f.     Breath,  life. 

Animadverto,  Pre,  verii,  versiim  (ani- 
mus, adverto).  To  notice,  observe, 
perceive. 

Animal,  alls,  n.     Animal. 

Animus,  i,  m.     Mind,  soul,  courage. 

Anio,  Anicnis,  m.  The  Anio,  a 
small  river  of  Italy,  a  tributary  of 
the  Tiber,  (173). 

Annecto,  ire,  ncxui,  ucxum,  (ad,  ncc- 
to).    To  tie  to,  annex,  fasten  to. 

Annulus,  or  anulus,  i,  m.     Ring. 

Annus,  i,  m.     Year. 

Annum,  a,  um,  (annus).  Lasting  a 
year,  for  a  year,  annual. 

Ante,  adv.,  and  prep,  with  ace.  Be- 
fore, in  respect  to  plact  or  time  ; 
formerly. 


Antea,  adv.  (ante,  ea).  Formerly, 
hitherto. 

Ante-pono,  ere,  posui,  positum.  To 
place  before ;  to  prefer. 

Ante-quam,  adv.  Before,  before 
that. 

Antigbnus,  i,  m.  Antigonus,  king 
of  Macedonia,  (121). 

Aniiochia,  ae,  f.  Antioch,  the  chief 
city  of  Syria,  founded  by  Scleucus, 
and  named  by  him  in  honor  of  his 
father  Antiochus,  (206). 

Antibchus,  i,  m.  1.  Antiochus  the 
Great,  king  of  Syria.  2.  Antio- 
chus, the  Academic  philosopher 
and  teacher  of  Cicero,  (80). 

Antipater,  tri,  m.  Antipater,  one  of 
Alexander's  generals ;  after  the 
death  of  Alexander  he  received 
the  government  of  Greece  and 
Macedonia,  (241). 

Antiquus,  a,  um.     Ancient,  early. 

Autistcs,  itis,  m.  and  f.  President ; 
priest,  priestess. 

Antonius,  ii,  m.  Antony ;  Marcus 
Antonius  formed  a  triumvirate 
with  Octavianus  and  Lepidus, 
(212).  Caius  Antonius  was  the 
colleague  of  Cicero  in  the  consul- 
ship, (207). 

AnxiUas,  diis,  f.  Anxiety,  solicitude. 

Apclles,  is,  m.  Apclles,  a  distin- 
guished Greek  painter  in  the  time 
of  Alexander  the  Great,  (97). 

Apcrtc,  ius,  isslme,  adv.  (apcrtus). 
Openly,  publicly. 

Apcrtus,  a,  um,  part,  (apcrio).  Open- 
ed ;  open,  free,  clear,  manifest. 

Apollo,  Inis,  m.  Apollo,  the  god  of 
divination. 

Apparatus,  us,  m.  Preparation, 
tMjuipracnt. 


AbmeniaJ 


LATIN-ENGLISH   VOCABULAET. 


145 


Apparatus,  a,  um,  part,  (apparo). 
Prepared,  ready,  equipped. 

Appellalio,  dnis,  f.  (appello).  Name, 
title. 

Appello,  dre,  avi,  dtum,  (ad,  pello). 
To  call,  name. 

Appello,  ere, puli, pulsion,  (ad,  pello). 
To  drive  to,  bring  to,  induce. 

Appeto,  ere,  petlvi,  petii,  petltum, 
(ad,  peto).  To  long  for,  strive 
after ;  assail :  appetens,  eniis,  de- 
siring, desirous  of. 

Appius,  ii,  m.  Appius,  a  Roman 
name.  Appius  Claudius,  ii,  m., 
one  of  the  Decemviri,  (28). 

Approbo,  are,  avi,  dtum,  (ad,  probo). 
To  approve,  favor. 

Appropinquo,  are,  avi,  alum,  (ad, 
propinquo).  To  approach,  come 
near. 

Aplus,  a,  um.  Fitted,  adapted,  suit- 
ed, proper. 

Apud,  prep,  with  ace.  At,  near, 
among,  at  the  house  of,  in  the 
works  of  (applied  to  authors). 

Apulia,  ae,  f.  Apulia,  a  province  in 
southern  Italy,  (204). 

Aqua,  ae,  f.     Water. 

Aquila,  ae,  f.    Eagle. 

Ara,  ae,  f.    Altar. 

Arabs,  abis.  Arabian;  subs,  an 
Arabian,  inhabitant  of  Arabia  in 
Asia,  (26). 

Ardtrum,  i,  n.    Plough. 

Arblla,  drum,  n.  Arbela,  a  town  in 
Assyria,  famous  for  the  victory  of 
Alexander  over  Darius,  (240). 

drbitror,  dri,  dtus  sum,  dep.  To 
think,  judge,  regard. 

Arceo,   arcere,   arcui.     To  inclose, 

restrain,  keep  from. 
Ardca,  ae,  f.      Ardea,  a  city  of  La- 


tium,  a  few  miles  south  of  Rome, 
(167). 

Ardeo,  ere,  arsi,  arsum.  To  be  on 
fire,  burn. 

Ardesco,  ere,  arsi.  To  take  fire, 
kindle. 

Aresco,  ere,  arui.  To  become  dry, 
to  dry. 

Arelhusa,  ae,  f.  Arethusa,  a  cele- 
brated fountain  in  Sicily,  near 
Syracuse. 

Argenteus,  a,  um,  (argentum).  Made 
of  silver,  of  silver. 

Argentum,  i,  n.     Silver. 

Argos,  n.  (only  in  nom.  and  ace),  or 
Argi,  drum,  m.  pi.  Argos,  the  ca- 
pital of  the  province  of  Argolis  in 
the  Peloponnesus ;  the  name  was 
often  applied  to  the  province  itself 
and  poetically  to  all  Greece,  (96). 

Argumentum,  i,  n.  Argument,  sign, 
mark. 

Ariminum,  i,  n.  Ariminum,  a  town 
in  Umbria  on  the  Adriatic,  (209). 

Ariovistus,  i,  m.  Ariovistus,  king 
of  a  German  tribe  in  the  time  of 
Caesar,  (41). 

Aristldes,  is,  m.  Aristides,  an  Athe- 
nian general  and  statesman,  re- 
nowned for  his  integrity,  (49). 

Arislobulus,  i,  m.  A  king  of  Judea, 
who  was  taken  by  Pompey  and 
carried  as  prisoner  to  Rome,  (206). 

Aristoteles,  is,  m.  A  distinguished 
philosopher,  and  the  teacher  of 
Alexander  the  Great,  (85,  245). 

Arma,  drum,  n.  pi.  Arms,  force  of 
arms. 

Armdtus,  a,  um,  part.  (armo).  Armed. 

Armenia,  ae,  f.  Armenia,  a  country 
of  Asia,  divided  by  the  river  Eu- 
phrates into  two   unequal   parts. 


m 


LATIN   EEADEK. 


Aemilli 


viz. :  the  eastern,  called  Armenia 
Major,  and  the  western,  called 
Armenia  Minor,  (205). 

Armilla,  ae,  f.     Bracelet. 

Armo,  are,  avi,  atum,  (anna).  To 
arm. 

Arripio,  ere,  ripui,  rcptum,  (ad, 
rapio).    To  seize  upon,  seize. 

Arrogans,  antis,  part,  (arrogo). 
Proud,  arrogant. 

Arrbgantia,  ae,  f.  (arrogans).  Ar- 
rogance, pride. 

Arrogo,  are,  avi,  alum,  (ad,  rogo). 
To  claim,  arrogate. 

Ars,  arlis,  f.    Art,  skill. 

Arlaphemes,  is,  m.  Artaphernes, 
nephew  of  Darius,  (215). 

Arlemisium,  ii,  n.  Artemisium,  a 
promontory  and  town  on  the  is- 
land of  Euboea,  (218). 

Artus,  us,  m. ;  sing.  rare.  Joint,  limb. 

Aruns,  Aruntis,  m.  1.  Aruns,  the 
brother  of  Tarquin  the  Proud, 
(39,  iv.).  2.  Aruns,  the  son  of 
Tarquin,  (170). 

Arx,  arcis,  f.    Citadel. 

Ascanius,  ii,  m.  Ascanius,  the  son 
of  Aeneas,  (150). 

Asia,  ae,  f.     Asia,  (16). 

Asina,  ae,  m.  Asina,  a  surname  of 
Cnacus  Cornelius,  who  was  the 
colleague  of  Duillius  in  the  con- 
sulship in  the  early  part  of  the 
first  Punic  war,  (185). 

Axpis,  Wis,  f.     Asp. 

Asporto,  are,  avi,  dtum,  (abs,  porto). 
To  bear  or  carry  away. 

Asscqnor,  se'qui,  se'cutus  sum,  dep. 
(ad,  scquor).  To  overtake,  ob- 
tain. 

Asseveratio,  onis,  f.  Declaration, 
assertion. 


Assiduus,  a,  um.  Assiduous ;  fre 
quent;  continual,  incessant,  con. 
stant. 

Assigno,  are,  avi,  alum,  (ad,  signo). 
Assign,  bestow. 

Aslo,  for  adsto. 

Astrum,  i,  n.     Star,  constellation. 

Aslu,  n,  indec.  City,  generally  ap- 
plied to  Athens. 

Asylum,  i,  n.  Asylum,  place  of 
refuge. 

At,  conj.     But,  yet. 

Ater,  tra,  trum.  Dark,  black, 
gloomy. 

Athenae,  arum,  f.  pi.  Athens,  the 
capital  of  Attica,  (227). 

AtJieniensis,  e,  adj.  (Athenae). 
Athenian;  subs.  Atheniensis,  is, 
m.,  an  Athenian,  (216). 

Atilius,  ii,  m.  Atilius,  a  Roman 
name.    See  Jfrgalus. 

Atque,  conj.  And,  and  also,  and 
besides ;  atque — atque,  both — and. 

Attalus,  i,  m.  Attalus,  one  of  Phi- 
lip's generals,  (234). 

Attica,  ae,  f.  An  important  state  in 
Greece,  (216). 

Atiicus,  a,  um,  (Attica).  Attio, 
Athenian ;  subs.  AtTicus,  i,  m. 
An  inhabitant  or  citizen  of  At- 
tica, (36). 

Attlcus,  i,  m.  Atticus,  a  surname  of 
the  Roman,  Titus  Pomponius,  (99). 

Attingo,  ere,  figi,  tactum,  (ad,  tan- 
go).  To  attain,  touch,  enter  upon, 
undertake,  commence. 

Attius,  ii,  m.  Attius,  a  Roman  name, 
(89). 

Attribuo,  ere,  tribui,  tribuium,  (ad, 
tribuo).  To  attribute  to,  ascribe 
to,  to  bestow,  to  assign,  or  im 
pute  to. 


Benevolentia]         LATIN-ENGLISH   VOCABULARY. 


147 


Auctor,  oris,  m.  (augeo).  Author, 
founder,  approver,  adviser,  au- 
thority. 

Auctoritas,  atis,  f.  (auetor).  Author- 
ity, influence. 

Audacia,  ae,  f.  (audax).  Boldness, 
insolence,  audacity. 

'Audax,    audacis,    (audeo).       Bold, 

;   audacious,  desperate. 

Audeo,  ere,  ausus  sum.  To  dare,  at- 
tempt.'   271,  3. 

Audio,  ire,  ivi  or  ii,  Uum.  To  hear, 
listen  to. 

Aufugio,  ere,  fitgi,  fugXtum,  (ab, 
fugio).  To  flee  from ;  run  away 
from.     338,  1,  ab. 

Augeo,  ere,  auxi,  auction.  To  en- 
large, increase. 

Auguror,  ari,  atus  sum,  dcp.  To 
augur,  predict,  foretell. 

Augustus,  i,  m.  Augustus,  surname 
of  Octavius  Caesar,  the  first  of 
the  Roman  Emperors.  This  sur- 
name was  also  often  applied  to 
the  Emperors  generally,  (213). 

Aldus,  i,  m.  Aulus,  a  Roman  prae- 
nomen. 

Aurarius,  a,  um,  (aurum).  Pertain- 
ing to  gold ;  auraria  metalla, 
gold  mines. 

Aureus,  a,  um,  (aurum).  Made  of 
gold,  golden.  [driver. 

Auriga,  ae,  m.  and  f.      Charioteer, 

Auris,  is,  f.     Ear. 

Aurum,  i,  n.     Gold. 

Aut,  conj.  Or;  aut — aut,  either — 
or,  partly — partly. 

Auiem,  conj.     But,  moreover. 

Auxilium,  ii,  n.  (augeo.)  Aid  ;  plur. 
auxiliaries. 

Avaritia,  ae,  f.  (avarus).     Avarice. 

Avarus,  a,  um.    Avaricious. 


Aventinus,  i,  m.  The  Aventine,  one 
of  the  seven  hills  of  Rome,  (154). 

Averto,  ere,  verti,  versum,  (ab,  verto). 
To  avert,  turn  from,  remove. 

Avidus,  a,  um.    Desirous,  eager. 

Avis,  is,  f.     Bird. 

Avus,  i,  m.     Grandfather. 

B. 

Babylonia,  ae,  f.  Babylonia,  a  prov* 
ince  of  Syria :  also  Babylon,  the 
capital  of  Babylonia,  (243). 

Bacchantes,  ium,  pi.  (bacchor).  Vo- 
taries of  Bacchus. 

Bacchor,  ari,  atus  sum,  dep.  (Bac- 
chus). To  celebrate  the  festival 
of  Bacchus,  to  revel.  Bacchans, 
antis,  part,  revelling. 

Bacchus,  i,  m.  The  god  of  wine, 
(19). 

Barba,  ae,  f.     Beard. 

Barbarus,  a,  um.  Foreign,  barbar- 
ous, rude. 

Barbarus,  i,  m.  Foreigner,  bar- 
barian. 

Beate,  ius,  issime,  adv.  (beatus). 
Happily. 

Beatus,  a,  um.     Happy. 

Belgae,  arum.  The  Belgians,  a  war' 
like  people  in  the  north  of  Gaul, 
(25). 

Bellicdsus,  a,  um,  (bellum).  "War- 
like. 

Bello,  are,  dvi,  aium,  (bellum).  To 
carry  on  war. 

Bellum,  i,  n.    War. 

Bene,  melius,  optime,  adv.  Well 
305,  2. 

Beneficium,  ii,  n.  (beneficus,  from 
bene,  facio).  Benefit,  favor,  kind- 
ness. 

Benevolentia,     ae,     f.     (benevolens, 


148 


LATIN    READER. 


[BonoMi 


from  bene,  volo).    Kindness,  be- 
nevolence. 

Benigne,  ius,  isslme,  adv.  (benig- 
nus).     Kindly. 

Benignus,  a,  um.  Kind,  good,  be- 
nignant. 

Bestia,  ae,  f.     A  beast. 

Besliola,  ae,  f.  (bestia).  A  small 
animal,  insect. 

Bibo,  ere,  bibi,  bibXtum.     To  drink. 

Bibulus,  i,  m.  Bibulus,  a  Roman 
name ;  Lucius  Bibulus  was  Cae- 
sar's colleague  in  the  consulship, 
(208). 

Biduum,  i,  n.  (biduus).  A  period 
of  two  days. 

Biduus,  a,  «m,  (bis,  dies).  Con- 
tinuing two  days. 

Biennium,  ii,  n.  (bis,  annus).  A 
period  of  two  years,  two  years. 

Biformis,  e,  (bis,  forma).  Having 
two  forms,  biformed. 

Bird,  ae,  a,  distribute.  Two  by  two, 
two  and  two.    174,  2. 

Bis,  adv.     Twice. 

Boeotius,  ii,  m.  (Boeotia).  A  Boeo- 
tian, inhabitant  of  Boeotia  in  cen- 
tral Greece,  (229). 

Boletus,  i,  m.     Mushroom. 

Bonltas,  atis,  f.  (bonus).  Goodness, 
excellence. 

Bonum,  i,  n.  (bonus).  Blessing, 
prosperity,  any  good;  pi.  bona, 
goods,  property. 

Bonus,  a,  um  ;  mclior,  optimus. 
Good,  noble,  brave.    165. 

Bos,  Bovis,  m.  and  f.  Ox,  cow.  43, 
2;  06. 

Brachium,  ii,  n.     Arm,  fore-arm. 
Brevis,  e.     Short,  brief;  brevi  (tem- 
pore), in  a  short  time,  shortly. 

Brkannlcus,     a,      um,      (Britannia, 


Great  Britain).  British,  English, 
(208). 

Britannus,  i,  m.  (Britannia).  A 
Briton,  (208). 

Brutus,  i,  m.  Brutus,  a  Roman 
name.  Lucius  Junius  Brutus  was 
one  of  the  first  consuls  of  Rome, 
(168).  Marcus  Junius  Brutus  and 
Declmus  Junius  Brutus  acted 
prominent  parts  in  the  assassina- 
tion of  Caesar,  (211). 

Byzantium,  ii,  n.  Byzantium,  a 
city  on  the  Bosphorus,  now  Coi*- 
stantinople. 


C.  An  abbreviation  of  Caius  ;  Cn. 
of  Cnaeus. 

Cado,  ire,  cectdi,  casum.  To  fall, 
fall  in  battle,  perish. 

Caecus,  a,  um.     Blind. 

Cacdes,  is,  f.  (caedo).  Slaughter, 
bloodshed. 

Caedo,  tre,  cecidi,  cacsum.  To  cut, 
kill,  slay. 

Caesar,  aris,  m.  Caesar,  a  surname 
of  the  Julian  family  ;  Caius  Julius 
Caesar,  a  distinguished  general 
and  statesman.  The  title,  or  sur- 
name, Caesar,  was  also  applied 
generally  to  denote  the  Roman 
emperors,  (208). 

Caius,  ii,  m.  Caius,  a  Roman  name. 
See  Caesar. 

CalamUas,  atis,  f.  Loss,  calamity, 
disaster. 

Callldc,  hts,  isslme,  adv.  (eallldu?). 
Shrewdly,  skilfully. 

C<i»til!>ts,  ?,  m.  Camillus,  a  distin- 
guished Roman  general,  (1  T<> ). 

Campania,  a<\  f.  Campania,  a  prov 
|nc«  in  Central  Italy,  (182). 


Castor] 


LATIN-ENGLISH    VOCABULARY. 


149 


Campanus,  a,  um,  (Campania).  Cam- 
panian,  of  Campania.  Subs,  a  Cam- 
panian,  (44,  131). 

Campus,  i,  m.  A  plain,  field  of 
battle. 

Candtdus,  a,  um.  White,  clear, 
bright,  light. 

Caninius,  ii,  m.  Caninius,  a  Ro- 
man consul,  (80). 

Cannae,  arum,  f.  plur.  Cannae,  a 
village  in  Apulia,  famous  for  the 
great  victory  of  Hannibal  over  the 
Romans,  (191). 

Cannensis,  e,  adj.  (Cannae).  Belong- 
ing to  Cannae,  of  Cannae,  (194). 

Cano,  ere,  cectni,  cantum.  To  sing, 
sound,  crow. 

Canto,  are,  dvi,  atum,  (cano).  To 
sing,  play. 

Cantus,  us,  m.  (cano).  Singing, 
song,  melody. 

Capaz,  acis,  (capio).  Capacious, 
large,  comprehensive,  able. 

Capesso,  ere,  ivi,  Hum,  (capio).  To 
take,  seize;  fugam  capessere,  to 
resort  to  flight,  betake  one's  self 
to  flight.     332,  4. 

Capillus,  i,  m.     Hair. 

Capio,  ere,  cepi,  captum.  To  take, 
take  possession  of,  hold,  receive. 

Capitalis,  e,  (caput).  Deadly,  mor- 
tal, capitale  crimen,  a  capital 
crime  or  offence. 

Capitolium,  ii,  n.  Capitol.  This 
term  is  applied  sometimes  to  the 
temple  of  Jupiter,  and  sometimes 
to  the  whole  Capitoline  Hill,  in- 
cluding both  the  temple  and  the 
citadel  of  Rome. 

Vapra,  ae,  f.    A  she  goat. 

Captiviizs,  atis,  f.  (captlvus.)  Cap- 
tivity, bondage. 


CaptTvus,  a,  um,  (capio).  Captive, 
enslaved ;  substantively,  a  prison- 
er, a  captive. 

Captus,  a,  um,  part,  (capio).  Cap- 
tured, taken. 

Capua,  ae,  f.  Capua,  the  chief  city 
of  Campania,  (204). 

Caput,  itis,  n.  Head,  capital ;  capV 
tis  damnare,  to  condemn  to 
death. 

Career,  &ris,  m.     Prison. 

Careo,  ere,  carui,  caritum.  To  be 
destitute,  be  free  from,  be  with- 
out. 

Carmen,  inis,  n.  A  song,  poem; 
poetry. 

Caro,  carnis,  f.     Flesh. 

Carpentum,  i,  n.  Chariot,  car- 
riage. 

Carthago,  Inis,  f.  Carthage,  an  an- 
cient city  in  Northern  Africa, 
(189).  Carthago  Nova.  New 
Carthage,  a  town  in  Spain;  now 
Carthagena,  (194). 

Carthaginiensis,  e,  adj.  (Carthago). 
Carthaginian ;  subs.  Carthagini' 
ensis,  is,  m.  a  Carthaginian,  (185). 

Carus,  a,  um.     Dear. 

Cassius,  ii,  m.  Cassius,  a  Roman 
name.  Lucius  Cassius,  one  of  the 
accomplices  of  Catiline,  (97, 
15).  Caius  Cassius,  one  of  the 
conspirators  against  Caesar, 
(213). 

Caste,  ius,  isfime,  adv.  (castus). 
Virtuously,  chastely. 

Castus,  a,  um.     Chaste,  pure. 

Castellum,  i,  n.  dimin.  (castrum). 
Castle,  fortress.     315,  3. 

Castor,  oris,  m.  Castor,  son  of  Tyn- 
darus  and  brother  of  Pollux,  (63, 
I      9). 


150 


LATIN   READER. 


^Castrj 


Castra,  drum,  n.  (pi.  of  castrum,  a 
castle).     Camp.    132. 

Casus,  us,  m.  (cado).  Fall,  misfor- 
tune, chance,  accident. 

Catilina,  ae,  m.  Catiline.  Lucius 
Sergius  Catilina,  the  notorious 
conspirator  against  tho  Iioman 
government,  (20*7). 

Catinensis  or  Catinknsis,  is,  m.  A 
Catinean,  a  citizen  of  Catina,  a 
city  in  Sicily,  (223). 

Cato,  onis,  m.  Cato,  the  name  of 
several  distinguished  Romans. 
The  most  celebrated  was  Marcus 
Porcius  Cato,the  Censor,  (88, 13). 

Catulus,  i,  m.  Catulus,  surname  of 
Caius  Lutatius,  a  Roman  consul 
at  the  close  of  the  first  Punic  war, 
(188). 

Caudinus,  a,  um.  Caudine;  Fur- 
culae  Caudinae,  the  Caudine 
Forks,  a  narrow  defile  near  Cau- 
dium,  in  Italy,  (1*79). 

Causa,  ae,  f.  Cause,  purpose,  busi- 
ness, suit  at  law. 

Causidicus,  i,  m.  (causa,  dico). 
Pleader,  advocate;  speaker. 

Cautes,  is,  f.     A  crag,  cliff,  rock. 

Cavco,  ere,  cdvi,  cautum.  To  shun, 
avoid,  guard  against;  sibi  ab 
ahquo  cavtre,  to  protect  one's  self 
from  any  one. 

Cedo,  h-e,  cessi,  cessum.  To  give 
place  to,  yield  to,  withdraw,  de- 
part. 

Celcber,  bris,  bre.  Renowned,  cele- 
brated. 

Cdcbro,  are,  dvi,  dtum,  (cclSbcr). 
To  celebrate,  solemnize. 

Cclcr,  eclcris.     Swift.     163,  1. 

Velctftas,  diis,  f.  (cclcr).  Celerity, 
Bwiftneas. 


CelerXier,  ius,  rime,  adv.  (celer) 
Swiftly,  quickly.     305,  2. 

Cella,  ae,  f.  Store-room,  store- 
house; cella  penaria,  granary. 

Celo,  are,  dvi,  alum.  To  hide,  con- 
ceal. 

Censeo,  ire,  censui,  censum.  To 
think,  judge,  decree. 

Censorlnus,  i,  m.  Censorinus,  sur- 
name of  Lucius  Marcius,  a  Roman 
consul  in  the  third  Punic  war, 
(199). 

Census,  us,  m.     Census. 

Centum,  indec.     Hundred. 

Centurio,  onis,  m.  (centum).  Cen- 
turion. 

Cerno,  ere,  crcvi,  crctum.  To  per- 
ceive, see,  discern. 

Certdmen,  \nis,  n.  (certo).  Contest, 
game,  engagement. 

Certdtim,  adv.  (certatus,  from  certo). 
Earnestly,  eagerly. 

Certo,  dre,  dvi,  dtum.  To  fight, 
struggle,  contend,  endeavor. 

Certus,  a,  um.  Sure,  certain  ;  cer- 
tiorari facere,  to  inform. 

Cesso,  are,  dvi,  dtum,  (cedo).  To 
cease,  pause. 

CetSrus,  a,  um,  nom.  sing.  m.  not 
used.     The  other,  the  rest. 

Chacronea,  ae,  f.  Chaeronea,  a  town 
in  Boeotia,  the  birth-place  of  Plu- 
tarch, (232). 

Chcrsoncsus,  i,  f.  The  Chcrsonosu-*, 
a  peninsula  in  Thracia,  west  of  the 
Hellespont. 

Christidnus,  a,  um.    Christian 
used  substantivehf. 

Cicatrix,  ids,  f.     Scar. 

Cic<  ro,  tak,  m.  Cicero,  the  cele- 
brated Roman  orator,  ('207). 

Ciitrinniltus,   i,   m.     Cincinnatus,   u 


COEO] 


LATIN-ENGLISH    VOCABULARY. 


151 


renowned  Roman  citizen  and  dic- 
tator, (VI). 

Cineas,  ae,  m.  A  friend  and  favorite 
minister  of  Pyrrhus. 

Oingo,  ere,  cinzi,  cinctum.  To  sur- 
round, encompass  ;  crown ;  invest. 

Cinna,  ae,  m.  Cinna,  a  surname 
among  the  Romans.  Lucius  Cor- 
nelius Cinna,  confederate  of  Ma- 
rius  in  the  civil  war,  (203). 

Circa,  prep,  with  ace.  About, 
around,  among. 

CircUer,  prep,  with  ace.  About, 
near. 

Circum  =  circa. 

Circum-do,  dare,  dedi,  datum.  To 
place  around,  surround,  invest. 

Circum-eo,  Ire,  Ivi  or  ii,  itum.  To 
go  around,  surround,  encompass, 
295. 

Circumspicio,  ere,  spexi,  spectum. 
(circum,  specio).  To  look  round, 
look  for,  seek. 

Circum-venio,  Ire,  veni,  ventum.  Tu 
come  around,  encompass,  sur- 
round, circumvent,  deceive. 

Cis,  prep,  with  ace.  On  this  side 
of,  within. 

Cito,  are,  avi,  atum.  To  excite, 
urge,  hasten ;  citato  equo,  at  full 
gallop  or  speed. 

Cito,  eitius,  citissime,  adv.  (citus). 
Soon,  quickly. 

Citra,  adv.,  and  prep,  with  ace.  On 
this  side. 

Citus,  a,  um.     Quick,  swift,  rapid. 

Civllis,  e,  (civis).     Civil,  domestic. 

Civilitas,  atis,  f.  (civllis).  Civility, 
politeness. 

Civis,  is,  m.  and  f.     Citizen. 

Civltas,  atis,  f.  (civis).  City,  state, 
citizenship., 


Clades,  is,  f.  Loss,  slaughter,  de- 
struction, defeat. 

Clam,  adv.,  and  prep,  with  ace.  or 
abL  Secretly,  without  the  know- 
ledge of. 

Clarus,  a,  um.  Splendid,  renowned, 
illustrious,  clear. 

Classiarius,  ii,  m.  (classis).  A  ma- 
rine, pi.  naval  forces. 

Classis,  is,  f.     A  fleet. 

Claudius,  ii,  m.  The  fourth  Roman 
emperor,  (41).  Appius  Claudius, 
one  of  the  decemviri,  (26). 

Claudo,  claudere,  clausi,  clausum. 
To  close,  shut. 

Claudus,  a,  um.     Lame. 

Clemens,  entis.  Mild,  gentle,  clem- 
ent. 

dementia,  ae,  f.  (elemens).  Mild- 
ness, clemency. 

Cleopatra,  ae,  f.  Cleopatra,  queen 
of  Egypt,  (211).  Another  of  the 
same  name  was  the  daughter  of 
Philip  of  Macedon,  (234). 

Clipeus,  or  clypeus,  i,  m.     Shield. 

Cloaca,  ae,  f.     Sewer,  drain. 

Cnaeus,  or  Cneus,  i,  m.  Cnaeus,  a 
Roman  name;  as  Cnaeus  Pom- 
peius. 

Coarguo,  ere,  coargui,  (cum,  arguo). 
To  arraign,  accuse,  indict;  con- 
vict. 

Codes,  ids,  m.  Codes,  a  Roman 
surname.  Horatius  Codes,  a  Ro- 
man, distinguished  in  the  war  with 
Porsena,  (171). 

Coelum,  i,  n.  The  heavens,  sky 
weather. 

Coena,  ae,  f.  Principal  meal  of  the 
Romans,  supper,  dinner. 

Coeo,  ire,  ivi  or  ii,  \tum,  (cum,  eo) 
To  collect,  assemble.    295. 


152 


LATIN    READER. 


ICokpi 


Coepi,  isii,  it,  def.     To  begin.     29*7. 

L'oerceo,  ercere,  crcui,  ercitum,  (cum, 
arceo).  To  check,  confine,  re- 
strain. 

CogUo,  are,  dvi,  (Hum.  To  think, 
ponder. 

Cogndtus,  a,  um.  Related,  subs,  a 
relative. 

Cognitus,  a,  um,  part,  (cognosce). 
Ascertained,  known. 

Cognomen,  Inis,  n.  (cum,  nomen  or 
gnomen).     Surname. 

CognomXno,  are,  dvi,  dtum,  (cogno- 
men).   To  surname,  call,  name. 

Cognosco,  ere,  novi,  ixitum,  (cum, 
nosco  or  gnosco).  To  ascertain, 
learn,  recognize. 

Cogo,  ere,  cocgi,  coactum.  To  col- 
lect, force,  compel. 

Cohibco,  ere,  ui,  Hum,  (cum,  habeo). 
To  hold,  check,  confine. 

Cohors,  cohortis,  f.  Cohort,  tenth 
part  of  a  legion. 

Collatlnus,  i,  m.  Collatinus,  sur- 
name of  Tarquinius,  the  colleague 
of  Brutus  in  the  consulship, 
(169). 

Collcga,  ae,  m.     Colleague. 

Colligo,  ire,  Ugi,  ledum,  (cum,  lego). 
To  collect,  bring  together. 

Colldco,  are,  dvi,  dtum,  (cum,  loco). 
To  place,  set,  erect ;  to  give  in 
marriage. 

Colloquium,  ii,  n.  (colloquor).  Con- 
versation, interview. 

Colloquor,  loqui,  locutus  sum,  dep. 
(cum,  loquor).  To  converse,  talk 
with. 

Collum,  i,  n.    Neck. 

Colo,  ere,  colui,  cultum.  To  culti- 
vate; honor,  worship. 

Color,  Oris,  m.     Color,  complexion. 


Combu.ro,  ere,  bussi,  bustum,  (cum, 

buro  =  uro,  to  burn).     To   bum, 

consume. 
Comes,  Itis,  m.  and  f.     Companion. 
Comissatio,  onis,  f.     Revelling. 
Commedtus,  us,  m.     Supplies. 
Commemoro,  dre,  dvi,  dtum,  (cum,, 

memoro).      To  recall,  remember, 

commemorate,  mention. 
Commentor,  dri,  dtus  sum,  dep.    To 

meditate,  muse    upon,    consider, 

think,  devise,  invent. 
Commlgro,    dre,    dvi,   dtum,  (cum, 

migro).     To  migrate. 
Comminuo,    Sre,   minui,    minfdum, 

(cum,  minuo).     To  dash  in  pieces, 

crush  ;  lessen ;  weaken. 
Committo,  ire,  mlsi,  missum,  (cum, 

mitto).     To  bring  together,  unite, 

intrust,  commit ;  pugnam  commii- 

tire,  to  engage  in  battle. 
Commbdum,  i,  n.     Advantage,  bene- 
fit. 
Commbdus,   a,   um,  (cum,  modus). 

Suitable,  fit,  proper,  convenient. 
Commomfacio,     ire,  feci,  factum, 

(cum,  moneo,  facio).    To  put  in 

mind,  remind,  impress  earnestly. 
Commoror,  dri,  dtus  sum,  (cum,  mo- 

ror).     To  tarry,  delay. 
Commoveo,  ire,  movi,  mbtum,  (cum, 

moveo).    To  move,  excite. 
Communis,  e.     Common. 
Commtirilter,  adv.  (communis).     In 

common,  conjointly. 
Commziiatio,  07iis,  f.     Change. 
CompSro,    are,    dvi,    dtum,    (cum, 

paro).     To   prepare,    make,  pro- 
cure, compare. 
Compello,  are,  dvi,  dtum,  (cum,  pel- 

lo).    To  address,  call. 

Compello,    ire,   piili,  pulsum,  (cum. 


COXGEESSIOJ 


LATIN-ENGLISH    VOCABULARY. 


153 


pello).  To  thrust  together,  to 
force,  compel,  impel. 

Compensatio,  onis,  f.  Compensa- 
tion, exchange,  barter. 

Comperio,  Ire,  peri,  pertum.  To 
find,  find  out. 

Compes,  edis,  f.  (cum,  pes).  Fetter, 
chain. 

Compesco,  ere,  cui.  To  confine, 
check. 

Complector,  ti,  plexus  sum,  (cum, 
plector).   To  embrace,  encompass. 

Compleo,  ere,  evi,  etum,  (cum,  pleo). 
To  fill,  complete. 

Complures,  a.  More  than  one; 
several,  very  many. 

Compono,  ere,  posui,  posltum,  (cum, 
pono).  To  settle,  adjust,  adapt, 
compose. 

Comporio,  are,  cLvi,  ahem,  (cum, 
porto).     To  carry,  bear,  collect. 

Compos,  otis,  (cum,  potis).  Having 
the  mastery  or  control  over  any- 
thing ;  sharing  in,  partaking  of. 

Comprehendo,  ere,  di,  sum,  (cum, 
prehendo).  To  seize,  arrest,  com- 
prehend. 

Concedo,  ere,  cessi,  eessum,  (cum, 
cedo).  To  concede,  grant ;  to  de- 
part, withdraw  ;  pass,  impers.,  it 
is  conceded. 

ConcidO)  ere,  cidi,  (cum,  cado).  To 
fall,  perish. 

Concilio,  are,  avi,  atum,  (concilium). 
To  unite,  conciliate,  procure,  win. 

Concilium,  ii,  n.     Council,  meeting. 

Concio,  Onis,  f.     Public  assembly. 

Concito,  are,  avi,  atum,  (cum,  cito). 
To  raise ;  excite,  excite  rebellion. 

Concordia,  ae,  f.  (concors,  harmo- 
nious).    Concord,  harmony. 

Voncurro,  Pre,   curri  (cucurri),  cur- 


sum,  (cum,  curro).     To  meet,  as- 
semble ;  engage,  fight ;  rush  to. 
Conditio,  onis,  f.  (condo).  Condition, 

terms. 
Condo,  ere,  didi,  ditum,  (cum,  do). 

To  found ;  conceal,  hide ;  place, 

bury. 
Conditco,  ere,  duzi,  ductum,  (cum, 

duco).     To  conduct,  collect ;  hirej 

contract  for. 
Confero,    conferre,     contuli,    collar 

turn,    (cum,    fero).      To    collect, 

confer,  compare ;   engage  battle  ; 

se  conferre,  to  betake  one's  self. 
Confestim,  adv.     Immediately. 
Confido,    ere,  feci,   fectum,    (cum, 

facio).       To    finish,     accomplish, 

make,  produce,  wear  out. 
Confido,  ere,  fisus  sum,  (cum,  fido). 

To  trust,  confide  in. 
Conflgo,  ere,  fixi,  fixum,  (cum,  figo.) 

To  transfix,  fasten  together. 
Confingo,   ere,  finxi,  fictum,   (cum, 

fingo).     To  form,  feign,  pretend. 
Confirmo,    are,    avi,    atum,    (cum, 

firmo).     To  make  firm,  strength. 

en  ;  encourage  ;  corroborate. 
Conflsus,    a,    um,    part,   (confido). 

Trusting,  relying  upon. 
Confiigo,   ere,   Jlixi,  Jlictum,   (cum, 

fligo).     To  engage,  fight. 
Confodio,    ere,  fodi,  fossum,   (cum, 

fodio).     To  pierce,  wound. 
Confugio,  ere,  fugi,  fugitum,  (cum, 

fugio).     To  flee  for  refuge. 
Congredior,  gredi,  gressus  sum,  dep. 

(cum,    gradior).      To    encounter 

fight. 
Congrego,    are,    avi,    atum,    (cum, 

grego).     To  collect,  congregate. 
Congressio,     onis,    f.    (congredior) 

Engagement,  battle. 


154 


LATIN   READER. 


[Cokjioio 


Conjicio,  ere,  jeci,  jectum,  (cum, 
jacio).  To  discharge,  hurl,  throw, 
drive. 

Conjungo,  ere,  junxi,  junctum,  (cum, 
jungo).     To  join,  combine. 

Conjuratio,  onis,  f.  (conjQro).  Con- 
spiracy. 

Conjurdtus,  a,  um,  part,  (conjuro). 
Having  conspired. 

Conjuro,  are,  dvi,  atum,  (cum, 
juro),     To  conspire. 

Conjux,  ugis,  m.  and  f.  (conjungo). 
Husband,  wife. 

Conon,  onis,  m.  Conon,  a  cele- 
brated Athenian  general,  (39, 
111). 

Conor,  dri,  dius  sum,  dep.  To  en- 
deavor, attempt. 

Conscendo,  ere,  scendi,  sccnsum, 
(cum,  scando).  To  ascend,  em- 
bark. 

Conscius,  a,  um.  Privy  to ;  con- 
scious of ;  subs,  accomplice,  confi- 
dant. 

Conscrlbo,  ere,  scripsi,  scriptum 
(cum,  scribo).  To  summon ;  to 
enrol,  arrange,  order ;  compose. 

Conscriptus,  a,  um,  part,  (conscrlbo). 
Enrolled,  assembled.  Patres  con- 
scripti,  conscript  fathers,  i.  c.  sen- 
ators. 

Consfcro,  dre,  dvi,  titum  (cum,  sa- 
cro).     To  consecrate. 

Consector,  dri,  dtus  sum,  dep.  (cum, 
sector).     To  follow,  pursue. 

Consenesco,  e're,  scnui  (cum,  sencsco). 
To  grow  old. 

Vonsequor,  sequi,  secUtus  sum,  (cum, 
sequor).  To  ouccecd,  follow,  pur- 
sue ;  secure,  obtain. 

Cotmro,  ere,  ui,  turn,  (cum,  sero). 
To  join  together-,  man  am  or  pug- 


nam  conserire,  to  join  battle,  en- 
gage in  battle. 

Conservo,  are,  dvi,  atum,  (cum,  sei* 
vo).  To  preserve,  watch  over, 
rescue. 

Considtro,  are,  dvi,  atum.  To  in- 
spect, examine. 

Consldo,  ire,  sedi,  sessum,  (cum,  sido). 
To  encamp,  settle. 

Consilium,  ii,  n.  Counsel,  advice, 
wisdom,  intention,  design,  council. 

Consisto,  ere,  stiti,  stitum,  (cum, 
sisto).  To  place  or  station  one's 
self,  to  stand. 

Consulor,  dri,  dtus  sum,  dep.  (cum, 
solor).    To  comfort,  console. 

Conspectus,  us,  m.  (conspicio). 
Sight,  presence. 

Conspicio,  e're,  spcxi,  spectum,  (cum, 
specio).    To  see,  observe. 

Consplcor,  dri,  dtus  sum,  dep.  (con- 
spicio).    To  behold,  see. 

Conspiralio,  Onis,  f.  (consplro). 
Union,  conspiracy. 

Constanter,  ius,  is6ime,  adv.  (consto). 
Consistently. 

Co7istantia,  ae,  f.  (consto).  Con- 
stancy, firmness. 

Constat,  impers,(consto).  It  is  known, 
is  an  admitted  fact. 

Constituo,  ere,  ui,  utum,  (cum,  sta- 
tuo).     To  constitute ;  build,  erect ; 
station,  place ;  appoint,   an 
manage. 

Consto,  dre,  sfiti,  stutmn,  (cum,  sto), 
To  stand  together,  halt. 

Co)isucsco,  ire,  Zvi,  itwn.  (cum,  su- 
esco).     To  be  accustomed. 

Consuetude^     tub,     f.     (OKA 
Custom,  usage,  haUt 

Consul,  (>//'<,  Oft.  (VonsuhA  ConFul, 
Roman  thief  magistrate. 


COIUOLANUS] 


LATIN-ENGLISH   VOCABULARY. 


155 


Consuluris,  e.  Consular;  subs,  one 
who  has  been  consul,  one  of  con- 
sular rank. 

Consulatus,  us,  m.  (consul).  Con- 
sulship. 

Consulo,  ere,  sului,  sulium.  To  con- 
sult, consider ;  with  dat.  to  consult 
for  one's  good. 

Gonsummo,  are,  dvi,  alum.  To  fin- 
ish, accomplish,  complete. 

Co?isumo,  ere,  sumpsi,  sumptum., 
(cum,  sumo).  To  consume,  wear 
out,  waste,  use,  employ. 

Contego,  ere,  texi,  tectum,  (cum,  tego). 
To  cover. 

Contemno,  ere,  tempsi,  temptum,(c\xm, 
temno).     To  contemn,  despise,  dis- 
regard. 
b      Conlemptus,  us,  m.  (contemno).   Con- 
tempt, scorn,  disregard. 

Contendo,  8re,  tendi,  tentum,  (cum, 
tendo).  To  contend,  strive,  at- 
tempt, labor;  betake  one's  self, go. 

Contentio,  onis,  f.  (contendo).  Ef- 
fort, contest,  struggle,  exertion. 

Contentus,  a,  urn.  Content,  con- 
tented. 

Continents,  entis,  (contineo).  Ad- 
joining, continuous ;  subs.  f.  con- 
tinent. 

Continentia,  ae,  f.  (contineo).  For- 
bearance, self-control. 

Contineo,  ere,  tinui,  tentum,  (cum, 
teneo).     To  hold,  keep,  check. 

Continuo,  are,  dvi,  atum,  (contin- 
uus).  To  connect,  unite,  con- 
tinue. 

Centra,  adv.,  and  prep,  with  ace. 
Against,  opposite  to,  contrary  to ; 
on  the  contrary. 

Vonira-dleo,  &re,  dixi,  dictum.  To 
contradict,  object  to. 


Contraho,  ere,  traxi,  tractum,  (cum, 
traho).    To  collect,  incur,  contract. 

Contrarius,  a,  um,  (contra).  Con- 
trary to,  opposite. 

Contrucldo,  are,  dvi,  atum,  (cum, 
trucido).     To  slay,  kill,  mangle. 

Contueor,  tueri,  tuiius  sum,  dep. 
(cum,  tueor).  To  survey,  look 
upon,  behold  ;  consider,  ponder. 

Convaksco,  ere,  lui,  (cum,  valesco). 
To  gain  strength,  recover. 

Conveniens,  entis,  (convenio).  Be- 
coming, fit,  proper. 

Convenienier,  ius,  issime,  adv.  (con- 
venio). Fitly,  suitably,  agreeably, 
consistently. 

Convenio,  Ire,  vlni,  venium,  (cum, 
venio).  To  convene,  assemble, 
meet,  agree,  harmonize,  befit. 

Converto,  &re,  verti,  versxwn,  (cum, 
verto).  To  turn,  change,  alter, 
convert. 

Convinco,  ere,  vici,  victum,  (cum, 
vinco).     To  conquer,  convict. 

Convivium,  ii,  n.    Feast,  banquet. 

Convdco,  are,  dvi,  atum,  (cum,  voco). 
To  assemble,  call  together. 

Copia,  ae,  f.  Abundance,  supply, 
ability,  power ;  pi.  forces,  stores, 
supplies. 

Coram,  adv.,  and  prep,  with  abl.  In 
the  presence  of,  before. 

Corinthus,  i,  f.  Corinth,  a  city  of 
Achaia,  (162). 

Corinthius,  a,  um,  (Corinthus).  Co- 
rinthian, subs.  Corinthius,  ii,  m.  a 
Corinthian,  (45). 

Corioldnus,  i,  m.  Coriolanus,  a  sur- 
name given  to  Caius  Marcius,  de- 
rived from  Corioli,  the  name  of  a 
town  which  he  had  taken  in  war, 
(1*4), 


156 


LATIN    KEADER. 


[CORIOLI 


Coribli,  Drum,  m.  pi.  Corioii,  a 
town  in  Latium,  (174). 

Cornelia,  ae,  f.  Cornelia,  the  mo- 
ther of  the  Gracchi,  (131). 

Cornelius,  ii,  m.  Cornelius,  the  name 
of  a  distinguished  Roman  gens, 
including  the  Scipios  ;  as,  Publius 
Cornelius  Scipio,  (190,  194). 

'Cornelius,  a,  urn.  Belonging  to  the 
Cornelian  family,  (120). 

Cornu,  us,  n.  Horn,  wing  of  an 
army. 

Corona,  ae,  f.     Garland,  crown. 

Corpus,  oris,  n.     Body,  community. 

Corrigo,  8re,  rexi,  rectum,  (cum, 
rego).     To  reform,  correct. 

Corripio,  £re,  ripui,  reptum,  (cum, 
rapio).     To  seize,  lay  hold  of. 

Corrumpo,  8re,  rupi,  ruptum,  (cum, 
rumpo).   To  corrupt,  bribe,  seduce. 

Crassus,  i,  m.  Crassus,  a  Roman 
name,  (93).  Marcus  Licinius 
Crassus,  a  Roman  general,  (204). 

Creber,  bra,  brum.  Frequent,  nu- 
merous. 

Credo,  ire,  credldi,  crcditum.  To 
trust,  believe. 

CremSra,  ae,  f.  The  Cremera,  a 
river  of  Etruria,  in  Italy,  (175). 

Creo,  are,  mi,  dtum.  To  appoint, 
elect,  make. 

Crcsco,  h-e,  crcvi,  crctum.  To  grow, 
increase. 

Crimen,  Inis,  n.  Crime,  accusa- 
tion. 

CrimXnor,  ari,  dtus  sum,  dep.  (cri- 
men).    To  accuse. 

CVihIp,  is,  m.     Hair. 

Critias,  ae,  m.  Critias,  one  of  the 
thirty  tyrants  at  Athens,  (228). 

Crixus,  i,  m.  Crixus,  •  loader  in 
the  war  of  the  gladiators,  (204). 


Crucio,  are,  Svi,  dtum,  (crux).  To 
pain,  afflict,  torture. 

Crudelis,  e.     Cruel 

Crudetttas,  dtis,  f.  (crudelis).  Cru- 
elty. 

Crudellter,  ius,  isslme,  adv.  (crud* 
lis).     Cruelly. 

Cublium,  i,  n.     The  elbow,  a  cubi* 

Culpa,  ae,  f.     Fault,  blame. 

Cultura,  ae,  f.  (colo).  Agriculture, 
cultivation. 

Cultus,  us,  m.  Culture,  necessaries, 
as  food,  clothing,  etc. 

Cum,  prep,  with  abl.     With. 

Cum,  conj.  =  quum. 

Cumae,  drum,  f.  Cumae,  an  ancient 
city  and  colony  in  Campania,  on 
the  sea-coast,  renowned  for  its 
Sibyl,  (49,  7). 

Cunclatio,  onis,  f.  (cunctor).  De- 
lay. 

Cunctor,  dri,  dtus  sum.  To  delay, 
hesitate. 

Cunctus,  a,  um.  All,  all  together, 
entire. 

Cuplde,  ius,  isslme,  adv.  (cupldus). 
Eagerly. 

CupidUas,  dtis,  f.  (cupldus).  Desire, 
wish. 

Cupldus,  a,  um,  (cupio).  Desirmi?, 
having  desires,  avaricious,  covet- 
ous, fond  of. 

Cupio,  8re,  Ivi  or  ii,  Uum.  To  do- 
sire. 

Cur,  adv.     Why,  wherefore. 

Cura,  ae,  f.  Care,  management 
anxiety. 

Cures,  ium,  f.  pi.  Cures,  the  an- 
cient    capital     of     th,.'    Sabinos, 

(ir>9). 

Curia,  ae,  f.      Renate-hoine •   war!. 
Curiatii,  Grum,  in.  pi.    The  Curiatii, 


Dedo] 


LATIN-ENGLISH    VOCABULARY. 


157 


three  brothers  who  were  selected 
from  the  Alban  army  to  engage 
in  combat  with  the  three  Horatii, 
also  brothers,  from  the  Komans, 
(160).  See  note  on  "  Horatiorum 
et  Curiatiorum,"  (160). 

Curius,   ii,    m.     Curius,   a  Roman 

■  name,  (27). 

Curo,  are,  avi,  atum.     To  care  for, 

j    take  care  of. 

Curro,  ere,  cucurri,  cursum.  To 
run. 

Currus,  us,  m.  (curro).     Chariot. 

Cursor,  oris,  m.  Cursor,  surname 
of  Lucius  Papirius,  dictator  in 
the  Samnite  war,  (178). 

Cursus,  us,  m.  (curro).     Course. 

Custodia,  ae,  f.  Care,  charge  of, 
custody,  confinement. 

Custodio,  Ire,  Ivi  or  ii,  Hum,  (custos). 
To  guard,  preserve,  watch. 

Custos,  odis,  m.  and  f.  Guard, 
keeper. 

Cyiiicus,  i,  m.  A  Cynic  philosopher, 
a  Cynic. 

Cynoscephalae,  arum,  f.  pi.  Cynos- 
cephalae,  "Dogs'  Heads,"  two 
hills  in  Thessaly,  (197). 

Cyprus,  i,  f.  Cyprus,  an  island  in 
the  Mediterranean  sea,  near  Asia 
Minor,  (27,  11). 

Cyrus,  i,  m.  The  name  of  two  emi- 
nent Persian  princes  ;  Cyrus,  the 
Great,  the  founder  of  the  Persian 
empire,  (13),  and  Cyras,  the  son 
of  Darius,  (225). 

D. 

Damnatio,  onis,  f.     Condemnation. 

Damno,  arc,   avi,  atum,  (damnum). 

To  condemn ;  capitis  damndre,  to 

condemn  to  death. 
8 


Damnum,  i,  n.     Loss,  damage. 

Darius,  ii,  m.  Darius,  a  celebrated 
king  of  Persia,  (215). 

Daiis,  is,  m.  Datis,  one  of  the  gen- 
erals of  Darius,  (215). 

De,  prep,  with  abl.  From,  of,  con- 
cerning, on  the  subject  of,  over. 

Debeo,  ere,  ui,  Itum. '  To  owe, 
ought. 

Debeor,  eri,  debitus  sum,  dep.  To 
be  due,  belong. 

Debillto,  are,  avi,  atum.  To  weak- 
en, disable. 

De-cedo,  ere,  cessi,  cessum.  To  de-. 
part,  withdraw,  die. 

Decern,  indecl.     Ten. 

Decemplcx,  ids,  (decern,  plico,  to 
fold).    Tenfold. 

Decem-vir,  vlri,  m.    A  decemvir. 

De-cerno,  ere,  crevi,  cretum.  To  de- 
cide; contend,  fight;  decree,  in- 
trust by  decree. 

Decet,  decuit,  impers.  It  is  seemly, 
becoming,  becomes. 

Decido,  ire,  cldi,  cisum,  (de,  caedo). 
To  cut  off;   decide,  determine. 

DecXmus,  a,  um,  (decern).     Tenth. 

Decipio,  ere,  cepi,  ceptum,  (de,  capio). 
To  deceive. 

De-cldro,  are,  avi,  atum.  To  mako 
clear,  manifest;  declare,  pro- 
nounce. 

Decretum,  i,  n.  (decerno).     Decree. 

Decus,  oris,  n.     Ornament,  honor. 

De-decus,  oris,  n.     Disgrace. 

Dedicatio,  onis,  f.  (dedico).  Dedictv 
tion. 

Dedico,  are,  avi,  atum,  (de,  dico). 
To  dedicate. 

Deditio,  onis,  f.  (dedo).  Surren- 
der. 

De-do,  ere,  dldi,  dlium.     To  surreu- 


158 


LATIN    READER. 


[Dedcco 


der;  devote  one's  Belf  to,  give 
one's  self  up  to. 

De-duco,  tire,  duzi,  ductum.  To  bring 
down,  conduct;  remove;  lead. 

De-fatigo,  are,  avi,  alum.  To  weary, 
fatigue. 

Dcfectio,  onis,  f.  (deficio).  Failure, 
eclipse,  defection. 

De-fendo,  gre,  fendi,  fensum.  To 
defend,  ward  off. 

De-fero,  ferre,  tuli,  latum.  To  offer, 
exhibit,  bestow,  present :  carry  or 
bear  away. 

Deficio,  £re>  feci,  fectum,  (de,  facio). 
To  fail,  spend  itself;  be  eclipsed; 
desert,  revolt. 

De-flagro,  are,  avi,  atum.  To  burn, 
burn  down,  consume,  destroy. 

Deformis,  e,  (de,  forma).  Deformed, 
ugly. 

Dc-fungor,  gi,  functus  mm.  To  dis- 
charge, execute ;  die. 

De-glubo,  ere,  — ,  gluptum.  To  flay, 
to  skin. 

Dein  or  deinde,  adv.  Then,  after- 
wards. 

Deiotarus,  i,  m.  Deiotarus,  a  king 
of  Galatia,  (200). 

Dcjicio,  $re,  jcci,  jectum,  (de,  jacio) 
To  throw  down,  overthrow,  slay. 

Dc-lecto,  are,  avi,  atum.  To  allure  ; 
to  delight,  please. 

Delectus,  a,  um,  (deltgo).    Chosen. 

Deleo,  ere,  Ivi,  etum.  To  destroy, 
efface,  put  an  end  to. 

De-libZro,  are,  avi,  atum.  To  de- 
liberate. 

Dcliciae,  drum,  f.  pi.  Delight  a, 
pleasures;  delight,  darling,  be- 
loved. 

Dellgo,  Pre,  legi,  factum,  (de,  lego). 
To  choose,  select ;  love. 


Delirium,  ii,  n.  Madness,  dotage, 
instances  of  it. 

Delos  or  Delus,  i,  f.  Delos,  a 
small  island  in  the  Aegean  sea, 
(27,  10). 

Delphi,  Drum,  m.  pi.  Delphi,  a 
town  of  Phocis,  celebrated  for  the 
temple  and  oracle  of  Apoll^ 
(217). 

Demaratus,  i,  m.  Demaratus,  tho 
father  of  Tarquinius  Priscus, 
(162). 

De-mergo,  ere,  mersi,  mersum.  To 
plunge  in,  bury  in,  sink. 

De-mitto,  ere,  mlsi,  missum.  To  let 
down,  drop,  send  away,  send. 

DemocrXtus,  i,  m.  Democritus,  a 
celebrated  Grecian  philosopher, 
(91). 

Demorior,  mtri,  mortuus  sum,  (de, 
morior).     To  die. 

Demosthenes,  is,  m.  Demosthenes, 
the  most  celebrated  of  the  Gre- 
cian orators,  (92,  7). 

Demum,  adv.    At  length,  finally. 

Denarius,  ii,  m.  Denarius,  a  Ro- 
man silver  coin,  worth  about  six- 
teen cents. 

Deni,  ae,  a.  Ten  by  ten,  ten  at  a 
time. 

Deriique,  adv.     Finally. 

Dens,  dentis,  m.    A  tooth. 

De-nudo,  are,  avi,  atum.  To  make 
naked,  strip. 

Denuntiatio,  onis,  f.  (denuntio).  De- 
nunciation, warning. 

Denuntio,  are,  avi,  atum.  To  de- 
clare, denounce. 

Denuo,  adv.     Again,  afresh. 

De-pello,  Zre,  puli,  pulsum.  To  drive 
away,  expil. 

De-pdno,    ire,  posui,  pos\lum.     To 


DlQNUS 


LATIN-ENGLISH   VOCABULARY. 


159 


lay  down  or  aside,  deposit,  de- 
pose. 

De-populor,  dri,  atus  sum.  To  pil- 
lage, depopulate. 

De-porlOj  are,  avi,  atum.  To  carry 
off  or  away. 

Dcpraedor,  art,  atus  sam,  (de,  prae- 
dor).     To  ravage,  plunder. 

Deprehendo,  ere,  di,  sum,  (de,  pre- 
hendo).  To  seize,  catch,  detect, 
surprise. 

De-pugno,  are,  avi,  atum.     To  fight. 

Derelictio,  onis,  f.  (de,  relinquo). 
Neglect,  disregard. 

De-scribo,  ere,  scripsi,  scriptum.  To 
describe  ;  impose ;  assess  ;  desig- 
nate; divide. 

Desero,  Zre,  serui,  sertum,  (de,  sero). 
To  abandon,  desert. 

De-sidero,  are,  dvi,  atum.  To  long 
for,  wish,  desire  earnestly. 

Dcsilio,  Ire,  silui,  sultum,  (de,  salio). 
To  alight,  dismount. 

Desino,  ere,  sivi  or  sii,  situm,  (de, 
sino).     To  cease,  desist. 

Desipio,  ere,  (de,  sapio).  To  be 
void  of  understanding,  be  foolish, 
be  delirious. 

De-shilo,  8re,  stiti,  stitum.  To  de- 
list, leave  off. 

Desperatlo,  onis,  f.  (despero).  De- 
spair, desperation. 

Despero,  are,  avi,  atum.  To  de- 
spair. 

Despicio,  ?re,  spexi,  specium,  (de, 
specio).     To  despise,  disregard. 

Destlno,  are,  avi,  atum.  To  destine, 
appoint,  design. 

De-sum,  esse,fui.  To  fail,  be  wanting. 

Dc-terreo,  ere,  ui,  itum.     To  deter. 

Detineo,  ire,  tenui,  tentum,  (de,  te- 
neo).     To  de'ain,  hinder. 


Detraho,  ere,  traxi,  tractum,  (de, 
traho).  To  draw  or  take  away  or 
from,  detract. 

Detrimentum,  i,  n.  Loss,  damage, 
detriment,  harm. 

Deus,  i,  m.    God,  deity.  See  51,  5. 

De-vasto,  are,  — ,  atum.  To  devastate, 
pillage. 

De-venio,  Ire,  vlni,  ventum.  To  come 
down,  arrive,  reach. 

De-vinco,  ere,  vici,  victum.  To  con- 
quer. 

Dexter,  tra,  trum.  Right,  on  the 
right  hand. 

Dextra,  ae,  f.     The  right  hand. 

Di.    See  Dis. 

Diadema,  atis,  n.     Diadem. 

Diagoras,  ae,  m.  Diagoras,  a  Eho- 
dian  athlete,  who  distinguished 
himself  in  the  Olympic  games, 
(143). 

Diana,  ae,  f.  The  goddess  Diana, 
the  daughter  of  Jupiter  and  La- 
tona,  and  sister  of  Apollo,  (97). 

Dico,  ere,  dixi,  dictum.     To  say,  call. 

Dictator,  oris,  m.  (dico).  Dictator, 
an  officer  appointed  by  the  Roman* 
in  times  of  great  danger. 

Dido,  us,  or  onis,  f.  Dido,  the  foun- 
dress of  Carthage,  daughter  of 
Belus,  (44,  III.) 

Dies,  ei,  m.  and  f.     Day. 

Difficile,  ius,  lime,  adv.  (difficilis). 
With  difficulty. 

Difficilis,  e,  (dis,  facilis).  Difficult. 
163,  2. 

Digitus,  i,  m.     Finger. 

Dignitas,  atis,  f.  (dignus).  Dignity, 
rank,  office. 

Dignor,  dri,  atus  sum,  (dignus).  To 
deem  worthy,  deign. 

Dignus,  a  um.     Worthy. 


160 


LATIN   EEADEE. 


[DlLABOB 


Pi-labor^  Cubi,  lapsus  31cm,  dep.  To 
fall  asunder,  go  to  pieces ;  flee ; 
scatter,  disperse. 

Dilalio,  ants,  f.     Delay,  delaying. 

Diligens,  ends,  (dingo).  Fond  of, 
mindful,  diligent,  observant. 

D'digenter, ius,  issime,  adv.  (diligens). 
Carefully,  diligently,  earnestly. 

Diligentia,  ae,  f.  (diligens).  Dili- 
gence. 

DltigOy  ire,  lexi,  ledum,  (dis,  lego). 
To  choose,  love. 

Dimico,  are,  avi,  aturn,  (dis,  di, 
mico).     To  encounter,  fight. 

Di-mitto,  ire,  misi,  rnissum.  To  dis- 
miss, let  go. 

Diogenes,  is,  m.  Diogenes,  the  noted 
Cynic  philosopher  of  Greece,  (135). 

Dion,  onis,  m.  Dion,  brother-in-law 
of  the  tyrant  Dionysius  of  Syra- 
cuse, (31). 

Dionysius,  ii,  m.  Dionysius,  tyrant 
of  Syracuse,  (26). 

Diripio,  Ire,  ripui,  repium,  (dis,  di, 
rapio).     To  lay  waste,  pillage. 

Diruo,  ire,  dirui,  dir  aturn,  (dis,  di, 
ruo).     To  destroy,  demolish. 

Dis,  or  di,  insep.  prep.  Asunder, 
not. 

J)!s-r<do,  ire,  cessi,  ccssum.  To  de- 
part, retire  from. 

Visceptatio,  onis,  f.     Debate,  quarrel. 

J)!.sclj)l'ina,  ae,  f.  Discipline,  in- 
struction. 

Disciptdus,  i,  m.  (disco).  A  learner, 
scholar,  disciple. 

Pisco,  ire,  didici.     To  learn. 

piscordia,  ae,  f.     Strife,  discord. 

piscordo,  are,  avi,  aturn,  (discors, 
discordant).  To  differ,  be  at  va- 
riance, disagree. 

Discrlmcn,  Xnis,  n.     Danger,  crisis. 


Dis-curro,  ere,  curri,  cursum.  To 
run  different  ways,  run  about, 
separate. 

Dispergo,  ire,  spersi,  spersnm,  (dis, 
di,  spargo).     To  scatter,  disperse. 

Displiceo,  ere,  plicui,  pliciturn,  (dis, 
placeo).     To  displease. 

Dis-puto,  are,  avi,  aturn.  To  com- 
pute, estimate ;  examine,  invest! 
gate,  discuss. 

Dis-siro,  ere,  serui,  sertum.  To  ex- 
amine, argue,  discuss. 

Dissidium,  ii,  n.     Dissension. 

Dis-similis,  e.     Unlike,  dissimilar. 

Dissimulo,  are,  avi,  aturn.  To  dis- 
semble, conceal,  omit. 

Du-sipo,  are,  avi,  aturn.  To  dissi- 
pate, scatter. 

Dis-solvo,  ire,  solvi,  solutum.  To  de- 
stroy, abolish,  dissolve. 

Dis-tribuo,  ere,  tribui,  tributwn.  To 
distribute. 

Districtus,  a,  um,  (distringo).  Busy, 
occupied  with. 

Distringo,  ire,  strinxi,  strictum,  (di 
stringo).  To  occupy,  engage  at 
tention. 

Ditio,  onis,  f.     Rule,  sway. 

Diu,  diutius,  diutisswie,  adv.  Longr, 
for  a  long  time. 

Dhdinus,  a,  um,  (diu).  Of  long  du- 
ration,  lasting. 

Diutuniitas,  alls,  f.  (diuturnus). 
Long  time. 

Divcrsus,  a,  um.  Diverse,  unlike, 
opposite. 

Dives,  His.     Rich. 

Divico,  onis,  m.  Divieo,  a  distin- 
guished Helvetian  general. 

DiviJo,  ,rr,  (folfl,  diviswn.  To  di 
vide,  allot. 

Dit'lHus,  a,  um.     Divine. 


Edo] 


LATIN-ENGLISH   VOCABULARY. 


161 


Divitiae,  arum,  f.  (dives).  Riches, 
wealth. 

Dlvus,  a,  um.  Divine;  subs,  god, 
goddess. 

Do,  dare,  dedi,  datum.  To  give, 
grant,  impute,  allow. 

Doceo,  ere,  ui,  turn.     To  teach. 

Doclrlna,  ae,  f.     Instruction,  learn- 

\    ing,  erudition,  doctrine. 

Doctus,  a,  um,  (doceo).  Learned, 
skilled. 

Documentum,  i,  n.  Lesson,  proof, 
specimen,  mark. 

Dolabella,  ae,  m.  Dolabella,  a  Ro- 
man name.  Publius  Cornelius 
Dolabella,  son-in-law  of  Cicero, 
(122). 

Doleo,  ere,  ui,  itum.     To  grieve. 

Dolor,  oris,  m.  (doleo).     Pain,  grief. 

Dolus,  i,  m.     Artifice,  deceit. 

Domesticus,  a,  um,  (domus).  Domes- 
tic, private,  personal. 

Domicilium,  ii,  n.  (domus).  Habi- 
tation, abode. 

Dommatio,  onis.     Rule,  tyranny. 

Dominatus,  us,  m.  Rule,  sove- 
reignty. 

Dominus,  i,  m.     Master,  owner. 

Domo,  are,  ui,  itum.     To  subdue. 

Domus,  us  or  i,  f.  House,  home  ; 
domi,  at  home. 

Donee,  conj.     Until. 

Dono,  are,  avi,  atum,  (donum).  To 
give,  present  with. 

Donum,  i,  n.  (do).     Present,  gift. 

Dormio,  Ire,  Ivi  or  ii,  itum.  To 
sleep,  slumber,  rest. 

Dos,  dotis,  f.     Gift,  dowry. 

Drusus,  i,  m.  Drusus,  son  of  the 
Emperor  Tiberius,  (146). 

Dubitatio,  onis,  f.  (dubito).  Doubt, 
hesitation. 


Dubito,  are,  &vi,  Stum.  To  doubt 
hesitate. 

Dubius,  a,  um.  Doubtful ;  neut.  oj 
ten  subs,  doubt. 

Ducenti,  ae,  a.     Two  hundred. 

Duco,  ere,  duxi,  ductum.  To  lead, 
conduct ;  with  uxorem,  to  marry. 

Duillius,  ii,  m.  Duillius,  a  Roman 
name.  Caius  Duillius,  a  Roman 
commander  and  consul  in  the  first 
Punic  war,  (185). 

Dnlcis,  e.  Sweet,  pleasant,  agreeable. 

Dum,  conj.     While,  until,  provided. 

Dum-modo,  conj.  So  long  as,  pro- 
vided that. 

Duo,  ae,  o.    Two,  both.     175. 

Duodecim,  indec.  (duo,  decern). 
Twelve. 

Duodecimus,  a,  um,  (duodecim). 
Twelfth. 

Duodequadragcsimus,  a,  um.  Thirty- 
eighth. 

Duo-de-viginti,  indec.     Eighteen. 

Duplex,  ids.    Double. 

Duplico,  are,  avi,  atum,  (duplex). 
To  double,  increase. 

Duriiia,  ae,  f.  (durus).  Hardiness, 
austerity,  rigid  temperance,  hard- 
ship. 

Durus,  a,  um.    Hard,  harsh,  rude. 

Dux,  ducis,  m.  and  f.  (duco). 
Leader,  guide,  general. 

E 

E  or  ex,  prep,  with  abl.     From,  out 

of,  of. 
Ebrietas,  atis,  f.     Drunkenness. 
E-disco,   ere,  didici.     To  learn  by 

heart,  commit  to  memory. 
E-do,  edere,  edidi,  editum.     To  set 

forth,  publish ;  do,  perform,  make, 

utter. 


162 


LATIN   READER. 


[Edoceo 


E-docco,  ere,  docui,  doctum.  To 
teach  one  thoroughly,  inform,  in- 
struct. 

E-duco,  ere,  duxi,  duclum.  To  lead 
out  or  forth. 

Effero,  are,  avi,  atum.  To  enrage, 
madden,  render  unmanageable. 

Effero,  ferre,  extuli,  eldium,  (ex, 
fero).  To  bring  forth,  carry  forth 
or  out ;  elate. 

Efficio,  ere,  feci,fectum,  (ex,  facio). 
To  effect,  occasion,  accomplish, 
make,  render. 

Effluo,  #re,  Jluxi,  fiuxum,  (ex,  fluo). 
To  flow  out,  pass  away,  disappear. 

Effugio,  Zre,fugi,  fugitum,  (ex,  fu- 
gio).  To  flee,  escape  from,  escape. 

Effundo,  Zre,  fudi,  fusum,  (eX,  fun- 
do).  To  pour  out,  pour  ;  indulge 
in ;  squander,  waste. 

Egeo,  egere,  egui.  To  need,  to  want, 
require,  to  be  without. 

Egeria,  ae,  f.  Egeria,  a  prophetic 
nymph  from  whom  Numa  pro- 
fessed to  receive  instructions, 
(159). 

Ego,  mei,  I.  Egomet,  I  myself. 
184,  6. 

Egredior,  egrcdi,  egressus  sum,  dep. 
(e,  gradior).  To  go  or  come  out, 
to  go  forth,  to  go,  to  run  away. 

Egregie,  adv.  (egregius).  Excel- 
lently, remarkably. 

Egregius,  a,  urn.  Excellent,  dis- 
tinguished. 

Ejicio,  <frc,  eject,  ejectum,  (c,  jacio). 
To  throw  or  drive  out,  expel; 
reject. 

E-labor,  eliibi,  elapsus  sum,  dep.  To 
slip  away,  get  off,  escape. 

E-laboro,  are,  avi,  atum.  To  labor, 
exert  one's  self. 


Elcganlia,  ac,   f.     Elegance,   taste, 

propriety. 
Elementa,   drum,  n.   pi.     The  first 

principles,  rudiments,  elements. 
Elcphantus,  i,  m.     Elephant. 
Eligo,  $re,  elegi,  electum,  (e,  lego). 

To  choose,  elect. 
Eloquens,  entis,  (eloquor).  Eloquent 
Eloquenter,   ius,    isstme,   adv.   (elo- 

quens).    Eloquently. 
Eloquentia,  ae,  f.     Eloquence. 
Eloquor,  luqui,    hcutus  sum,  dep. 

To  speak  out,  utter,  declare,  tell. 
Emax,  acis,  (emo).     Eager  to  buy, 

fond  of  buying. 
Emergo,   ere,  mersi,  mersum.     To 

emerge,  come  to  light,  rise  in  im- 
portance. 
Eminentia,   ae,   f.      Eminence,   ex- 
cellence. 
Emineo,  ere,  ui.      To  stand  out,  be 

prominent  or  conspicuous. 
Emitto,  Pre,  mlsi,  missum.   To  send 

forth  or  away ;  let  go. 
Emo,  ere,   emi,  emptum.     To   buy, 

purchase. 
Emolumentum,  i,   n.     Effort,  exer- 
tion ;  gain,  profit,  advantage. 
Enim,  conj.     For,  indeed. 
Eniteo,  ere,  nitui.     To  shine  forth ; 

be  distinguished. 
Ennius,  ii,  n.     Ennius,  a  celebrated 

Roman  poet,  (120). 
Eo,  adv.      Thither  ;   therefore  ;    to 

usque,  so  far,  to  such  an  extent. 
Eo,  Ire,  tvi  or  ii,  itum.     To  go ; 

walk,  sail,  ride,  pass.     295. 
Eudcm,  adv.  (idem).     To  the  same 

place. 
Epaminondas,  ae,  m.    Epaminomla-:, 

a    celebrated     Theban     g 

(92,  5). 


EXCBDO] 


LATIN-ENGLISH    VOCABULARY. 


163 


Ephesius,  a,  um.  Ephesian,  relating 
to  Ephesus,  of  Ephesus,  born  at 
Ephesus,  (97). 

Epigramma,  atis,  n.  Inscription, 
epigram.    58,  2. 

Eplrus,  i,  f.  Epirus,  a  province  in 
the  north  of  Greece,  (180). 

Epistbla,  ae,  f.    A  letter,  epistle. 

Epulae,  arum,  f.  pi.  Food,  banquet, 
feast. 

Epulor,  dri,  dtus  sum,  (epulae).  To 
feast. 

Eques,  itis,  m.  (equus).  Horseman. 
PL  cavalry. 

Equester,  iris,  tre,  (eques).  Eques- 
trian. 

Equidcm,  conj.  Indeed,  truly,  by 
all  means. 

Equitdtus,  us,  m.     Cavalry. 

Equus,  i,  m.  Horse :  ex  equo,  from 
a  horse,  on  horseback. 

Eretria,  ae,  f.  Eretria,  an  impor- 
tant city  on  the  island  of  Euboea, 
(16). 

Erga,  prep,  with  ace.     Towards. 

Ergo,  adv.  Therefore  ;  as  subs.  abl. 
on  account  of,  for,  with  gen. 

Erigo,  ere,  erexi,  erectum,  (e,  rego). 
To  raise  up,  animate. 

Eripio,  ere,  eripui,  ercptum,  (e,  ra- 
pio).     To  snatch  or  take  away. 

Error,  oris,  m.    Error,  deception. 

Erudio,  Ire,  vol  or  ii,  Uum.  To  in- 
struct, refine,  discipline. 

Erudxtus,  a,  um,  part,  (erudio). 
Learned,  instructed  in. 

E-rumpo,  ere,  rupi,  ruptum.  To 
break  forth,  rush  forth. 

Eruo,  ere,  erui,  erutum,  (e,  ruo).  To 
root  out,  destroy. 

Esca,  ae,  f.     Food,  bait. 

Ely  conj.     And;  et — el,  both — and. 


Et-enim,  conj.     For,  truly,  because 

that,  since. 
Etiam.    Also,  even. 
Eliam-si.    Even  if,  although. 
Etiam-tum,  conj.     Even  then,   till 

then,  still. 
Etruria,  ae,  f.      Etruria,  a  country 

of  Central  Italy ;  Tuscany,  (190). 
Etruscus,  i,  m.     An  Etruscan,  inha- 
bitant of  Etruria,  (171). 
Et-si.    Even  if,  although,  though. 
Euboea,  ae,  f.    Euboea,  an  island  in 

the  Aegean  sea,  (84).  [(144). 

Euripides,is,  m.  An  Athenian  poet, 
Euphrates,  is,  m.  A  river  in  Asia,  (24). 
Europa,   ae,   f.     The  continent  of 

Europe. 
Eurybiades,  is,  m.    A  king  of  Sparta, 

(219). 
Evado,   ere,   vasi,   vasum.      To  go 

out ;  to  turn  out,  become ;  escape ; 

evade. 
E-venio,  Ire,  veni,  ventum.    To  come 

forth,    happen ;     evcnil,    ut,    it 

chanced,  that. 
E-verto,  ere,  verti,  vcrsum.     To  pull 

down,  overthrow. 
Evoco,  are,  avi,  atum,  (e,  voco).    To 

call  forth,  summon. 
Evblo,  are,  avi,  atum,  (e,  volo).     To 

fly  or  flee  away,  hasten  away. 
Ex,  prep,  with  abl.    From.    See  e 

or  ex. 
Ex-adversum  or  ex-adversus,    adv, 

and  prep,   with  ace.      Opposite, 

against. 
Ex-ammo,  are,  ctvi,  atum.     To  de- 
prive of  life  or  spirit ;  kill. 
Ex-ardesco,  ere,  arsi.     To  kindle,  be 

inflamed  ;  break  out,  as  war. 
Ex-cedo,  ere,  cessi,  cessum.    To  retire, 

withdraw. 


I6i 


LATIN   READER. 


[EXCELLO 


Ex-cello,  ere,  ccllai,  cclsum.     To  ele- 
vate ;  excel,  be  eminent. 
Excclsus,  a,  um,  (excello).     Lofty. 
Excidium,  ii,  n.     Destruction,  ruin. 
Excipio,  foe,  cepi,  ceptum,  (ex,  ca- 

pio).    To  take  out,  except. 
Ex-cito,  are,  avi,  alum.      To  excite, 

arouse,  awaken,  strengthen. 
Excludo,  foe,  clusi,  clusum,  (ex,  clau- 

do).    To  exclude,  shut  out,  cut  off. 
Ex-coglto,  are,  avi,  atum.  To  devise, 

think  out. 
Exculio,  ere,  cussi,  cussum,  (ex,  qua- 

tio).     To  shake  or  throw  off. 
Exemplum,  i,  n.    Example. 
Ex-eo,  Ire,  tvi  or  ii,  tlum.     To  go 

from  or  forth. 
Exerceo,  ere,  cui,  citum,  (ex,  arceo). 

To  exercise,  practise. 
Exercitus,  us,  m.  (exerceo).     Army, 

train. 
Ex-haurio,  tre,  hausi,  hauslum.     To 

exhaust,  impoverish. 
Ex-horresco,  ere,  horrui.     To  dread, 

to  tremble  at. 
Exigo,    ere,   egi,   actum,   (ex,   ago). 

To  drive  out,  expel ;  finish,  end ; 

demand. 
Exiguus,  a,  um.     Small. 
Eximius,  a,  um.     Excellent,  choice, 

remarkable. 
Eximo,  ere,  Zmi,  empfwn,  (ex,  emo). 

To  take  away  or  from  ;  exempt ; 

rescue. 
ExistlmCdio,  onis,  f.  (existlmo).     An 

opinion,  judgment,    supposition ; 

reputation. 
!\.'is!imo,  arc,  avi,  uhim,  (ex,  aestl- 

ino).     To  judge,  think. 
h'x/tium,  ii,  n.  (exeo).     End,  death, 

destruction. 
k'x-ori<>r,    onri,    ort%U     sum,    (top., 


partly  of  3d  conj.  To  arise ;  be 
derived  from.     288,  2. 

Ex-orno,  arc,  avi,  atum.  To  adorn, 
beautify,  embellish,  furnish,  equip. 

Exosus,  a,  um.  Hating,  hated, 
odious. 

Expedio,  ire,  wi  or  ii,  ttum.  To  re- 
lease, extricate ;  also  to  be  expe- 
dient, or  profitable. 

Expeditio,  onis,  f.  (expedio).  Expe- 
dition. 

Ex-pello,  Pre,  puli,  pulsum.  To  ex- 
pel, drive  away,  banish. 

Ex-pcto,  ere,  tvi  or  ii,  itum.  To 
seek,  request. 

Ex-plco,  ere,  evi,  Hum.  To  fill  make 
full;  fulfil. 

Ex-plico,  are,  avi,  atum.  To  u-jfold ; 
adjust;  settle. 

Explorator,  oris,  m.     Explorer,  spy. 

Ex-pugno,  are,  avi,  atum.  To  take, 
conquer,  storm. 

Ex-scindo,  ere,  scidi,  scissum.  To 
destroy. 

Ex-sculpo,  %rt,  sculpsi,  scu'ptum.  To 
erase. 

ExsecrabXlis,  e.    Detestable. 

Exsequiae,  arum,  f.  pi.    Funeral. 

Ex-sequor,  scqui,  scciltus  sum.  To 
prosecute,  accomplish,  finish  ;  per- 
form. 

Exsilium,  ii,  n.     Banishment,  exile. 

Exspectatio,  Onis,  f.  (exspecto).  Ex- 
pectation, high  hope. 

Exspecto,  are,  avi,  alum.  To  await, 
expect. 

Er-stixguo,  Pre,  stinxi,  stinctum.  To 
extinguish,  destroy. 

Ecstruo,  ire,  stri:  n.     To 

build,  construct. 

/■>.<'/,  Blii,  m.  and  f.     An  exile. 

Kx-tanplo,  adv.     Immediately. 


Fide  lis] 


LATIN-ENGLISH    VOCABULARY. 


165 


Ex-torqueo,  ere,  torsi,  tortum.      To 

extort,  obtain  by  force. 
Ex-tralio,  ere,  traxi,  tractum.      To 

extract,  draw  out,  remove ;  rescue. 


Fabhcs,  ii,  m.  Fabius,  the  name  of 
a    distinguished    Roman    family. 

'  Quinius  Fabius  Maxxmus,  the 
celebrated  Roman  general  who 
so  successfully  weakened  Hanni- 
bal in  the  first  Punic  war,  (175). 

Fabricius,  ii,  m.  Fabricius,  a  dis- 
tinguished leader  of  the  Romans  in 
the  war  against  Pyrrhus,  (182). 

Fabula,  ae,  f.  Report,  narrative, 
fable,  story,  drama. 

Facies,  ei,  f.     A  face,  appearance. 

Facile,  im,  lime,  adv.  (facilis).  Easily. 

Facilis,  e,  (facio).     Easy. 

Factum,  oris,  n.  Deed,  act ;  wick- 
edness, crime. 

Facio,  ere,  feci,  factum.  To  do,  act, 
make,  compose. 

Factio,  onis,  f.     Faction,  party. 

Facultas,  atis,  f.  Capacity,  ability, 
resource,  opportunity ;  plur.  riches, 
property,  resources. 

Fallo,  ere,  fefelli,  falsum.  To  de- 
ceive, foil. 

Falsus,  a,  um.     False,  spurious. 

Fama,  ae,  f.     Fame,  report. 

Fames,  is,  f.     Hunger,  famine. 

Familia,  ae,  f.  Retinue  of  slaves,  a 
family. 

Familiar itas,  atis,  f.  Friendship, 
intimacy. 

Yamula,  ae,  f.     Female  slave. 

Fannius,  ii,  m.  Fannius,  a  Roman 
name,  (43). 

Fanum,  i,  n.     Temple. 

Fascis,  is,  m.     A  bundle,  parcel. 


Fastidio,  Ire,  Ivi  or  ii,  Hum.  To 
loathe,  despise,  disdain. 

Fatalis,  e,  (fatum).    Fated,  fatal. 

Fatlgo,  are,  avi,  atum.  To  oppress, 
trouble,  weary,  importune. 

Fatum,  i,  n.     Fate,  destiny,  oracle. 

Fauce,  abl.  f. ;  plur.  fauces,  faucium. 
Throat,  jaws. 

Famtulus,  i,  m.  Faustulus,  the 
shepherd  who  brought  up  Romu- 
lus and  Remus,  (153). 

Faveo,  ere,  favi,  faulum.  To  favor. 

Favor,  oris,  m.  (faveo).  Favor, 
kindness. 

Felicitas,  atis,  f.  (felix).  Felicity, 
success. 

Feliciier,  ius,  issime,  adv.  (felix). 
Happily,  prosperously. 

Fells,  is,  f.     Cat. 

Felix,  icis.     Happy. 

Femina,  ae,  f.     Woman,  female. 

Femur,  oris,  n.     Thigh. 

Fera,  ae,  f.     Wild  beast. 

Ferax,  acis.  Fertile,  fruitful,  pro- 
ductive. 

Fere,  adv.     Almost. 

Ferme,  adv.     Almost. 

Ferio,  ire.     To  strike,  beat. 

Fero,  ferre,  tuli,  latum.  To  bear, 
endure  ;  raise ;  say,  tell ;  propose, 
as  law.     292. 

Ferox,  dels.      Bold,  warlike,  savage. 

Ferrum,  i,  n.     Iron,  sword. 

Fertilis,  e.     Fertile,  rich. 

Ferus,  a,  um.  Wild,  rude,  cruel ; 
ferus  and  fera  (subs.),  wild  animal 
or  beast.  ' 

Fessus,  a,  um.    Wearied,  exhausted. 

Festlno,  are,  avi,  atum.    To  hasten. 

Feslm,  a,  um.  Festal ;  festum  (subs.), 
a  festival,  feast. 

Fidelis,  e,  (fides).  Faithful,  trusty. 


160 


LATIN   READER. 


[FlDtf 


Fides,  ei,  f.      Fidelity,   allegiance ; 

protection,  confidence,  assurance ; 

infidem,  under  protection. 
Fido,   Pre,   fisus   sum.       To   trust, 

confide. 
Fiducia,  ac,  f.     Trust,  confidence. 
Filia,  ae,  f.,  dat  and  abl.  pi.  filiabus. 

Daughter.    49,  4. 
Filius,  ii,  m.    Son. 
Fingo,  ire,  finzi,  fictum.     To  form, 

feign,  represent. 
Finio,   Ire,   Ivi,   Hum,  (finis).      To 

finish,  put  an  end  to. 
Finis,  is,  m.  and  f.     Limit,  end ;  pi. 

territory. 
Finittmus,   a,    um.      Neighboring ; 

subs,  a  neighbor. 
Fio,  fieri,  f actus  sum,  pass,  offacio. 

To  be  made ;    become,  happen. 

294. 
Firme,  adv.     Firmly,  resolutely. 
FirmXtas,  Otis,  f.  (firmus).  Firmness, 

strength. 
Firmus,  a,  um.    Strong,  secure,  firm. 
Flagitiosus,  a,  um.     Infamous,  aban- 
doned. 
Flagilium,  ii,  n.     Disgrace,  shame, 

base  deed. 
Flagro,  are,  avi,  alum.     To  burn,  be 

carried  on  with  zeal. 
Flaminius,  ii,  m.     Flaminius,  a  Ro- 
man consul,  defeated  by  Hannibal 

at  the  Lake  Trasimcnus,  (190). 
Flarnma,  ac,  f.     Flame. 
Flcclo,  ere,  ficxi,  fiezum.     To  bend, 

turn. 
Hctus,  us,  m.    Weeping,  tears. 
Florcyis,  cutis,  (floreo).     Blooming, 

youthful,  excellent.    Florcns  actas, 

youth. 
Fhresco,   Pre,  fiorui,  (floreo).      To 

bloom,  flourish,  prosper ;  excel. 


Flos,  oris,  m.    Blossom,  flower. 

Flumen,  xnis,  n.     Stream,  rver. 

Fluvius,  ii,  m.    River. 

Foederatus,  a,  um.  Confederate, 
allied. 

Focdus,  Pris,  n.  League,  alliance 
treaty. 

F'ons,  ontk,  m.     Spring,  fountain. 

Forem,  es,  etc.=cssem,  es,  etc.,  Might 
be  ;  fore=futurum  esse.  See  297, 
III.  2. 

Formo,  are,  avi,  dtum.  To  form, 
fashion,  adjust. 

Fors,  fortis,  f.  Chance  ;  abl.  forte 
as  adv.,  by  chance,  perchance. 

Forsilan,  (fors,  sit,  an).     Perhaps. 

Fortasse.     Perhaps. 

Forte.     See  fors. 

Fortis,  e.     Brave,  valiant. 

ForlUer,  ius,  issimet  ad  7.  (fortis). 
Bravely. 

Fortiludo,  inis,  f.  (fortis).  Forti- 
tude, bravery. 

Fortuna,  ac,  f.    Fortune. 

Forum,  i,  n.     Market-place,  forum. 

Fossa,  ae,  f.     Ditch,  trench. 

Frango,  ere,  fregi,  fractum.  To 
break. 

Fraler,  iris,  m.     Brother. 

Fraus,  dis,  f.     Fraud,  deceit. 

Frequenter,  ius,  isshne,  adv.  Fre- 
quently, in  great  numbers. 

Frctus,  a,  um.  Trusting,  relying 
upon. 

Frucius,  us,  m.     Fruit,  produce. 

Frugalitos,  dtis,  f.  Frugality,  in- 
tegrity. 

Frumcntum,  i,  n.     Corn,  grain. 

Fruor,  frui,  f rut  tits  and  /HldMI 
sum,  dep.     To  enjoy. 

Frnsira,  adv.     In  vain. 

Fuga,  ac,  f.     Flight. 


Gbacchus] 


LATIN-ENGLISH    VOCABULARY. 


167 


Fugio,  ere,  fugi,  fugttum.  To  fly, 
flee,  avoid,  shun. 

Fugo,  are,  avi,  cltum.  To  rout,  put 
to  flight. 

Fulgur,  uris,  n.  Lightning,  thun- 
derbolt. 

Fulguratio,  onis,  f.     Lightning. 

fulmen,  mis,  n.  Lightning,  thun- 
derbolt. 

Fundamentum,  i,  n.     Foundation. 

Functitus,  adv.     Utterly,  entirely. 

Fundo,  ere,  fudi,  fusum.  To  pour 
out,  shed,  rout;  also  to  make, 
cast. 

Funcsius,  a,  um,  (funus).  Deadly, 
destructive ;  mournful,  sad. 

Fungor,  fungi,  functus  sum,  dep.  To 
discharge,  perform,  pay. 

Furcula,  ae,  f.  Fork.  Furculae 
Caudlnae  ;  see  Caudlnus. 

Furius,  ii,  m.  Furius,  a  Roman  fa- 
mily name,  as  Marcus  Furius  Ca- 
millus  ;  see  Camillus. 

Furor,  oris,  m.     Fury,  madness. 

Furtum,  i,  n.     Theft. 

Fulurus,  a,  urn,  part.  (sum).  Future. 

G. 

Galatta,  ae,  f.  Galatia,  a  country 
of  Asia  Minor,  (206). 

Gallia,  ae,  f.  The  ancient  country 
of  Gaul,  (209). 

Gallicus,  a,  uni,  (Gallia).     Gallic. 

Galllna,  ae,  f.     Hen. 

Gallus,  i,  m.     A  cock. 

Gallus,  i,  m.  (Gallia).     A  Gaul,  a 

/   native  of  Gaul,  (39,  III.). 

Gaudeo,  ere,  gavlsus  sum.  To  re- 
joice, take  pleasure  in.     271,  3. 

Gaudium,  ii,  n.     Joy,  pleasure. 

Geminus,  a,  um.     Twin,  double. 

Gemma,  ae,  f.     Gem. 


Gener,  eri,  m.     Son-in-law. 

Genero,  are,  avi,  atum,  (genus).  To 
beget,  create,  produce. 

Genitus,  a,  um,  part,  (gigno).  Born, 
produced. 

Gens,  gentis,  f.  Family,  clan,  tribe, 
nation,  race.  Ubinam  gentium, 
where  in  the  world  ? 

Genus,  eris,  n.  Race,  family,  peo- 
ple, kind. 

Germania,  ae,  f.  Germany,  (39, 
Y.). 

Germanus,  *,  m.  (Germania).  A 
German,  (30). 

Gero,  ere,  gessi,  gestum.  To  bear, 
wear ;  carry  on,  perform ;  wage, 
as  war. 

Gestio,  Ire,  xvi  or  ii,  Hum.  To  de- 
sire, long  for. 

Gigno,  ere,  genui,  genitum.  To 
bring  forth,  beget,  produce. 

Glacidlis,  e.     Icy,  freezing. 

Gladiator,  oris,  m.  Gladiator,  a 
fighter  at  the  public  games. 

Gladiatorius,  a,  um,  (gladiator). 
Gladiatorial. 

Gladius,  ii,  m.     Sword. 

Glisco,  ere.     To  grow,  spread ;  rise. 

Gloria,  ae,  f.     Glory. 

Glorior,  ari,  dtus  sum,  dep.  To 
boast,  exult,  glory. 

Gracchus,  i,  m.  Gracchus,  a  Ro- 
man name.  Sempronius  Grac- 
chus, the  Roman  general  defeat- 
ed by  Hannibal  at  the  Trebia, 
(190).  Gracchi,  drum,  m.  pi. 
The   Gracchi,    members    of   the 

'  Gracchus  family,  but  especially 
the  two  brothers,  Tiberius  Come 
lius  Gracchus  and  Caius  Corne- 
lius Gracchus,  famous  in  the  poli- 
tical history  of  Rome,  (131). 


168 


LATIN    KEADER. 


[GUADCS 


Gracilis,  us,  in.    Step,  position,  stair. 

Gracce,  adv.  (Graecus).  In  the 
Greek  language,  in  Greek. 

Graccia,  ae,  f.     Greece,  (210). 

Graecus  or  Grains,  a,  um,  (Grac- 
cia). Grecian.  Subs.  Graecus 
or  Graius,  i,  m.  A  Greek,  (30, 
8). 

Grammattca,  ae,  f.     Grammar. 

Grammaticus,  a,  um.  Of  or  be- 
longing to  grammar,  grammatical. 

Grandis,  e.     Large,  great. 

Gr ando,\nis,  f.     Hail. 

Gratia,  ae,  f.  Favor,  gratitude ; 
pi.  thanks;  gratia,  abl.  for  the 
sake  of. 

Gratiis  or  gratis,  adv.  For  nothing, 
without  pay. 

Gratulatio,  onis,  f.  Gratulation, 
congratulation. 

Graius,  a,  um.  Pleasing,  accept- 
able,- grateful. 

Gravis,  c,    Heavy,  severe. 

Gravitas,  dlis,  f.  (gravis).  Weight ; 
dignity,  gravity. 

Graviter,  ius,  isstme,  adv.  (gravis). 
Heavily,  severely. 

Gravo,  are,  dvi,  dtum,  (gravis).  To 
burden,  load. 

Grus,  gruis,  m.  and  f.     Crane. 

Guberndlor,  oris,  m.  Pilot,  ruler, 
governor. 

Gubcrno,  are,  dvi,  atum.  To  steer, 
pilot;  direct,  manage. 

GyHppus,  i,  m.  Gylippus,  a  Spar- 
tan commander  in  the  Sicilian 
expedition,  (223). 

n. 

Sofoo,  fre,  ui,  itum.  To  have;  re- 
gard ;  keep.  Scrmancm  habere, 
to  hold  a  conversation. 


Hablto,  are,  dvi,  alum,  (habeo).  To 
inhabit,  live  in,  dwell  in.  332, 
I.  2. 

Habitus,  us,  m.  (habeo).  Habit, 
dress,  attire. 

Hamilcar,  dris,  ra.  Hamilcar,  the 
father  of  Hannibal,  (186). 

Hamus,  i,  m.     Fish-hook,  hook. 

Hannibal,  dlis,  m.  Hannibal,  the 
celebrated  Carthaginian  general  in 
the  second  Punic  war,  (189). 

Hanno,  onis,  m.  Hanno,  a  Cartha- 
ginian general  in  the  second  Punic 
war,  (195). 

Hasdrubal,  dlis,  m.  Hasdrubal, 
son  of  Hamilcar  and  brother  of 
Hannibal,  (192).  Another  of  the 
same  name  was  the  brother-in-law 
of  Hannibal,  and  the  founder  of 
New  Carthage,  in  Spain. 

Hasta,  ae,  f.     Spear. 

Hastile,  is,  n.     Spear. 

Hastilis,  e,  (hasta).  Belonging  to  a 
spear. 

Ilaud,  adv.     Not. 

Haurio,  ire,  hausi,  haustum.  To 
drink,  draw  out,  exhaust. 

Hector,   dris,    m.     Hector,   son  of 
Priam  and  Hecuba,  the  1 
of  the  Trojans,  (146). 

Hedera,  ae,  f.     Ivy. 

Hcllespontus,  i,  m.  Hellespont,  the 
straits  of  the  Dardanelles. 

Helvetii,  drum,  m.  The  Helvetians, 
a  people  of  Gaul,  (42). 

Hercules,  is,  m.  Hercules,  a  (vi- 
brated Grecian  hero,  deified  aid  r 
death. 

Hcres,  idis,  ni.  and  f.  Heir,  heir- 
ess. 

Hcrcntiius,  i>,  m.  Ilcronnius,  tlie 
lather  of  Pontius  Thelesiuus,  who 


Xco] 


LATIN-ENGLISH    VOCABULARY. 


169 


conquered  the  Romans  at  the  Cau- 
dine  Forks,  (179). 

Herodotus,  i,  m.  Herodotas,  a  cele- 
brated Grecian  historian,  (20). 

Her os,  ois,  m.     Hero. 

Heu  I  interj.     Oh  !  Ah  !  Alas  ! 

Hiberna,  drum,  n.  (hibernus).  Win- 
ter-quarters. 
flic,  haec,  hoc.     This,  he,  she,  it. 

Hie,  adv.     Here,  in  this  place. 

Hiems,  emis,  f.     Storm,  winter. 

Hiero,  onis,  m.  Hiero,  king  of  Sy- 
racuse at  the  time  of  the  first  Pu- 
nic war,  (185). 

IRerosolyma,  ae,  f.  or  drum,  n.  pi. 
Jerusalem,  the  capital  of  Judea, 
(206). 

Hinc,  adv.  (hie).  Hence,  on  this  ac- 
count, on  this  side ;  hinc — hinc, 
on  the  one  side — on  the  other 
side. 

Hippias,  ae,  m.  Hippias,  son  of 
Pisistratus,  tyrant  of  Athens, 
(97). 

Hispania,  ae,  f.     Spain,  (97). 

Hispdnus,  a,  um.  Spanish ;  subs. 
Hispdnus,  i,  m.  A  Spaniard, 
(194). 

Historia,  ae,  f.     History. 

ffodie,  adv.     To-day. 

Hoedus,  i,  m.    A  kid,  young  goat. 

ffomerus,  i,  m.  Homer,  the  cele- 
brated Greek  epic  poet,  (134). 

Homor  inis,  m.  and  f.  Human  being, 
man. 

Uonestas,  diis,  f.  (honestus).  Honor, 
honesty. 

Honeste,  his,  issime,  adv.  (honestus). 
Honorably,  nobly,  honestly. 

Honestus,  a,  um,  (honor).  Full  of 
honor,  honorable,  creditable,  wor- 
thy, virtuous.  I 


Honor  or  honos,  oris,  m.  Honor, 
rank,  dignity. 

Honorifice,  centius,  centissime,  adv. 
(honorificus).    Honorably.     305. 

Honoro,  are,  avi,  dtum,  (honor).  To 
honor,  reverence. 

Hora,  ae,  f.     Hour. 

Horreo,  ere,  horrui.  To  shudder' 
shudder  at,  dread. 

Iloratii,  drum,  m  pi.  See  Curiatii ; 
also  note  on  "  Horatidrum  et  Cu- 
riatiorum,  (160). 

Horatius,  ii,  m.  See  Codes  and 
Pulvillus. 

Hortensius,  ii,  m.  Hortensius,  a 
Roman  name.  Quintus  Horten- 
sius Hortalus,  a  celebrated  orator 
in  the  time  of  Cicero,  (84,  91). 

Hortor,  dri,  dtus  sum,  dep.  To 
exhort,  incite. 

Hosplta,  ae,  f.     Guest. 

Hostia,  ae,  f.     Victim. 

Hostllis,  e,  (hostis).     Hostile. 

Hostilius,  ii,  m.  Hostilius,  a  Roman 
name.  Tullus  Hostilius,  the  third 
king  of  Rome,  (160).  Caius 
Hostilius  Manclnus,  a  Roman 
consul,  (201). 

Hostis,  is,  m.  and  f.     Enemy. 

Humanus,  a,  um,  (homo).     Human. 

Humilis,  e.     Humble,  small,  low. 

Humo,  are,  avi,  dtum.     To  bury. 

Hypdnis,  is,  m.  Hypanis,  a  river 
of  Sarmatia,  (85). 


H>erus,  i,  m.  Iberus,  a  river  of 
Spain,  now  the  Ebro,  (25). 

Ibi,  adv.     There,  in  that  place. 

Ico,  ire,  id,  ictum.  To  strike; 
make,  ratify. 


170 


LATIN   READER. 


[Idem 


Idem,    eddem,    idem.      The    same ; 

sometimes  best  rendered  by  also. 
Idoncu*,  a,  um.     Suitable,  fit. 
Igitur,    conj.       Therefore,    accord- 
ingly. 
Ignavus,    a,    um.      Slothful,    indo- 
lent. 
Jgnis,  is,  m.     Fire. 
Ignoro,  arc,  avi,    atum.     To  be  ig- 
norant of,  not  know. 
Ignosco,    ire,   ignovi,  ignotum.     To 

excuse,  forgive,  overlook. 
Menses,    ium,   m.     Inhabitants    of 

Ilium,  Trojans,  (146). 
Ilium,  ii,  n.     Ilium,  or  Troy,  some- 
times  applied    to  the   city,    and 
sometimes  to  the  district,  (230). 
llle,  a,  ud.     That ;  he,  she,  it. 
Jllustris,  e.    Illustrious,  famous. 
Iilustro,  are,  avi,  dtum,  (illustris). 
To  enlighten,   illumine,  illustrate, 
celebrate. 
lllyricus,  a,  um,  or  Illyrius,  a,  um. 
Illyrian,  of  or  pertaining  to  Illy- 
ria,  a  country  on  the  northeastern 
coast  of  the  Adriatic,  (245).  Subs. 
lllyricus  or  Illyrius,  i,  m.,  an  Illy- 
rian. 
Imago,  Inis,  f.     Image,  figure,  pic- 
ture. 
Imbccillus,  a,  um,  or  imbccillis,   e. 

Weak,  feeble. 
Imbuo,    ire,    imbui,   imbutum.     To 

imbue,  impress. 
I/nUat/o,  onis,  f.     Imitation. 
ImUor,  ari,  atus  sum,  dep.     To  imi- 
tate, copy,  portray,  counterfeit. 
Immaturus,  a,  um,    (in,  maturus). 

Young,  immature. 
Immemor,   dris,  (in,  mcinor).     Un- 
mindful, forgetful. 
fmmitto,  ire,  mlsi,  missum,  (in,  mit- 


to).     To  send  or  let  in ;  let  go ; 
bring  forward. 
Immortalis,  e,  (m,  mortalis).    Im- 
mortal. 
ImmortatUas,   atis,   f.   (immortalis.) 

Immortality. 
Immunitas,  Otis,  f.     Immunity,  ex- 
emption. 
Imo  or  immo,  adv.     Yes  indeed,  in- 
deed, by  all  means. 
Impatiens,  entis,  (in,  patiens).     Im- 
patient. 
Impatienier,  ius,  isslme,  adv.  (impa- 
tiens).    Impatiently. 
Impedimentum,  i,  n.  (impedio).    Im- 
pediment,    obstacle;     pi.      bag- 
gage. 
Impedio,    Ire,    ivi  or  ii,  itnm.     To 
impede,    embarrass ;  hinder,  pre- 
vent. 
Impello,  ere,  puli,  pulsum,  (in,  pel- 

lo).     To  impel,  induce. 
Impema,  ae,  f.     Expense,  cost. 
Impcralor,  oris,  m.  (impe'ro).     Com- 
mander, emperor. 
Imperltus,  a,  um,  (in,  pentus).    Un- 
skilled, ignorant. 
Imperium,  ii,   n.    (impSro).     Com- 
mand, power,  rule,  sway,  reign. 
Impiro,   are,  avi,   alum.     To  com- 
mand, rule,  govern. 
Impeiro,   arc,    avi,    dtum.     To   ac- 
complish, obtain. 
Impitus,  us,  m.     Attack,  fury. 
Impiitas,  dtis,   f.    (impius).     Want 

of  respect,  irreverence,  impiety. 
Impius,  a,  um,  (in,  pius).  Umiuti- 
ful,  irreverent,  impious,  abandon- 
ed. 
ImpOno,  ire,  posui,  positum,  (in, 
pono).  To  place  or  put  in  or  to ; 
enjoin ;  impose. 


Infans] 


LATIN-ENGLISH   VOCABULARY. 


171 


Improbo,  are,  dvi,  atum,  (in,  probo). 
To  reject. 

Imprudenter,  ius,  issime,  adv.  (im- 
prQdens,  imprudent).  Imprudently. 

Impubes,  Zris.     Youthful,  young. 

Impugno,  are,  avi,  atum,  (in,  pugno). 
To  assail,  attack. 

Impuhus,  us,  m.  (impello).  Instiga- 
tion. 

In,  prep,  with  ace.  or  abl.  Into,  to, 
for,  against,  with  ace. ;  in,  on,  with 
abl. 

Indnis,  e.  Empty,  void ;  vain,  fool- 
ish, useless. 

Incendium,  it,  n.  (incendo).  Fire, 
conflagration. 

Incendo,  ere,  cendi,  censum.  To  set 
on  fire,  inflame,  excite. 

In-cerius,  a,  um.     Uncertain. 

Incesso,  ere,  cesslvi  or  cessi.  To  at- 
tack. 

Inchoo,  are,  dvi,  atum.  To  begin, 
commence. 

Incido,  8re,  cldi,  edsum,  (in,  cado). 
To  fall  into  or  upon,  fall  in  with, 
happen. 

Incido,  ere,  cldi,  cisum,  (in,  caedo). 
To  cut,  destroy. 

Incipio,  ere,  cepi,  ceptum,  (in,  capio). 
To  begin,  undertake. 

Incitamentum,  i.  n.  (incito).  Incen- 
tive, inducement. 

Incitatus,  a,  um,  (incito).  Running ; 
equo  incitdto,  at  full  speed. 

In-cito,  are,  avi,  atum.  To  incite, 
hasten,  spur  on  ;  inspire. 

In-clino,  are,  avi,  atum.  To  incline, 
bend ;  pass,  to  sink,  go  to  ruin. 

Incola,  ae,  m.  and  f.  (incolo).  In- 
habitant. 

In-colo,  ere,  colui,  cultum.  To  dwell, 
abide  in,  inhabit. 


In-columis,  e.     Safe,  uninjured. 

In-credibilis,  e.     Incredible. 

Incrementum,  i,  n.  Growth,  in- 
crease. 

Incursio,  onis,  f.  (incurro).  Attack, 
inroad. 

Inde,  adv.  Thence,  from  that 
place. 

Indecore,  adv.     Disgracefully. 

India,  ae,  f.  India,  an  extensive 
country  of  Asia,  (242). 

In-dlco,  ere,  dixi,  dictum.  To  de- 
clare, publish,  appoint. 

Indigeo,  ere,  indigui.  To  need; 
part,  indigens,  as  adj.  or  subs,  in- 
digent,  an  indigent  person. 

Indignatio,  onis,  f.  (indignor).  Scorn, 
indignation. 

Indignor,  dri,  dtus  sum,  (indignus). 
To  disdain,  scorn ;  be  indignant. 

In-dignus,  a,um.  Unworthy,  harsh, 
indecent. 

In-domitus,  a,  um.  Unsubdued,  in- 
vincible. 

In-dubitdtus,  a,  um.  Undoubted,  cer- 
tain. 

Induciae,  or  indutiae,  drum,  f.  pi. 
Truce. 

In-duco,  ere,  duxi,  ductum.  To  in- 
duce, lead  into,  overlay,  adorn 
with,  gild. 

Indurdtus,  a,  um,  (indiiro).  Obdu- 
rate, hardened. 

In-duro,  are,  avi,  atum.    To  harden. 

Industria,  ae,  f.     Industry. 

Ineo,  Ire,  Ivi  or  ii,  Xtum.  To  enter, 
go  into ;  gratiam  inire,  to  obtain 
the  favor  of,  conciliate.     295. 

Inermis,  e,  (in,  arma).     Unarmed. 

In/amis,  e.     Infamous,  notorious- 

Infans,  antis,  adj.  Speechless, 
dumb ;  subs,  an  infant. 


172 


LATIN    READER. 


[Infkux 


In-felix,  Ich.  Unhappy,  unfortu- 
nate. 

Infcnsus,  a,  um.  Exasperated,  en- 
raged. 

Inferior,  ius.     Inferior.     1G3,  3. 

ln-fero,ferre,  tuli,  illdtum.  To  carry 
against,  wage  against.    292,  2. 

Infcsto,  are,  avi,  alum,  (infestus). 
To  infest,  trouble. 

Infestus,  a,  um.  Infested,  trouble- 
some, hostile. 

In-finltus,  a,  um.  Great,  infinite, 
boundless,  of  unlimited  power. 

In-fammo,  are,  dvi,  utum.  To  set 
on  fire,  burn,  inflame,  arouse. 

Informix,  e,  (in,  forma).  Shapeless, 
deformed. 

In-frcndo,  ere,  — ,  fressum,  fresum. 
To  gnash  with  the  teeth. 

Infringo,  ere,  fregi,  fractum,  (in, 
frango).     To  infringe,  break. 

Infula,  ae,  f.  Fillet,  head-dress, 
badge  of  office. 

In-gtmo,  Vrc,  ui.  To  groan,  la- 
ment. 

Ingenium,  ii,  n.  Character,  genius, 
intellect,  power. 

Ingens,  ends.     Great,  mighty. 

Ingratiis  or  ingrdtis,  ad^.  Against 
one's  will. 

In-grdtus,  a,  um.  Disagreeable, 
offensive,  ungrateful. 

In-grcdior,  gredi,  grrsms  sum,  dep. 
(in,  gradior).  To  enter,  encoun- 
ter. 

In-hacreo,  ere,  hacsi,  hacsum.  To 
cleave  or  stick  to,  to  stick  fast, 
adhere. 

In-hio,  are,  dvi,  Otum.  To  gape, 
stand  open  ;  desire,  long  for. 

Inhumanltas,  dtix,  f.  (inhumanus). 
Barbarity,  incivility,  Inhumanity. 


Inimlcus,  a,  um,  (in,  amicus).  Hos- 
tile ;  subs,  an  enemy. 

Iniquus,  a,  um,  (in,  aequus).  Un- 
favorable, unjust. 

Initium,  ii,  n.  (ineo).  Beginning; 
pi.  sacred  mysteries. 

Injicio,  ire,  jcci,  jeetum,  (in,  jacio). 
To  throw  in;  cause;  inspire  with. 

Injuria,  ae,  f.     Injury,  wrong. 

Injustc,  ius,  issimc,  adv.  (injustus). 
Unjustly. 

In-justus,  a,  um.  Unjust,  oppress- 
ive, severe. 

In-nocens,  cutis.     Innocent. 

In-notcsco,  tre,  notui.  To  become 
known. 

In-noxius,  a,  um.  Harmless,  inno- 
cent. 

In-numerabllis,  e.     Innumerable. 

In-opindtus,  a,  um.  Sudden,  unex- 
pected. 

Inquam,  defective.  To  say.  See 
297,  II.  2. 

Insania,  ae,  f.     Insanity,  folly. 

Inscitia,  ae,  f.     Ignorance. 

In-scquor,  stqui,  sccutw  sum.  To  fol- 
low, pursue. 

Insidiae,  drum,  f,  pi.  Ambush, 
treachery,  plot. 

Insigne,  is,  n.  Mark,  sign ;  pL 
badges  of  office,  insignia. 

Insignis,  e.     Distinguished,  noted. 

In-simulo,  arc,  avi,  utum.  To  blame, 
accuse,  charge. 

In-sisto,  ire,  st<!i,  sftfum.  To  per 
sist ;  urge;  entre;it. 

Insolens,  cutis.     Unusual,  insolent. 

Insolcnter,  ius,  isstme,  adv.  (inso- 
lens).    Insolently. 

Ititpccto,  are,  dvi,  utum.  To  look 
at,  to  look  on. 

Insji'i,,  um,  (in,  spe 


Inutius] 


LATIN-ENGLISH    VOCABULARY, 


173 


cio).  To  consider,  inspect,  look 
on. 

Instauro,  are,  avi,  atum.   To  renew. 

Instituo,  ere,  stitui,  stitutum,  (in,  sta- 
tuo).     To  institute,  establish. 

Institution,  i,  n.  (instituo).  Habit, 
manner,  custom,  institution. 

Jn-sto,  stare,  stiti,  statum.  To  stand 
in  or  upon  a  thing,  be  near  to ;  to 
urge,  insist,  beg  earnestly. 

Instrumentum,  i,  n.  (instruo).  Im- 
plements, movables,  goods. 

In-siruo,  ere,  struxi,  structum.  To 
prepare,  build,  furnish  with, 
equip. 

Insula,  ae,  f.     Island. 

In-super.     Moreover. 

In-tactus,  a,  um.    Unharmed. 

Integer,  gra,  grum.  Whole,  entire, 
unhurt ;  just,  impartial,  neutral. 

IntcgrXtas,  atis,  f.  (integer).  Inte- 
grity, probity,  honesty. 

Intelligentia,  ae,  f.  (intelligo).  Intel- 
ligence, discernment,  understand- 
ing. 

Intelligo,  ere,  lexi,  ledum.  To  un- 
derstand, perceive,  know. 

Inter,  prep,  with  ace.  Between, 
among,  in  the  midst  of. 

Intercipio,  ere,  cepi,  ceptum,  (inter, 
capio).  To  catch ;  intercept,  take 
from. 

Intercludo,  ere,  cliisi,  clicsum,  (inter, 
claudo).     To  prevent,  cut  off. 

Inter-dum,  adv.     Sometimes. 

Inter-ea,  adv.     In  the  mean  time. 

Inter-eo,  Ire,  Ivi  or  ii,  itum.  To 
perish.     295. 

Inter-est,  impers.  It  concerns,  it  is 
important. 

Interfector,  dris,  m.  (interficio). 
Murderer. 


Interficio,  £re,  feci,  fectum,  (inter, 
facio).     To  kill,  slay. 

Interim,  adv.  In  the  mean  time, 
meanwhile. 

Interimo,  £re,  emi,  emptum,  (inter, 
emo).     To  deprive  of,  to  kill. 

Interior,  ius.     Interior,  inland.  166. 

Interitus,  us,  m.  (intereo).  Destruc- 
tion. 

InterjiciO)  ere,  jeci,  jectum,  (inter, 
jacio).  To  place  between;  anno 
inter jedo,  at  the  expiration  of  a 
year. 

Internecio,  onis,  f.     Slaughter. 

Inter-nuncius  or  internuniius,  ii,  m. 
Messenger. 

Interregnum^  i,  n.  An  interreign, 
interregnum. 

In-territus,  a,  um.  Fearless,  undis- 
mayed. 

Inter-rogo,  are,  avi,  atum.  To  ask, 
question. 

Inler-rumpo,  ere,  rupi,  rvptum.  To 
break  down,  interrupt. 

lnter-sero,  ere,serui,  sertum.  To  al- 
lege, interpose. 

Inter-sum,  esse,fui.  To  be  present 
at,  take  part  in. 

Inter-venio,  ire,  veni,  ventum.  To 
intervene,  occur. 

Intestinus,  a,  um.     Intestine,  civil. 

Intra,  adv.,  and  prep,  with  aec. 
Within. 

Intro,  are,  avi,  atum.     To  enter. 

Intro-co,  Ire,  Ivi  or  ii,  Itum.  To  en- 
ter.    295. 

In-tueor,  tueri,  tuitus  sum.  To  look 
at,  observe. 

Intus,  adv.     Within. 

In-usitdtus,  a,  um.  Unusual,  extra- 
ordinary. 

In-utUis,  e.     Useleaa. 


174 


LATIN    READER. 


[Invado 


In-vddo,  ire,  vasi,  vdsum.  To  in- 
vade, seize. 

In-venio,  Ire,  vcni,  ventum.  To  find, 
invent,  devise,  meet  with. 

Inventrix,  lew,  f.  (inventor).  In- 
ventress. 

In-vlcem,  adv.  By  turns,  one  an- 
other. 

In-victus,  a,  um.  Unconquered,  in- 
vincible. 

In-video,  ere,  vldi,  visum.     To  envy. 

Invidia,  ae,  f.     Envy,  hatred. 

Invlsus,  a,  um.     Odious,  hateful. 

Invito,  are,  avi,  atum.  To  invite, 
allure. 

Invltus,  a,  um.     Unwilling. 

Ionia,  ae,  f.  Ionia,  a  country  in  the 
western  part  of  Asia  Minor,  (224). 

Iunes,  um,  m.  pi.     The  Ionians. 

Iphicrates,  is,  m.  Iphicrates,  a  cele- 
brated Athenian  general.  He  rose 
from  an  humble  station  to  the 
highest  offices  of  state,  (49). 

Ipse,  a,  um.  Self,  himself,  herself, 
itself. 

Ira,  ae,  f.     Anger. 

Irascor,  irasci,  iratus  sum,  dep.  To 
be  angry,  be  in  a  rage. 

Iratus,  a,  um,  (irascor).  Enraged, 
angry,  angered. 

Irreparabilis,  e.     Irrecoverable. 

Irridco,  ere,  rlsi,  r'isum,  (in,  rideo). 
To  ridicule,  laugh  at,  laugh. 

Irr'ito,  are,  dvi,  dtum.  To  provoke, 
irritate,  incite. 

In-umpo,  ere,  ritpi,  ruptum,  (in, 
rumpo).  To  rush  into,  make  an 
incursion  into. 

Is,  ea,  id.     He,  she,  it,  that,  such. 

boorUUi,  is,  m.  Isocrates,  a  famous 
orator  and  teacher  of  rhetoric  at 
Athens,  (45). 


Iste,  a,  ud.  That,  such;  sometime* 
used  in  contempt. 

Ister,  tri,  m.  The  river  Danube. 
This  name  is  applied  to  the  lower 
part  of  the  river,  the  upper 
part  taking  the  name  Danubius, 
(215). 

Ita,  adv.  Thus,  so ;  to  such  an  ex- 
tent. 

Italia,  ae,  f.     Italy,  (180). 

Italicus  or  Ildlus,  a,  um.  Italian ; 
subs.  Jlalus,  i,  m.,  an  Italian, 
(148). 

Ita-que,  adv.  Therefore,  and  thus, 
accordingly. 

Iter,  itineris,  n.  Way,  march,  route, 
road. 

ItSrum,  adv.     Again,  a  second  time. 


Jacco,  Zre,  ui,  xtum.     To  he. 

Jacio,  ere,  jcci,  jacium.     To  throw, 

hurl ;  also,  to  lay,  place,  erect 
Jaculum,  i,  n.  (jacio).     Dart,  javelin. 
Jam,  adv.     Now,  already. 
Janiculum,  i,  n.     Janiculum,  a  hill 

on  the  west  side  of  the  Tiber,  not 

one  of  the  seven  hills  of  Rome, 

though  included  within  the  wall 

built  by  Aurclian    in  the  third 

century,  (148). 
Jocus,  i,  m.,  also  in  the  \A.joca,jo- 

corum.    Joke,  jest.     141. 
Jubeo,  Ire,  jussi,  jussum.     To  order, 

direct. 
Jueundus,  a,  um.  Fleasing,  pleasant, 

delightful. 
Judaea,  ae,  f.     Judca,  (206). 
Judaeus,  a,  um.     Jewish  ;  su! 

daeus,  i,  m.,  a  Jew,  (S06). 
Judex,  tcis,  m.  and  f.  ( judlco).  Judge, 

arbiter. 


Lassitudoj 


LATIN-ENGLISH    VOCABULARY. 


175 


Judicium,  ii,  n.  (judex).   Judgment, 

decision,  trial. 
Judico,  are,  dvi,  alum.     To  judge. 
Jugum,  i,  n.     Yoke. 
Julius,  ii,  m.     See  Caesar. 
Jungo,  ere,  junxi,  junctum.    To  join, 

unite ;  societdiem  jungere,  to  form 

a  partnership. 
Junior,  ius,   (juvenis).      Younger. 

168,  3. 
Junius,  ii,  m.       Junius,  a  Roman 

name ;    as   Caius  Junius,   consul 

and  dictator,  (20,  7).    See  Bruius. 
Jupiter,  Jovis,  m.     Jupiter,  king  of 

the  gods.     66,  3. 
Juro,  are,  dvi,  alum.     To  take  oath, 

swear. 
Jus,  juris,  n.     Right,  justice,  autho- 
rity,  control ;  jure,  with  or  by 

right,  justly,  properly. 
Justitia,  ae,  f.  (Justus).     Justice. 
Justus,  a,  um,  (jus).     Just. 
Juvenca,  ae,  f.     Heifer,  cow. 
Juvencus,  i,  m.    A  young  bullock. 
Juvenis,  e.    Young  ;  subs,  a  youth. 

168,  4. 
Juventus,  utis,  f.  (juvenis).     Youth ; 

the  period  of  youth. 
Juvo,  are,  juvi,  jutum.    To  help,  aid, 

assist,  support. 


L.     An  abbreviation  of  Lucius. 
Labienus,  i,  m.     Labienus,  a  Roman 

name.     Titus  Labienus,  the  legate 

of  Caesar  in  Gaul,  (56,  14). 
Labor,  oris,  m.  Labor,  work. 
Laboro,  are,  dvi,  alum,  (labor).     To 

labor,   strive,   take  pains  ;    toil ; 

suffer. 
Lac,  lactis,  n.     Milk. 
Jjxcedaemon,  onis,  f.     The  city  of 


Lacedaemon  or  Sparta,  the  capital 
of  Laconia,  (94). 

Lacedaemonius,  a,  um.  Lacedaemo- 
nian or  Spartan;  subs.  Lacedae- 
monius, ii,  m.,  a  Lacedaemonian 
or  Spartan,  (123). 

Lacesso,  ere,  Ivi  or  ii,  Itum.  To  ex- 
cite,  assail,  provoke. 

Laconia  or  Laconica,  ae,  f.  Laco- 
nia, a  country  of  the  Peloponnesus, 
(222). 

Laco  or  Lacon,  onis,  m.   A  Laconian. 

Lacrima  or  lacryma,  ae,  f.     Tear. 

Lacrimo  or  lacrymo,  are,  dvi,  dtum, 
(lacrima).     To  weep,  shed  tears. 

Lacus,  us,  m.     Lake.     117. 

Laelius,  ii,  m,  Laelius,  a  Roman 
name.  Caius  Laelius,  a  celebrated 
Roman  consul  and  augur,  sur- 
named  the  Wise.  He  was  the  in- 
timate friend  of  Scipio  Africanus 
the  Younger,  (65). 

Laetitia,  ae,  f.  (laetus).  Joy,  glad- 
ness. 

Laetus,  a,  um.   Glad,  joyous,  pleased. 

Laevinus,  i,  m.  Laevinus,  a  Roman 
name.  Publius  Valerius  Laevlnus, 
a  Roman  consul,  (180).  Marcus 
Valerius  Laevinus,  also  a  Roman 
consul  and  a  distinguished  com- 
mander, (193). 

Laevus,  a,  um.  Left,  on  the  left 
hand. 

Lamdchus,  i,  m.  L&machus,  an 
Athenian  general  in  the  Sicilian 
expedition,  (223). 

Lamia,  ae,  m.  Lamia,  a  Roman 
surname,  (71). 

Lanio,  are,  dvi,  dtum.  To  tear  in 
pieces. 

Lassitudo,  mis,  f.  Fatigue,  weari- 
ness, 


176 


LATIN   READER. 


[Latebra 


Lafibra,  ae,  f.  Retreat,  hiding-place, 
pretence. 

Latine}  adv.  (Latlnus).     In  Latin. 

Latinus,  i,  m.  Latinus,  an  ancient 
king  of  the  Laurentians  in  Italy, 
(149). 

Latium,  i\  n.  Latium,  a  country  of 
Italy  containing  Rome,  (167). 

Latlnus,  a,  um,  adj.  Latin;  subs. 
Latlnus,  i,  m.,  an  inhabitant  of 
Latium,  a  Latin ;  pi.  the  Latins, 
(161).    ' 

Latro,  Onis,  m.     Robber. 

Latus,  a,  um.     Broad,  wide. 

Latus,  eris,  n.     Side. 

Laudabilis,  e,  (laudo).  Praiseworthy, 
laudable. 

Laudo,  are,  avi,  alum,  (laus).  To 
praise. 

Laurentia,  ae,  f.     See  Acca. 

Laus,  laudis,  f.     Praise. 

Lavinia,  ae,  f.  Lavinia,  daughter  of 
Latinus  and  wife  of  Aeneas,  (149). 

Lavinium,  ii,  n.  Lavinium,  a  town 
in  Latium,  a  few  miles  south  of 
Rome,  founded  by  Aeneas,  and 
named  by  him  after  his  wife  Lavi- 
nia, (149). 

Laxo,  are,  Ctvi,  ahem.  To  relax, 
loosen. 

Lcctito,  are,  avi,  atum,  (lego).  To 
read  often,  with  eagerness,  to  read. 
332, 1.  3. 

Lcctus,  a,  um,  (lego).  Choice,  ex- 
cellent. 

fegatio,  Onis,  f.     Legation,  embassy. 

Txgatus,  i,  m.  Ambassador,  lieuten- 
ant, messenger. 

Legio,  Onis,  f.  Legion,  a  body  of 
soldiers. 

Lego,  are,  avi,  atumy  (lex).  To  be- 
queathe aa  a  legacy. 


]  I-cgo,  i-re,  legi,  ledum.  To  choose, 
elect;  read. 

Lentulus,  i,  m.  Lentulus,  a  surname 
of  a  distinguished  Roman  family. 
Publius  Cornelius  Lentulus,  a  con- 
spirator with  Catiline,  (97,  15). 

Leo,  Onis,  m.     Lion. 

Leonidas,  ae,  m.  Leonidas,  a  Spar- 
tan king  who  fell  at  Thermopylae, 
(124). 

Lepidus,  i,  m.  Lepidus,  one  of  the 
triumvirs  with  Octavianus  and 
Antony,  (83,  212). 

Lesbos  or  Lesbus,  i,  f.  Lesbos,  a 
celebrated  island  in  the  Aegean 
Sea,  (49,  12). 

Letalis,  e,  (letum).     Deadly,  mortal 

Letum,  i,  n.     Death. 

Leuctra,  Orum,  n.  pi.  Lcnctra,  a 
small  town  in  Boeotia,  celebrated 
for  the  victory  of  Epaminondas 
over  the  Lacedaemonians,  (229). 

Leuctricus,  a,  um.  Of  or  belonging 
to  Leuctra ;  Leuctrian,  (230). 

Levis,  e.     Light,  easy. 

Levtter,  ius,  issfme,  adv.  (levis). 
Lightly,  slightly. 

Lex,  legis,  f.     Law,  condition,  terms. 

Liber,  bri,  m.     Book. 

Liber,  era,  erum.     Free. 

Libcri,  Orum,  m.  pi.     Children. 

Libiro,  are,  avi,  atum,  (liber).  To 
liberate,  free. 

Libertas,  atis,  f.  (liber).  Liberty, 
freedom. 

Licet,  iinpcrs.  It  is  lawful,  is  per- 
mitted. 

Licet,  conj.     Although,  though. 

Licinius,  ii,  m.  Liciniu?,  a  Koman 
name.  Publius  Licinius,  a  Koman 
consul  and  commander  in  the  war 
with  Perseus,  (198).    Marcus  Li- 


Magnifice] 


LATIN-ENGLISH   VOCABULARY. 


177 


ciniiis  Crassus,  proconsul  in  the 
war  of  the  gladiators,  (204). 

Ligneus,  a,  um.     Wooden,  of  wood. 

Ligures,  um,  m.  pi.  The  Ligurians, 
inhabitants  of  Liguria  in  the  west- 
ern part  of  Italy,  (190). 

Lilybaeum,  i,  n.  Lilybaeum,  a  pro- 
montory on  the  southwestern  coast 
of  Sicily,  (188). 

Lis,  litis,  f.     Strife,  quarrel,  lawsuit. 

Litterae,  arum,  f.  pi.  Letter,  letters  ; 

,  literature.     132. 

Litus,  oris,  n.     Shore,  sea-shore. 

Locupleto,  are,  uvi,  ilium.  To  en- 
rich, make  rich. 

Locus,  i,  m.,  pi.  loci  or  loca,  n.  Place. 
141. 

Longe,  ius,  issime,  adv.  (longus). 
Much,  greatly,  by  far. 

Longinquus,  a,  um.  Remote,  dis- 
tant, long. 

Longitudo,  inis,  f.  (longus).  Length. 

Longus,  a,  um.     Long. 

Loquor,  loqui,  locutus  sum.  To 
speak,  converse. 

Lorica,  ae,  f.     Coat-of-mail. 

Lucius,  ii,  m.  Lucius,  a  name  com- 
mon among  the  Romans  ;  as,  Lu- 
cius Tarquinius  Priscus,  (162). 

Lucretius,  ii,  m.  Lucretius,  a  Ro- 
man name.  Spurius  Lucretius, 
the  colleague  of  Publicola  in  the 
consulship,  (170). 

Lucrum,  i,  n.  Gain,  profit,  advan- 
tage. 

Lucus,  i,  m.     Grove. 

Ludus,  i,  m.  Game,  play,  sport, 
school. 

Lugeo,  ere,  luzi.  To  grieve,  mourn, 
weep  for. 

Lumen,  mis,  n.     A  light ;  the  eye. 

Lima,  ae,  f.     Moon. 


Luo,  ere,  lui,  luiium  or  lutum.  To 
pay ;  expiate,  atone  for. 

Lupa,  ae,  f.     A  she-wolf. 

Lupus,  i,  m.    A  wolf. 

Luslratio,  onis,  f.  (lustro).  Expi- 
atory sacrifice ;  review  attended 
with  sacrifices. 

Lustro,  are,  dvi,  atum.  To  purify, 
review. 

Lusus,  us,  m.  riay,  game;  jest, 
sport,  fun. 

Lutalius,  ii,  m.     See  Catulus. 

Lux,  lucis,  f.     Light,  light  of  day. 

Luxuria,  ae,  f.     Luxury,  excess. 

Lycurgus,  i,  m.  Lycurgus,  the  cele- 
brated law-giver  of  Sparta,  (95). 

Lydia,  ae,  f.  Lydia,  a  country  in 
Asia  Minor,  (225). 

Lydus,  a,  um.  Lydian,  pertaining 
to  Lydia  ;  subs,  a  Lydian,  (33). 

Lysander,  dri,  m.  Lysander,  a  ce- 
lebrated Spartan  general,  (225). 


M.    An  abbreviation  of  Marcus. 

Macedonia,  ae,  f.  Macedonia,  Ma- 
cedon,  a  country  north  of  Thes- 
saly,  (193). 

Macedo,  onis,  m.  A  Macedonian, 
(230). 

Macedonicus,  a,  um,  adj.  Macedo- 
nian, (197). 

Magis,  comp.  adv.  More.  See  tho 
superlative,  maxime. 

Magister,  iri,  m.  Master,  leader, 
teacher. 

Magistra,  ae,  f.  Instructress,  teacher. 

Magislratus,  us,  m.  Magistracy, 
magistrate. 

Magnifice,  centius,  centissime,  adv. 
(magnif  icus).  Magnificently,  splen- 
didly.   305. 


178 


LATIN   EEADEE. 


[Magnificent** 


MagwjiccntcY,  'its,  isstme,  adv.= 
magniftce. 

Magnificeniia,  ae,  f.  (magnificus). 
Magnificence,  costliness. 

Magnificus,  a,  um  ;  comp.  magnrfi- 
centior,  superl.  magnificentissxmus. 
Splendid;  stately;  high-minded, 
magnificent.     164. 

Magnitudo,  mis,  f.  (magnus).  Great- 
ness, size. 

Magnopere,  adv.  (magnus,  opus). 
Greatly*  earnestly. 

Magnus,  a,  um ;  comp.  major,  su- 
perl. maximus.  Great,  large ; 
in  comp.  and  superl.  sometimes 
older,  oldest,  elder,  eldest:  ma- 
jores,  forefathers,  ancestors  ;  ma- 
jor'cs  natu,  elders.     165. 

Magus,  i,  m.  Generally  plur.  Magi, 
arum.  A  wise  man,  particularly 
among  the  Persians. 

Majestas,  dtis,  f.     Majesty,  dignity. 

Major.     See  magnus. 

Male,  comp.  pejus,  superl.  pcsstme, 
adv.  (malus).  Badly,  with  ill 
success.     305. 

Malc-dlco,  ere,  dizi,  dictum.  To  speak 
evil  of,  revile,  abuse,  rail  at. 

Maleficus,  a,  um,  (male,  facio.) 
Evil-doing,  vicious,  wicked,  hurt- 
ful.     164. 

Malo,  malle,  malui,  irregular.  To 
prefer.     293. 

Malum,  i,  n.     Misfortune,  evil. 

Malus,  a,  um;  comp.  pejor,  superl. 
pesstmus.  Bad,  poor,  wicked. 
165. 

ilancinus,  i,  m.  Mancinus,  a  Ro- 
man oonsul  in  the  war  with  the 
Numantians,  (201). 

tfando,  are,  avi,  cltum.  To  bid,  en- 
join, intrust. 


Maneo,  ere,  mansi,  mansum.  To 
remain. 

Manifesto,  are,  dvi,  atum.  To  show, 
manifest. 

Manius,  ii,  m.  Manius,  a  Roman 
name ;  as,  Manius  Manlius. 

Manlius,  ii,  in.  Manlius,  a  Roman 
name.  Manius  Manlius,  a  Roman 
consul  in  the  third  Punic  war, 
(199).  Titus  Manlius,  a  Roman 
youth,  surnamed  Torquutus  for 
his  achievements  in  the  Gallic 
war,  (111). 

Mantinea,  ae,  f.  A  city  of  Arcadia, 
in  the  Peloponnesus,  (142). 

Manumitto,  ere,  mlsi,  missum,  (ma- 
nus,  mitto).  To  release  from  one's 
power,  emancipate,  make  free. 

Manus,  us,  f.     Hand  ;  force. 

Marathon,  vnis,  m.  Marathon,  a 
town  and  plain  in  Attica,  cele- 
brated for  the  victory  of  Miltiades 
over  the  Persians,  (216). 

Marathonius,  a,  um.  Marathonian  ; 
of  or  belonging  to  Marathon,  (97). 

Marcius,  ii,  m.  Marcius,  a  Roman 
name.      See  Ancus,    Censor inus. 

Marcellus,  i,  m.   Roman  gen'l,  (193). 

Marcus,  i,  m.  Marcus,  a  Roman 
name,  (186). 

Mardonius,  ii,  m.  Mardonius,  a  Pop 
sian  general,  defeated  by  Pausa- 
nias  in  the  battle  of  Plataca,  (--\). 

Mare,  is,  n.     Sea. 

Marinus,  a,  um,  (mare).  Marine, 
of  the  sea,  from  or  by  the  sea. 

Marius,  ii,  m.  Marius,  a  Roman 
name.  Caius  Marius,  a  distin- 
guished Roman  general,  the  con- 
queror of  Jugurtha,  and  leader  in 
the  civil  war  against  Sulla.  He 
was  consul  seven  times,  (202). 


Me  us] 


LATIN-ENGLISH   VOCABULARY. 


179 


Mars,  Martis,  m.  Mars,  the  god  of 
war;  sometimes  put  for  war  it- 
self, (152,  226). 

Massa,  ae,  f.     Mass,  lump. 

Mater,  iris,  f.     Mother. 

Materia,  ae,  f.,  or  materlcs,  ii,  f. 
Material. 

Matricidium,  ii,  n.     Matricide. 

Matrimonium,  ii,  n.     Marriage. 

Matrona,  ae,  f.     Matron. 

MaxXme,  adv.  Especially,  in  the 
highest  degree.     See  magis. 

Maximus,  a,  urn ;  superlative  of 
magnus.    Greatest. 

Maximus,  i,  m.  Maximus,  a  Roman 
surname ;  as,  Quintus  Fabius  Max- 
imus, the  famous  dictator  in  the 
second  Punic  war,  (175). 

MedXcus,  i,  m.     Physician. 

Mediw,  a,  urn.  Middle,  midst  of, 
middle  of.    441,  6. 

Medina,  ii,  m.  Medius,  a  Thessalian, 
friend  of  Alexander  the  Great, 
(243). 

Mcdw,  a,  urn.  Median,  Assyrian,(53). 

Mehercule,  adv.  By  Hercule3,  truly, 
indeed. 

Mel,  mcllis,  n.     Honey. 

Melior,  ius.    Better.     See  bonus. 

Membrum,  i,  n.     Member,  limb. 

Merriini,  isii,  defect.  To  remember. 
297. 

Memor,  oris.  Mindful,  endowed 
with  memory,  remembering  read- 
ily, remembering. 

Memorabilis,  e.     Memorable. 

Memoria,  ae,  f.  Memory,  recol- 
lection. 

Memphis,  is,  f.  Memphis,  a  city  of 
Egypt,  (239). 

Menander,   dri,   m.      Menander,    a 
Roman  name,  (67). 
I 


Mcndacium,  ii,  n.  Untruth,  false- 
hood, lie. 

Menenius,  ii,  m.     See  Agrippa. 

Mens,  mentis,  f.     Mind,  reason. 

Mensis,  is,  m.     Month. 

Meniio,  onis,  f.     Mention. 

Mentior,  %ri,  Itus  sum,  dep.  To  speak 
falsely,  lie,  cheat,  deceive. 

Merces,  edis,  f.  (mereo).  Reward, 
price,  wages. 

Mercor,  ari,  dins  sum,  dep.  To 
trade,  buy,  purchase. 

Mercurius,  ii,  m.  Mercury,  the  son 
of  Jupiter  and  Maia,  the  god  of 
eloquence,  and  the  messenger  of 
the  gods,  (19). 

Mereo,  ere,  ui,  ilum.  To  deserve, 
merit. 

Mereor,  eri,  itus  sum,  dep.  To  de- 
serve, earn,  merit. 

Mergo,  ere,  mersi,  mersum.  To 
merge,  sink ;  destroy. 

Merito,  adv.  (meritum).  With 
good  reason,  with  reason,  deserv- 
edly. 

Meritum,  i,  n.     Reward,  merit. 

Merum,  i,  n.     Wine,  pure  wine. 

Mesopotamia,  ae,  f.  Mesopotamia,  a 
country  of  Asia,  between  the  Eu- 
phrates and  Tigris,  (24,  10). 

Metallum,  i,  n.     Metal,  mine. 

Metellus,  i,  m.  Metellus,  a  Roman 
name  ;  as,  Metellus  Phis,  (138). 

Metior,  Iri,  mensus  sum,  dep.  To 
measure,  estimate. 

Metius,  ii,  m.     See  Suffetius. 

Meto,  ere,  messui,  messum.  To  reap, 
mow. 

Metuo,  ere,  ui.    To  fear. 

Metus,  us,  m.     Fear,  dread. 

Meus,  a,  um,  voc.  sing.  masc.  mi. 
My,  mine.     185. 


180 


LATIN   READEPw. 


[MlGUB 


Migro,  ere,  dvi,  dtvm.  To  migrate, 
remove. 

Miles,  Xtis,  m.     Soldier. 

Militdris,  e,  (miles).     Military. 

Militia,  ae,  f.  (miles).  Warfare,  mi- 
litary service,  military  affairs. 

Millto,  are,  dvi,  dtum,  (miles).  To 
serve  as  a  soldier,  to  serve. 

Mille,  subs,  and  adj.  Thousand ; 
millia,  subs.,  a  thousand,  a  thou- 
sand men. 

Milliarium,  ii,  n.  Milestone, 
mile. 

Milti&dcs,  is,  m.  Miltiades,  a  cele- 
brated Athenian  general,  con- 
queror at  Marathon,  (39,  IV.) 

Minerva,  ae,  f.  Goddess  of  wisdom, 
(22). 

Mimme,  adv.     Least.     See  parum. 

Minimus,  a,  um,  (parvus).  Smallest, 
least. 

Minitor,  dri,  dtus  sum,  dep.  To 
threaten,  menace. 

Minor,  oris.     See  Armenia. 

Minor,  us,  (parvus).    Smaller,  less. 

Minuo,  <fre,  ui,  utum.  To  lessen, 
diminish. 

Minus,  adv.     Less.     See  parum. 

Mirabilis,  e,  (miror).     Wonderful. 

Mirificus,  a,  um,  (minis,  facio). 
Causing  wonder,  wonderful,  mar- 
vellous. 

Miror,  dri,  dlus  sum,  dep.  To  won- 
der, admire. 

Mirus,  a,  um.  Wonderful,  sur- 
prising. 

Miser,  era,  erum.  Unfortunate,  un- 
happy, worthless,  miserable,  sad. 

Miserco,  ere,  ui,  Hum.  To  pity ;  of- 
ten itnjtcrsonal ;  misirct  me,  I ptly. 

J/V.y,  vnti\  i  ri,  miser/us  or  mimril.is 
firm,  dep.    To  pity. 


Miseria,  ae,  f.  (miser).  Misery, 
affliction. 

Misericordia,  ae,  f.     Compassion. 

Milhriddtes,  is,  m.  Mithri  dates,  a 
celebrated  king  of  Pontus,  (202). 

MithridaCicus,  a,  um.  Mithridatic  ; 
of  or  belonging  to  Mithridates, 
(202). 

Mitis,  e.     Mild,  gentle,  placid. 

Mitto,  ire,  misi,  missum.    To  send 

Moderate,  ius,  issime,  adv.  (modera- 
tus).     With  moderation. 

Moderaiio,  onis,  f.  Moderation,  self- 
control. 

Moderdtus,  a,  um.  Discreet,  mod- 
erate. 

Modius  (or  um,  n.),  ii,  m.  Measure, 
a  Hide  more  tJian  a  peck. 

Modo,  adv.  Now,  only,  but,  pro 
vided  that ;  modo — modo,  some- 
times— sometimes. 

Modus,  i,  m.  Manner,  measure, 
limits. 

Moenia,  ium,  n.  pi.  Walls  of  a  city, 
city. 

Moles,  is,  f.     Mole,  dam. 

Molcstus,  a,  um.  Unwelcome,  irk 
some,  oppressive,  troublesome, 
painful. 

Molitio,  onis,  f.  Undertaking,  pre- 
paration. 

Mollio,  Ire,  Ivi  or  ii,  itum.  Tc 
soften. 

Momentum,  i,  n.  Weight,  influ 
ence. 

Moneo,  ere,  ui,  itum.  To  tdvisc 
warn,  admonish. 

Monllus,  us,  m.  (moneo).     Advice. 

3fons,  montis,  m.     Mountain,  mounu 

Monslro,  arc,  dvi,  dlum.    To  show. 

Mora,  ae,  f.     Delay. 

Morbus,  i.  m.     Diseaso- 


Natu] 


LATIN-ENGLISH   VOCABULARY. 


181 


Morior,  iri  or  i,  mortuus  sum,  dep. 
To  die.     283. 

Moror,  dri,  dtus  sum,  dep.  (mora). 
To  delay,  tarry. 

Mors,  mortis,  f.     Death. 

Mbrsus,  us,  m.     Bite. 

Mortdlis,  e.     Mortal,   deadly  ;  subs. 

'    mortal,  man. 

Morlifer,  $ra,  erum,  (mors  and  fero). 
Deadly,  mortal. 

Mos,  moris,  m.  Custom,  manner; 
pi  character,  morals. 

Motus,  us,  m.  Motion ;  commotion, 
revolt. 

Moveo,  ere,  movi,  motum.  To  move, 
excite. 

Mox,  adv.     Presently,  soon. 

Mucius,  ii,  m.  Mucius,  a  Roman 
name.  Mucius  Scaevola,  a  Roman 
youth  who  attempted  to  assassi- 
nate Porsena,  (172). 

Mucro,  onis,  m.  Point  of  sword, 
sword. 

Mulitbris,  e,  (mulier).  Belonging  to 
women,  womanly,  woman's. 

Mulier,  eris,  f.     Woman. 

Multitudo,  vnis,  f.  (multus).  Mul- 
titude. 

Mullo,  are,  dvi,  dtum.  To  punish, 
deprive  of  by  way  of  punishment ; 
to  fine. 

Mullo,  adv.  (multus).     By  far,  much. 

Mulius,  a,  um  ;  comp.  plus,  n.,  su- 
perl.  plurxmus.  Much,  many. 
165. 

Mundus,  i,  m.     World,  universe. 

Munia,  ium,  n.  pi.  Duties,  func- 
tions of  office. 

Munificentia,  ae,  f.  Munificence,  be- 
neficence. 

Munimenhim,  i,  n.  Fortification, 
defence,  covering. 


Munio,  ire,  Ivi  or  ii,  Hum.  To  for- 
tify, defrnd. 

Munitio,  onis,  f.  Fortification, 
rampart. 

Munltus,  a,  um,  part,  (munio). 
Fortified. 

Munus,  eris,  n.  Reward,  present: 
service,  office. 

Munychia,  ae,  f.  The  Athenian 
harbor  Munychia  and  the  hill 
which  rises  above  it,  (228). 

Murus,  i,  m.     Wall. 

Mus,  muris,  m.     Mouse. 

Mutatio,  onis,  f.  (muto).     Change. 

Muto,  are,  dvi,  dium.  To  change, 
alter. 

Muluus,  a,  um.     Mutual. 

Mycdle,.es,  f.  Mycale,  a  high  pro- 
montory or  mountain  of  Ionia,  in 
Asia  Minor,  (221). 

Myndii,  drum,  m.  pi.  Myndians,  in- 
habitants of  Myndus,  (135). 

Myndus  or  os,  i,  f.  Myndus,  a  city 
of  Caria,  in  Asia  Minor,  now  Men* 
des,  (135). 

N 
Nam,  conj.     For. 
Nam-que,  conj.     For,  but. 
Nanciscor,  nancisci,  naclus  sum,  d»;p. 

To  obtain,  take  advantage  of. 
Narro,  are,  dvi,  dtum.     To  relate^ 

narrate. 
Nascor,  nasci,  natus  sum,  dep.      Tc 

be  born,  be  produced,  to  arise. 
Natdlis,  e,  (nascor).     Of  or  belong- 
ing to  one's  birth,  natal;  natdlis 

dies,  birth-day. 
Natio,  onis,  f.     Nation,  peonlfi- 
Natu,  defective,  abl.  sing,  (naseor). 

By  birth,  in  age :  maximus  natu, 

eldest.    131. 


182 


LATIN   READER. 


[Natuiu 


Natura.  ae,  f.    Nature,  creation. 

Natus,  a,  um,  part,  (nascor).  Born, 
having  been  born. 

Naturdlis,  e,  (natura).     KTutnral, 

Naufragium,  ii,  n.  (navis,  franco). 
Shipwreck. 

Nautius,  ii,  m.  Nautius,  a  Roman 
name ;  as,  Caias  Nautius,  the  con- 
sul, (19,  11). 

Navalis,  e,  (navis).     Naval. 

Navigatio,  onis,  f.  Navigation,  sail- 
ing. 

Navlgo,  are,  dvi,  alum.  To  sail, 
sail  upon,  navigate. 

Navis,  is,  f.     Ship. 

Ne,  adv.,  and  conj.  used  with  im- 
perative and  subj.  Not,  that  not, 
lest ;  after  verbs  of  fearing,  that, 
lest;  nequldem,  or  ne — quidem, 
not  even. 

Ne,  interrog.  particle.     346,  II.  1. 

Nee  or  neque,  adv.  and  conj.  Nei- 
ther, nor;  and  not,  not;  nee — 
nee,  neque — neque,  neither — nor. 

Nccessarius,  a,  um.    Necessary. 

Necesse,  adj.  neut.  used  chiefly  in  this 
form.    Necessary,  inevitable. 

Neco,  are,  avi,  atum.     To  slay,  kill. 

Negllgens,  entis,  (negllgo).  Negli- 
gent, neglectful. 

Negllgo,  $re,  lexi,  ledum.  To  neg 
lect,  disregard. 

Nego,  are,  dvi,  dtum.  To  deny,  re- 
fuse. 

Ncgotium,  ii,  n.  Business,  diffi- 
culty ;  undertaking,  work,  enter- 
prise. 

Nemo,  (inis,  gen.  not  in  good  use). 
No  one,  nobody. 

Ncpos,  otis,  m.    Grandson. 

nis,  i,  m.    Neptune,  the  god 
of  the  sea,  (l.V»). 


Neque.     See  Nee. 

NequeOf  Ire,  Ivi,  or  ii,  Hum,  irreg. 

like  eo.     To  be  unable,  not  to  be 

able.     296. 
Nequldem.     See  Ne. 
Nequis  or  ne  quis,  qua,  quod,  oi 

quid.     That  no  one. 
Nervii,  drum,  m.  Nervians,  a  peoplo 

ofBelgicGaul,  (28). 
Nescio,   Ire,   Ivi   or  ii,   Hum,    (ne, 

scio).     To    be    ignorant,   not    to 

know. 
Nescius,  a,  um,  (nescio).     Ignorant, 

unknown. 
Nicias,  ae,  m.    Nicias,  an  Athenian 

statesman  and  general,  (223). 
Nicomedes,  is,  m.    Nicomedes,  king 

of  Bithynia,  (43). 
Niger,    gra,    grum.     Dark,    black, 

dusky. 
Nigrans,  antis.     Black,  dusky. 
Nihil,  n.  indec.    Nothing  ;  adv.  not, 

in  nothing.     128. 
Nihilum,  i,  n.     Nothing. 
Nilus,   i,   m.     The    river    Nile    in 

Egypt,  (211). 
Nimis,  adv.  Exceedingly,  too  much. 
Nimius,    a,    um.      Excessive,    too 

much,  too  great. 
Nisi,  conj.     Unless,  if  not,  except. 
Nitco,  nitire,  nitui,  (nix).    To  shine, 

glitter,  glisten. 
Nitor,  niti,  nisus  or  nixus  sum,  dep. 

To  strive,  attempt ;  to  depend  or 

rely  upon. 
Nix,  nivis,  f.     Snow. 
Nobllis,  e.    Noble,  famous. 
Nobihtas,  Otis,  f.   (nobllis).     Fame, 

nobleness ;  nobility,  nobles. 
NobUtto,  are,   dvi,  atum,  (nobllis). 

To  render    famous ;   to   ennoble; 

improve. 


NrsAj 


LATIN-ENGLISH    VOCABULARY. 


183 


Noceo,  ere,  ui,  ~Uum.  To  hurt,  harm, 
injure. 

Noctu,  abl.     By  night. 

Nocturnus,  a,  um.  Nocturnal,  oc- 
curring at  night. 

Nolo,  nolle,  nolui,  irreg.  To  be  un- 
willing.    293. 

Nomen,  Inis,  n.     Name. 

Nomino,  are,  avi,  atum,  (nomen). 
To  name,  call. 

Non,  adv.    Not ;  nonriisi,  only. 

Nonagesimus,  a,  um.     Ninetieth. 

Nonaginta,  indec.     Ninety. 

Non-dum,  adv.     Not  yet. 

Nonne,  interrog.  particle.  Whether, 
expecting  answer  yes.  346,  II. 
1. 

Nonnullus,  a,  um,  (declined  like 
nullus).     Some. 

Nonus,  a,  um.    Ninth. 

Nosco,  ere,  novi,  notum.  To  know, 
understand,  learn. 

JVbster,  tra,  trum.  pron.     Our. 

Notitia,  ae,  f.  (notus).  Celebrity, 
note;  acquaintance,  knowledge. 

Notus,  a,  um.  part,  (nosco).  Known. 

Novem,  indecl.     Nine. 

Noverca,  ae,  f.     Step-mother. 

Novo,  are,  avi,  atum,  (novus).  To 
renew,  change;  revolutionize. 

Novus,  a,  um.  New;  novae  res, 
revolution. 

Nox,  noctis,  f.    Night. 

Nubes,  is,  f.     Cloud. 

Nubo,  ere,  nupsi,  nuptum.  To  veil 
one's  self,  to  marry,  applied  to  the 
bride  as  she  was  covered  with  a 
veil. 

Lucius,  a,  um.  Naked,  uncovered, 
destitute  of. 

Nullus,  a,  um.     No  one,  no.     151. 

Num,  interrog.  particle.     Whether,  ; 
9 


used  both  in  direct  and  in  indirect 
questions.     See  346,  II.  1. 

Numa,  ae,  m.  Numa.iVwma  Pom- 
pilius,  the  second  king  of  Rome, 
(159). 

Numantia,  ae,  f.  Numantia,  a  city 
of  Spain,  (201). 

Numantlni,  drum,  m.  pi.  Numan- 
tians,  the  inhabitants  of  Numan- 
tia, (201). 

Numen,  \nisr  n.    A  god,  deity. 

Numero,  are,  avi,  atum,  (numerus). 
To  count,  reckon,  number. 

Numerics,  i,  m.  Number,  quan- 
tity. 

Numida,  ae,  m.  A  Numidian,  in' 
habitant  of  Numidia  in  Africa, 
(48). 

Numltor,  oris,  m.  Numitor,  a  king 
of  Alba,  grandfather  of  Romulus 
and  Remus,  (154). 

Nummus,  i,  m.  Money,  a  piece  of 
money,  a  coin. 

Nunc.    Now. 

Nuncupo,  are,  avi,  atum.  To  call, 
name. 

Nunquam.     Never. 

Nuntio  (or  ceo),  are,  avi,  atum,  (nun- 
tius).     To  announce,  relate. 

Nuntius,  ii,  m.  Message,  news,  mes- 
senger. 

Nuptiae,  arum,  f.  pi.  Marriage, 
nuptials. 

Nutrio,  ire,  Ivi  or  ii,  Hum.  To 
nourish,  support. 

Nutrix,  icis,  f.    Nurse. 

Nympha,  ae,  f.     Nymph,  spouse. 

Nysa,  ae,  f.  Nysa,  a  city  in  India, 
(242). 


184 


LATIN    READEIl. 


0 


0,  interj.    0 ! 

Ob,  prep,  with  ace.     On  account  of, 

for. 
Ob-duco,  ire,  duzi,  ductum.  To  draw 

over,  overspread,  cover. 
Obedio,  Ire,  Ivi  or  ii,  Itum.  To  obey, 

serve ;  be  subject  to. 
Ob-eo,  ire,  ivi  or  ii,  itum.    To  meet ; 

die.     295. 
Objector  &re,   avi,    dtum,  (objicio). 

To  expose,  set  forth;   endanger. 

332,  i: 

Objicio,  ire,  jeci,  jectum,  (ob,  jacio). 

To  expose,  offer,  present. 
Oblecto,  are,  dvi,  alum.    To  delight, 

divert,  please. 
Ob-llgo,  are,  (ivi,  dtum.     To  bind, 

oblige,  put  under  obligation. 
Oblitus,  a,  um,    part,   (obliviscor). 

Having  forgotten,  forgetful. 
Oblivio,   onis,  f.    (obliviscor).     For- 

getfulness,  oblivion. 
Obliviscor,  oblivisci,  oblitus  sum,  dep. 

To  forget. 
Ob-ruo,  ire,  rui,  rutum.  To  destroy, 

overwhelm. 
Obscurus,  a,  um.     Obscure,  hidden ; 

mean. 
Obsicro,  are,  avi,  dtum,  (ob,  sacro). 

To  beseech,  implore. 
Obses,  idis,  m.  and  f.    Hostage. 
Obsideo,  ere,  sedi,  sessum,  (ob,  se- 

deo).     To  besiege,  invest. 
Obsidio,  Onis,  f.   (obsideo).    Siege, 

blockade. 
Ob-sum,  obesse,  obfui.    To  be  hurt- 
ful, be  injurious,  to  injure. 
Ob-slo,  stare,  sttti,  statum.     To  op- 
pose, prevent. 


Obtemperatio,  onis,  f.  Submission, 
obedience. 

Ob-tero,  ire,  trlvi,  trltum.  To  crush, 
wear  down. 

Obtinco,  Ire,  tinui,  tentum,  (ob, 
teneo).     To  obtain,  hold,  prevail. 

Obtingo,  ire,  tlgi,  tactum,  (ob,  tan-, 
go).     To  befall,  happen  to. 

Ob-trunco,  are,  avi,  alum.  To  slaugh- 
ter. 

Occaeco,  are,  avi,  dtum,  (ob,  caeco). 
To  darken,  obscure,  blind,  dazzle. 

Occasio,  onis,  f.  Opportunity,  oc- 
casion. 

Occasus,  us,  m.  The  setting  of  the 
heavenly  bodies;  setting,  even- 
ing; the  west. 

Oc-cldo,  ere,  cldi,  edsum,  (ob,  cado). 
To  fall  down,  fall;  to  set;  to 
perish,  die,  be  ruined. 

Occldo,  ire,  cldi,  clsum,  (ob,  caedo). 
To  kill,  slay. 

Occulte,  ins,  isslme,  adv.  (occultus). 
In  secret,  secretly. 

Occultus,  a,  um.  Secret,  hidden; 
reserved,  dissembling. 

Occupo,  are,  avi,  alum.  To  occupy, 
take  possession  of. 

Occurro,  ere,  curri  (cucurri),  cur- 
sum,  (ob,  curro).  To  meet,  at- 
tack.   273,  I.  2. 

Ocednus,  i,  m.     Ocean. 

Octavidnus,  i,  m.  (Caesar).  Octa- 
vianus,  the  first  Roman  emperor 
usually  called  Augustus  after  his 
victory  at  Actium,  (213). 

Octdvm,  a,  um,  (octo).     Eighth. 

Octtngenti,  ae,  a.     Eight  hundre.l. 

Octo,  indecl.    Eight. 

Octogeslmus,  a,  um.     The  eightieth 

Octoginta,  iudec.  (octo).     Eighty. 

Oculus,  '),  m.     Eye. 


Okestes] 


LATIN-ENGLISH    VOCABULARY. 


185 


Odi,   odme,  defect.     To  hate ;  dis- 
like.    297. 
Odium,  ii,  n.     Hatred,  enmity. 
Oenomaus,  i,  m.     Oenomaus,  a  cele- 
brated gladiator,  (204). 
Offendo,    ere,  fendi,   fensum.     To 

offend,  injure. 
Offensus,  a,  um,  (offendo).     Offend- 
ed, hostile. 
Offero,  ferre,  obtuli,  oblatum,   (ob, 
fero).     To  offer,  show  ;  se  offerre, 
to    present  one's    self,  to    offer 
one's  self,  sometimes  as  an  antago- 
nist, to  oppose ;  expose  one's  self. 
Officium,  ii,  n.     Office,  duty,  kind- 
ness, kind  office. 
Olim,  adv.     Formerly. 
Olympiiicu?,    Olymplcus    or    Olym- 

pius,  a,  um.     Olympic,  (134). 
Olynthus,  i,  f.     Olynthus,  a  city  of 

Thrace. 
Olynthii,  drum,  m.  pi.     The   Olyn- 

thians,  (231). 
Omen,  Inis,  n.     Omen,  sign. 
Omitto,  ere,  mlsi,  missum,  (ob,  mit- 
to).     To  let  go,  omit,  neglect,  dis- 
regard. 
Omnis,  e.     All,  every,  whole. 
Oneraria,   ae,  f,   (onus).     Ship   of 

burden. 
Onero,  are,  &vi,  dtum,  (onus).     To 

burden,  load,  oppress. 
Onustus,  a,  um,  (onus).    Laden,  full 

of. 
Opera,  ae,  f.     Pains,  work,  labor; 

care,  attention;  means. 
Oplmus,  a,  um.     Rich,  fertile. 
Oportct,  impers.     It  behooves,  one 

ought.     299. 
Opperior,  opperiri,  oppertus  or  op- 
peritus  sum,   dep.     To   wait  for, 
await. 


Oppidanus,  a,  um,  (oppidum).  In- 
habitant of  a  town,  citizen. 

Oppidum,  i,  n.     Town,  city. 

Opportunitas,  atis,  f.  (opportunus). 
Opportunity,  fitness. 

Opportunus,  a,  um.     Suitable,  fit. 

Opprlmo,  $re,  pressi,  pressum,  (ob, 
premo).  To  put  down,  defeat, 
overcome  ;  suppress  ;  oppress. 

Oppugno,  are,  avi,  alum,  (ob,  pug- 
no).  To  attack,  storm,  take  by 
storm. 

{Ops),  opts,  f,  nom.  sing,  not  used. 
Power,  resources,  wealth,  force, 
aid. 

Optabllis,  e,  (opto).  Wished  for, 
desirable. 

Optimus,  a,  um,  superl.  (bonus). 
Best,  most  excellent. 

Opiio,  onis,  f.     Choice,  option. 

Opto,  are,  avi,  ahem.  To  wish,  de- 
sire; ask. 

Opulens,  entis,  or  opulentus,  a,  um, 
adj.     Wealthy,  rich. 

Opus,  eris,  n.     Work. 

Opus,  nom.  and  accus.  Need,  ne- 
cessary thing,  necessary. 

Ora,  ae,  f.     The  shore,  coast. 

Oraculum,  i,  n.  Response,  ora- 
cle. 

Oratio,  onu,  f.  (oro).  Oration, 
speech,  language. 

Orator,  6ris,m.  (oro).  Orator,  mes- 
senger. 

Orbis,  is,  m.     Circle,  world;   orbis 

terr&rum,  the  world. 
Ordtno,  are,  avi,  atum,  (ordo).     To 

arrange,  establish. 
Ordo,  \nis,  m.     Row,  rank,  order; 
bank   as  of  oars  ;  extra  ordinem, 
out  of  the  common  course. 
Orestes,  is,  and  ae,  m.     Orestes,  son 


180 


LATIN    HEADER. 


[Obi  em 


of  Agamemnon  and  Clytcmnestra, 

(43). 
Oriens,  ends,  (orior).     Rising;    the 

morning,  the  east,  the  countries 

of  the  east,  the  Orient,  (213). 
Orlgo,  Knis,  f.     Origin,  source. 
Orior,  orlri,  ortus   sum,   dep.     To 

rise,  appear,  dawn.     288,  2. 
Ornamentum,  i,  n.      Equipage,   or- 
nament, jewel. 
Orno,  are,  dvi,  dtum.      To   adorn, 

equip. 
Oro,  are,  dvi,  dtum.     To  beg,  ask, 

speak. 
Ortus,   us,   m.    (orior).      A   rising; 

place  of  rising,  the  east ;   birth ; 

beginning. 
Os,  ossis,  n.     Bone. 
Osculor,  ari,  atus  sum.     To  kiss. 
Ostendo,  Sre,  di,  sum  or  turn.     To 

show. 
Ostentum,  i,  n.  (ostendo).     Prodigy. 
Ostia,  ae,  f.     Ostia,  a  town  at  the 

mouth  of  the  Tiber,  (161). 
Ostium,  ii,  n.  Mouth,  door. 
Oihcm,  ii,  n.      Leisure,  rest,   ease, 

idleness. 
Ovis,  is,  f.     Sheep. 
Ovum,  i,  n.     Egg. 

P. 

P.    An  abbreviation  of  Publius. 

Paco,  are,  dve,  atum  (pax).  To  sub- 
due. 

Pactum,  i,  n.  Bargain,  contract; 
all.  pacto,  way,  manner. 

Padus,  i,  m.     River  Po  in  Italy,  (55). 

Paene,  adv.     Almost. 

Paenltct,  Ire,  paenituit,  impers.  It 
causes  regret;  paenXtet  me,  it 
causes  me  to  repent,  I  repent,  am 
sorry  for,  regret. 


Palam,  adv.     Openly. 

Palatium,  ii,  n.     Palace. 

Pallium,  ii,  n.  Cloak,  coat,  gar- 
ment. 

Pango,  Zre,  peplgi,  pactum.  To  con 
tract,  ratify. 

Papirius,  ii,  n.     See  Cursor. 

Par,  paris,  adj.  Equal,  a  match  for, 
competent  for. 

Pardtus,  a,  um,  (paro).  Prepared, 
ready. 

Parco,  $re,  peperci  or  parsi,  par- 
sum.    To  spare. 

Parens,  entis,  m.  and  f.    Parent. 

Parento,  are,  dvi,  alum,  (parens). 
To  sacrifice  in  honor  of  parents 
or  friends. 

Parco,  ere,  ui,  Hum.  To  obey,  be 
subject  to. 

Pario,  $re,  pcptri,  partum.  To 
bear,  bring  forth,  produce,  lay, 
accomplish,  procure. 

Paro,  are,  dvi,  dtum.  To  prepare, 
equip. 

Pars,  partis,  f.  Part,  portion  ;  party. 

Parsimonia,  ae,  f.  Frugality,  par- 
simony. 

Parttceps,  participis,  (pars,  capio). 
Sharing,  partaking,  participant. 

Partim.  Partly,  in  part ;  partim — 
partim,  some — others,  either — 
or. 

Partior,  Iri,  itus  sum,  dep.  To  di- 
vide, share. 

Parum,  comp.  minus,  snpcrl.  ini- 
rilme,  adv.  Too  little,  little,  not 
enough.    305. 

Parvus,   a,   um,    comp.  mi)< 

perl,  minimus.     Small,  little,  un- 
important. 

Pasco,  #re,  pdvi,  pastum.     To 
^raze. 


Perduco] 


LATIN-ENGLISH   VOCABULARY. 


187 


Pascor,  pasci,  pastus  sum,  dep.  To 
feed,  graze,  graze  upon. 

Passer,  era,  m.     Sparrow. 

Passus,  us,  m.  Pace ;  mille  passus, 
a  mile. 

Pastor,  oris,  m.  (pasco).     Shepherd. 

Patefacio,  &re,  feci,  factum,  (pateo, 

i  facio).  To  disclose,  lay  open, 
open. 

Pateo,  ere,  ui  To  lie  open,  be  ex- 
posed. 

Pater,  tris,  m.  Father,  sometimes 
senator. 

Paternus,  a,  um,  (pater).     Paternal. 

Patior,  pati,  passus  sum,  dep.  To 
permit,  keep,  endure. 

Patria,  ae,  f.  Country,  native 
country. 

Patrimonium,  ii,  n.  Estate,  patri- 
mony. 

Patrius,  a,  um,  (pater).     Fatherly. 

Patruus,  i,  m.  Uncle  by  the  father's 
side,  paternal  uncle. 

Pauci,  ae,  a.     Few. 

Paulatim,  adv.  By  degrees,  grad- 
ually. 

Paulus  or  Paullus,  i,  m.  Paulus,  a 
surname  in  the  Aemilian  gens  or 
tribe.  Lucius  Aemilius  Paulus, 
the  name  of  two  Roman  consuls, 
one  of  whom  fell  in  the  battle  of 
Cannae,  (191 );  the  other  conquer- 
ed Perseus  at  Pydna,  (198). 

Paulo,  adv.  (paulus).  A  little,  by  a 
little. 

Paulus,  a,  um.     Little,  small. 

Pauper,  eris.    Poor,  without  means ; 

'    scanty,  meagre. 

Pausanias,  ae,  m.  Pausanias,  the 
leader  of  the  Spartans  in  the  bat- 
tle of  Plataea,  (221). 

raZypacis,  f.     Peace. 


Pectus,  oris,  n.    Breast. 

Pecunia,   ae,  f.      Money,    sum    of 

money. 
Pecus,  oris,  n.     Flock,  herd,  cattle. 
Pedes,  itis,  m.     Foot-soldier  ;  plur. 

infantry. 
Pedester,   tris,   tre.     Pedestrian,  on 

foot,    on  land ;   pedestres  copiaei 

infantry  forces. 
Pellicio,  ere,  lezi,  ledum.     To  allure, 

cajole. 
Pettis,  is,  f.     Skin,  hide. 
Pello,    ere,  pepuli,    pulsum.       To 

drive. 
Pelopidas,    ae,    m.      Pelopidas,    a 

celebrated  Theban  general,  (230). 
Penarius,  a,  um.     Of  or  for  provi- 
sions ;  cella  penaria,  granary. 
Pendeo,  ere,  pependi.     To  hang,  be 

suspended. 
Penetro,   are,   avi,  aium.     To   pen- 
etrate. 
Penitus,  adv.     Inwardly;  fully,  en- 
tirely. 
Per,  prep,  with  ace.     Through,  by, 

during. 
Per-curro,    ere,  percucurri  or  per- 

curri,  cursum.     To  run  through, 

pass  over. 
Percussor,   oris,  m.     Assassin,  mur- 

derer. 
Perdiccas  or  Perdicca,  ae,  m.    Per- 

diccas,   one  of  the  most  distin-. 

guished  generals  of  Alexander  the 

Great,  (91). 
Perditus,   a,    um,    (perdo).      Lost, 

abandoned,  desperate. 
Per-do,  ere,  didi,  ditum.  To  destroy, 

waste,  lose. 
Per-diico,   &re,   duzi,   ducium.      To 

conduct,    bring    to,    to    extend, 

build,  make. 


188 


LATI2*   BEADLE. 


Pcrennis,  e,  (per,  annus).  Continual, 
perpetual. 

Per-eo,  Ire,  Ivi  or  tt,  itum.  To  per- 
ish.   295. 

Per-exiguus,  a,  um.  Very  small, 
very  little. 

Pcr-fero,  ferre,  tali,  latum.  To  carry 
through  ;  bear  ;  suffer. 

Perfidia,  ae,  f.     Perfidy. 

Pergo,  Zre,  rexi,  rectum,  (per,  rego). 
To  go  on  or  to,  persevere. 

Pericles,  is,  m.  Pericles,  a  cele- 
brated Athenian  orator  and  states- 
man, (222). 

Pcriculosus,  a,  um,  (periculum). 
Dangerous. 

Periculum,  i,  n.    Danger,  peril. 

Perlius,  a,  um.     Skilled  in,  skilful. 

Per-magnus,  a,  um.    Very  great. 

Pcr-mitto,  Sre,  mlsi,  missum.  To 
send  ;  grant,  permit ;  permittXtur, 
impers.,  it  is  permitted. 

Per-multus,  a,  um.  Very  much, 
very  many. 

Pcrmutatio,  onis,  f.  Exchange, 
barter. 

Per-paucus,  a,  um.  Few,  very 
few. 

Pcr-pltro.  are,  avi,  atum.  To  finish, 
achieve. 

Perpeluo,  adv.  (perpetuus).  Con- 
stantly, ever. 

Perpetuus,  a,  um.  Perpetual,  con- 
stant. 

Persa,  ae.  or  Pcrscs,  ac,  m..  A  Per- 
sian, (44,  II. ;  126). 

Per-scquor,  siqui,  sccutus  sum,  dcp. 
To  follow,  pursue,  carry  on,  pro- 
secute. 
i'trsnts,  i,  or  Perscs,  ae,  m.  Per- 
seus or  Perses,  the  last  king  of 
Macedonia,  (198). 


Pcrsevlro,  are,  avi,  6 turn.  To  per 
severe,  persist. 

Perstcus,  a,  um.      Persian,  (50,  13). 

Persona,  ae,  f.  Part,  character, 
person. 

Perspicio,  ere,  spexi,  spcclum,  (per, 
specio).     To  perceive. 

Per-stringo,  ere,  strinxi,  strklum. 
To  graze,  wound  slightly. 

Per-suadeo,  ere,  suHsi,  suasum.  To 
persuade. 

Per-terreo,  ere,  ui,  itum.  To  terrify 
greatly. 

Pertineo,  ere,  tinui,  (per,  teneo).  To 
pertain  to,  tend. 

Pcr-turbo,  are,  avi,  atum.  To  dis- 
turb, throw  into  confusion,  route, 
embarrass. 

Per-utllis,  e.     Very  useful. 

Per-venio,  ire,  vlni,  ventum.  To 
reach,  come  to. 

Perverse,  adv.     Perversely,  wrongly. 

Pes,  ptdis,  m.     Foot. 

Peto,  Zre,  Ivi  or  ii,  Itum.  To  seek, 
ask  ;  aim  at ;  attack. 

Phaethon,  ontis,  m.  Phaethon,  fa- 
bled son  of  Helios  the  sun,  (71). 

PhaUrae,  arum,  f.  pi.  Trappings, 
ornaments  for  horses. 

Phalirum,  i,  n.  Phalerum,  the 
oldest  harbor  of  Athens  ;  often 
called  PhalcrXcus  portus. 

Pharnaces,  is,  m.  Pharnaces,  son 
of  Mithridates,  (205). 

PharsCdus,  i,  f.  Pharsalus,  a  city  in 
Thessaly,  where  Pompey  was  de- 
feated by  Caesar,  (210).  The  dis- 
trict was  called  Pharsalia. 

Phrfippi,  i>rum,  m.  pi.  Fhilippi,  a 
city  in  Macedonia,  (213). 

Phili]>pus,  i,  m.  Thilip,  the  Dim 
of  several  Macedonian  kings,  the 


PoMrsiANis] 


LATIN-ENGLISH    VOCABULARY. 


189 


most  celebrated  of  whom  was  the 

father  of    Alexander  the  Great, 

(140,  230). 
Philosophia,  ae,  f.     Philosophy. 
Philusopfius,  i,  m.     Philosopher. 
Phi/le,  es,  f.     Phyle,  a  castle  in  At- 
tica, (228). 
Picenum,  i,  n.     Picenum,  a  district 

in  the  eastern  part  of  Italy. 
Picinus,  a,  um,  (Picenum).     Of  or 

belonging    to    Picenum,    Picene, 

(23,  19). 
Pittas,   atis,    f.      Dutiful    conduct, 

sense  of  duty ;  affection  ;  loyalty ; 

piety. 
Pigct,  ere,  piguit  or  pigXtnm  est,  im- 

pers.     It  irks,  grieves,  displeases. 

299. 
Pingo,  ere,  pbixi,  pictum.    To  paint, 

depict. 
Piraeus,   or  Piraecus,   i,  m.      The 

Piraeus,   the  celebrated  port  of 

Athens,  (228). 
Pirata,  ae,  m.    Pirate. 
Piscis,  is,  m.    A  fish. 
Pius,    i,    m.      See  Metellus  Pius, 

(138). 
Placeo,  ere,  ui,  Hum.     To  please,  be 

pleasing  to ;  be  determined. 
Placidus,   a,  um,   (placeo).     Quiet, 

gentle. 
P'iaco,   are,  avi,  aium.      To   quiet, 

soothe,  calm,  appease. 
Plancus,  i,  m.     Plancus,  a  Roman 

name,  (42,  9). 
Plataeae,   arum,   f.    pi.     Plataea,  a 

city  in  Boeotia,  (221). 
Plataeenses,  turn,  m.  pi.     The  Pla- 

taeans,  the  inhabitants  of  Plataea, 

(216). 
Plato,  onis,  m.     Plato,  one  of  the 

most  celebrated  Grecian  philoso- 


phers, disciple  of  Socrates,  and  in- 
structor of  Aristotle,  (81). 

Plebs,  bis,  f.  Common  people, 
people. 

Plenus,  a,  um.  Full,  possessed  of, 
rich  in. 

Plerumque,  adv.  (plerusque).  Com- 
monly, generally,  frequently. 

Plerusque,  aquc,  umque.  Most, 
many. 

Plurtmus.     See  Multus. 

Plus,  adv.     More. 

Plus,  uris,  n.  adj.  More,  pi.  many, 
several.     See  Mulius. 

Poculum,  i,  n.     Cup. 

Poema,  atis,  n.     Poem. 

Poena,  ae,  f.     Punishment. 

Poenus,  i,  m.    A  Carthaginian,  (185). 

Poeta,  ae,  m.     Poet. 

Polliceor,  eri,  xtus  sum,  dep.  To 
promise,  offer. 

Pollux,  ucis,  m.  Pollux,  a  cele- 
brated pugilist,  brother  of  Castor, 
(63,  9).  According  to  some  au- 
thorities, he  was  the  son  of  Tyiv 
darus,  but  according  to  others, 
he  was  the  son  of  Jupiter.  See 
Castor. 

Pohjcraies,  is,  m.  Polycrates,  a  ce- 
lebrated tyrant  of  Samos,  (24, 12). 

Pompa,  ae,  f.  Pomp,  public  proces- 
sion, procession. 

Pompeius,  ii,  m.  Pompey,  the  name 
of  a  Roman  gens.  Cnaeus  Pom- 
peius, a  Roman  consul  and  a  dis- 
tinguished commander,  defeated 
by  Caesar  at  Pharsalia,  (205). 
Quintus  Pompeius,  also  consul  and 
commander,  defeated  in  several 
engagements  by  the  Numantines, 
(201). 
i  Pompeicinus,  a,  um,  adj.  (Pompeius). 


190 


LATIN   KEADER. 


[TOMi'iLirs 


Pompeian,  of  or  belonging  to  Pom- 
pcy,(211). 

Pompilius,  ii,  m.     See  Numa. 

Pondus,  eris,  n.     Weight. 

Pono,  ere,  posui,  posiium.  To  place, 
build,  pitch. 

Pons,  Pontis,  m.     Bridge. 

Pontius,  ii,  m.  Pontius,  a  Roman 
name.  Pontius  Thelesinus,  a  gen- 
eral of  the  Samnites,  who  con- 
quered the  Romans  at  the  Caudine 
Forks,  (179). 

Pontus,  i,  m.  Pontus,  a  province  in 
Asia  Minor,  south  of  the  Black 
Sea,  (202). 

Populatio,  onis,  f.  (popiilo).  Pillag- 
ing, booty ;  people,  population. 

Popiilo,  are,  dvi,  atum,  (populus). 
To  depopulate,  devastate,  pillage ; 
popiilor,  dep.=populo. 

Populus,  i,  m.  People,  nation, 
tribe. 

Porrigo,  ere,  rezi,  rectum.  To  ex- 
tend, stretch. 

Porsena,  ae,  m.  Porsena,  a  king  of 
Etruria  in  Italy,  (171). 

Porta,  ae,  f.     Gate. 

Portendo,  ere,  tendi,  tcntum.  To 
portend. 

Portio,  onis,  f.     Portion,  share. 

Porius,  us,  m.     Port,  harbor. 

Posco,  ere,  poposci.  To  demand, 
ask. 

Possessio,  6nis,  f.  (possideo).  Pos- 
session. 

Possidco,  ire,  sldi,  sessum.  To  pos- 
sess. 

Possum,  posse,  potui,  irrcg.  To  be 
able.     289. 

Post,  adv.,  and  prep,  with  ace.  Af- 
terwards, after,  behind,  since. 

Post-ca,  adv.     Afterwards. 


Posteritas,  Ctis,  f.  (posterus).  Pos- 
terity. 

Posterns,  a,  um ;  comp.  posterior, 
superl.  postremus,  postumus.  Fol- 
lowing, ensuing ;  postSri,  pos- 
terity, descendants ;  postremo,  ad 
postremum,  at  last.    163,  3. 

Post-fero,  ferre.  To  place  after, 
esteem  less ;  sacrifice. 

Post-pono,  ere,  posui,  posltum.  To 
put  after,  esteem  less,  postpone ; 
disregard,  neglect. 

Post-quam,  or  post  quam,  conj.  Af- 
ter, after  that. 

Postremo,  adv.  (postremus).  At  last, 
finally. 

Postremus,  a,  um.  The  last ;  ad 
postremum,  at  last,  finally.  See 
posterus. 

Postridie,  adv.  On  the  following  day. 

Postido,  are,  dvi,  atum.  To  demand. 

Poslumius,  ii,  m.  Postumius,  the 
name  of  a  Roman  gens  or  clan. 
Atdus  Postumius,  a  Roman  in 
whose  consulship  the  first  Punic 
war  was  brought  to  a  close,  (89, 
188).  Spurius  Postumius,  a  Ro- 
man consul,  defeated  by  the  Sam- 
nites at  the  Caudine  Forks,  (179). 

Potens,  entis,  (possum).  Able,  pow- 
erful. 

Potcntta,  ae,  f.  Might,  force,  power, 
ability. 

Potcstas,  aiis,  f.  (potens).     Power. 

Potior,  potlri,  pot'itus  sum,  dep.  To 
obtain,  get  possession  of. 

Poiis,  e,  comp.  potior,  superl.  p <>tis- 
simus.     Able,  capable,  possible. 

Potius,  potissimc,  adv.  (potis);  po- 
sitive not  used.     Rather  than. 

Prae,  prep,  with  abl.  Before,  for, 
on  account  of,  in  comparison  with. 


PraetervehorJ       LATIN-ENGLISH   VOCABULARY. 


191 


Praebeo,  ere,  ui,  itum.  To  show, 
furnish. 

Prae-cedo,  ere,  cessi,  cessum.  To  pre- 
cede, surpass,  outstrip. 

Praeceptor,  oris,  m.  (praecipio).  Pre- 
ceptor, commander,  teacher. 

Praeceptum,  i,  n.  (praecipio).     Max- 

•   im,  rule,  precept. 

Praecipio,  ere,  dpi,  ceptum  (prae, 
capio).  To  admonish,  advise, 
order. 

Praecipitium,  ii,  n.     Precipice. 

Praecipito,  are,  dvi,  dtum.  To 
throw  down,  precipitate. 

Praecipum,  a,  um.  Remarkable, 
prominent,  special. 

Praeclare,  ius,  issime,  adv.  (precla- 
rus).    Excellently,  nobly. 

Prae-clarus,  a,  um.  Excellent,  no- 
ble, distinguished,  illustrious. 

Praecludo,  ere,  clusi,  cluswn,  (prae, 
claudo).  To  hinder,  preclude, 
cut  off. 

Praeco,  dnis,  m.     Herald,  crier. 

Praeda,  ae,  f.     Prey,  booty. 

Prae-dlco,  ere,  dixi,  dictum.  To  pre- 
dict, forewarn. 

Praedictum,  i,  n.  (pracdlco).  Predic- 
tion, warning. 

Praeditus,  a,  um.  Endued  with, 
possessed  of. 

Praedor,  dri,  cttus  sum,  (praeda). 
To  plunder. 

Prae-fdri,  defective.  To  predict, 
prophesy;  say.     297,  II.  3. 

Praefectus,  i,  m.  Commander,  pre- 
fect. 

Prae-fero,  ferre,  tuli,  latum.  To  pre- 
fer, choose  ;  carry  or  bear  before. 

Praeficio,  ere,  feci,  fectum,  (prae, 
facio).  To  place  over,  put  in 
command. 


Prae-lego,  ere,  legi,  tectum.  To  read 
to  another,  to  read  aloud,  to 
lecture. 

Prae-mitto,  ere,  misi,  missum.  To 
send  forward,  send  in  advance. 

Praemium,  ii,  n.   Reward,  premium. 

Praeneste,  is,  n.  Praeneste,  a  town 
in  Latium,  (182). 

Prae-pono,  ere,  posui,  positum.  Tfc 
place  over,  intrust  with. 

Praesens,  entis.  Present ;  praesentia, 
drum,  n.  pi.  present  things,  the 
present. 

Praesentia,  ae,  f.  (praesens).  Pres- 
ence. 

Praeses,  idis,  adj.  Presiding,  ruling, 
chief;  subs,  head,  chief,  ruler, 
governor. 

Praesidium,  ii,  n.     Guard,  garrison. 

Pracstabllis,  e.  Preeminent,  distin- 
guished, excellent. 

Praestans,  antis,  (praesto).  Excel- 
lent, eminent. 

Praestantia,  ae,  f.  Superiority,  pre- 
eminence. 

Praesto,  are,  stiti,  itum,  (prae,  sto). 
To  surpass,  be  superior  to;  fur- 
nish, do,  pay,  render  (as  service) ; 
evince,  show,  give. 

Prae-sum,  esse,  fui.  To  preside 
over,  command. 

Prae-tendo,  ere,  tendi,  tentum.  To 
pretend,  allege. 

Praeter,  prep,  with  ace.  Except, 
besides. 

Praeter-ea,  adv.     Besides,  moreover. 

Praeter-eo,  Ire,  Ivi  or  ii,  Hum.  To 
pass  by,  omit.     295. 

Praeterxtus,  a,  um,  (praetereo).  Gone 
by,  past ;  praeterita,  drum,  n.  pL 
the  past. 

Praeter -vchor,  vehi,  vectus  sum,  dep. 


192 


LATIN    READER. 


[PRAET0R113 


To  be  borne  over  or  by  ;  to  drive 

or  sail  by ;  to  pass  by. 
Pravtorius,  a,  um,  (praetor).     Prae- 
torian, belonging  to  a  praetor  or 

general ;  praetorius,  subs,  one  who 

has  been  praetor. 
Prae-video,   ere,    vldi,   visum.      To 

foresee. 
Pratum,  i,  n.     Meadow,  pasture. 
Pravus,  a,  um.    Depraved,  bad. 
Preces,  um,  f.  pi.  dot.  ace.  and  abl. 

sing,   also    occur.      Frayers,    en- 
treaties. 
Prccor,  ari,  atus  sum.     To  beseech, 

pray. 
Premo,   ire,  pressi,  pressum.      To 

press,  urge. 
Prctium,  ii,  n.     Price,  worth. 
Pridie,  adv.     On  the  day  before. 
Primo,  primum,  adv.  (primus).     At 

first,  first ;  quam  primum,  as  soon 

as  possible. 
Primus,  a,  um,  superl.  (prior).  First, 

166. 
Princeps,   \pis,  m.      Prince,  >uler ; 

chief  man. 
Principalus,   us,    m.      Sovereignty, 

imperial  power. 
Principium,  ii,  n.     Beginning. 
Prior,  us.    Former,  previous.     166. 
Priscus,  i,  m.     Priscus,  the  surname 

of  Lucius    Tarquinius,   the   fifth 

king  of  Rome,  (162). 
Pristinus,  a,  um.    Ancient,  pristine. 
Prim,  adv.     Before,  first ;    prius- 

quam  or  piiu*  quam,  before  that, 

before. 
Privrdus,  a,  um.     Private,  personal, 

subs,  a  private  citizen. 
Pro,   prep,   with   abl.       Before,   in 

front  of;  for,  in  behalf  of,  instead 

of,  as :  pro  hosfc,  as  an  enemy. 


Probatio,     onis,     f.       Approbation, 

proof. 
Probatus,   a,   um,  (probo).      Tried, 

tested,  proved,  approved. 
Probitas,  atis,  f.  (probus).     Honesty, 

probity,  integrity. 
Probo,  are,  avi,  alum,  (probus).    To 

prove,  show ;  approve. 
Probus,  a,  um.     Upright,  honest. 
Procas,   ae,  m.     Procas,   a   Roman 

name.    Silvius  Proca*,  a  king  of 

Alba,  (151). 
Pro-cedo,  ire,  cessi,  cessum.   To  step 

forth,  to  advance,  proceed,  como 

on,  succeed. 
ProcUlus,  i,  m.     Procillus,  a  young 

man  sent  by  Caesar  to  Ariovistus, 

(52). 
Pro-clamo,  are,  avi,  atum.     To  cry 

out,  proclaim. 
Pro-consul,  ulis,  m.     Proconsul,  one 

with  the  authority  of  consul. 
Procul,   adv.      At  a  distance,   far 

off. 
Pro-euro,  are,  avi,  atum.   To  attend 

to,  have  the  care  of. 
Pro-curro,  ire,  curri  (cucurri),  cur 

sum.     To  run  forth,  project. 
Prodilio,  onis,  f.  (prodo).     Treach- 
ery, treason. 
Proditor,  oris,  m.  (prodo).    Traitor. 
Pro-do,  ere,  didi,  ddum.  To  disclose, 

betray. 
Pro-duco,   ire,   dwei,   duclum.      To 

lead  forth,  produce. 
Proelium,  ii,  n.     Battle,  conflict. 
Profecto,  adv.     Indeed,  truly. 
Proficiscor,  projicisci,  prof  eel  n 

To  depart,  set  out,  go. 
Profllgo,  (ire,  dvi,  (Hum,  (pro,  fiigol 

To  overthrow,  ruin. 
Pro-fu:tf'>,   (Y<\  /  ,.      To 


Pl'BLIUs] 


LATIN-ENGLISH    VOCABULARY. 


193 


pour  out,  spend ;  throw  away, 
lavish,  dissipate. 

Progredior,  gredi,  gressus  sum,  dep. 
(pro,  gradior).  To  proceed,  ad- 
vance. 

Proliibeo,  ere,  ui,  itum,  (pro,  habeo). 
To  prohibit,  prevent. 

Promissus,  a,  um,  (promitto).  Grow- 
ing long,  long. 

Pro-mitto,  ere,  misi,  missum.  To 
send  forth,  promise. 

Promordorium,  ii,  n.      Promontory. 

Promptus,  a,  um.    Prompt,  ready. 

Pro-nuntio,  are,  avi,  dtutn.  To  pub- 
lish, proclaim,  announce;  recite, 
declaim ;  act,  tell,  narrate. 

Propago,  are,  avi,  atum.  To  prop- 
agate; prolong. 

Prope,  adv.,  and  prep,  with  ace. 
Near,  nearly,  near  to,  close  by, 
near. 

Propero,  are,  avi,  atum.    To  hasten. 

Propior,  ius.     Nearer.     See  166. 

Propius,  adv.    Nearer. 

Pro-pdno,  ere,  posui,  positum.  To 
set  forth,  state,  propose. 

Proprius,  a,  um.  Peculiar,  proper, 
one's  own,  characteristic  of. 

Propter,  prep,  with  ace.  For,  on 
account  of. 

Propter-ea,  adv.  Therefore,  on  that 
account. 

Pro-pulso,  are,  avi,  atum.  To  repel, 
ward  off. 

Prora,  ae,  f.  Prow,  forepart  of  a 
ship. 

Prorsus,  adv.  Uninterruptedly, 
straight  on,  absolutely. 

Pro-rumpo,  ere,  rupi,  ruptum.  To 
rush  or  break  forth. 

Pro-scrlbo,  ere,  scripsi,  scriplum.  To 
proscribe,  outlaw. 


Prosilio,  ire,  ii  or  ui,  (pro,  salio). 
To  leap  up,  spring  forth. 

Prospere,  ius,  rime,  adv.  (prosperus). 
Happily,  prosperously. 

Prosperus,  a,  um.  Favorable,  for- 
tunate, prosperous. 

ProspicXo,  ere,  spexi,  spectum,  (pro^ 
specio).  To  look  forward,  look; 
see ;  iook  out  for,  take  care  of, 
provide  for  ;  discern,  descry. 

Prosierno,  ere,  stravi,  stratum,  (pro, 
sterno).     To  prostrate,  overthrow. 

Pro-sum,  prodesse,  profui.  To  pro- 
fit, avail,  be  useful. 

Protinus,  adv.  Directly,  imme- 
diately after. 

Pro-video,  ere,  vldi,  visum.  To  pro- 
vide, be  on  one's  guard. 

ProvXdus,  a,  um,  (provideo).  Fore- 
seeing, prudent,  cautious,  provi- 
dent. 

Provincia,  ae,  f.     Province. 

Provocatio,  onis,  f.  (provoco).  Chal- 
lenge, appeal. 

Provoco,  are,  avi,  ahem.  To  chal- 
lenge, appeal. 

Proximus,  a,  um.  Nearest,  next. 
166. 

Prudens,  entis.  Prudent,  wise,  learn- 
ed, skilled. 

Prudentia,  ae,  f.  (prudens).  Pru- 
dence. 

Ptolemaeus,  i,  m.  Ptolemy,  the 
name  of  several  kings  of  Egypt, 
(211). 

Publicola,  ae,  m.  Publicola,  the 
surname  of  Valerius,  one  of  the 
first  consuls  at  Rome,  (169). 

Publicus,  a,  um.     Public. 

Publius,  ii,  m.  Publius,  a  Roman 
name ;  as,  Publius  Rutilius  Rufuex 
(139). 


194 


LATIN   READER. 


[Podei 


Pudet,  ere,  puduit,  puditum  est,  im- 
pers.  It  shames ;  pudet  me,  it 
shames  me,  I  am  ashamed. 

Pudor,  oris,  m.  Regard,  respect, 
modesty,  awe,  shame. 

Puella,  ae,  f.     Girl. 

Puer,  e~ri,  m.     Boy. 

Puerilis,  e,  (puer).  Boyish,  youth- 
ful. 

pueritia,  ae,  f.  (puer).     Boyhood. 

Pugio,  onis,  m.     Dagger,  poniard. 

Pugna,  ae,  f.     Battle. 

Pugno,  are,  avi,  alum.     To  fight. 

Pulcher,  chra,  chrum.     Beautiful. 

Pulvillus,  i,  m.  Pulvillus.  Hora- 
iius  Pulvillus,  a  Roman  consul  in 
the  first  year  after  the  banishment 
ofTarquin,  (170). 

Pumilio,  onis,  m.  and  f.  Dwarf, 
pigmy. 

Punicus,  a,  um,  (Poeni).  Punic, 
Carthaginian,  belonging  to  Car- 
thage or  the  Carthaginians.  (196). 

Punio,  Ire,  Ivi,  Hum.     To  punish. 

Pupillus,  i,  m.     Pupil. 

Puppis,  is  f.  The  stern,  the  hinder 
part  of  a  ship. 

Pusillus,  a,  um.   Small,  weak ;  little. 

Puto,  are,  avi,  alum.  To  think, 
imagine,  esteem. 

Pydna,  ae,  f.  Pydna,  a  town  of 
Macedonia,  celebrated  for  the 
victory  of  Paulus  over  Perseus, 
(198). 

Pyrenaeus,  i,  m.  The  Pyrenees,  a 
range  of  mountains  between 
France  and  Spain,  (190). 

Pyrrhus,  i,  m.  Pyrrhus,  a  king  of 
Epirus,  (183). 

Pythagoras,  ae,  m.  Pythagoras,  a 
celebrated  philosopher  of  Samos, 
(94). 


Pythia,  ae,  f.  Pythia,  the  pr!estess 
of  Apollo,  at  Delphi,  (217). 

Q. 

Q.  or  Qu.  An  abbreviation  or 
Quintus. 

QuadragesXmus,  a,  um,  (quadragfn 
ta).     Fortieth. 

Quadraginta,  indecl.     Forty. 

Quadriga,  ae,  f.  Chariot,  four-horse 
chariot. 

QuadringentesXmus,  a,  um,  (quad- 
ringenti).     Tho  four  hundredth. 

Quadringenti,  ae,  a.  Four  hun- 
dred. 

Quaero  or  quaeso,  8re,  quaesivi, 
quaesltum.  To  seek,  inquire,  ask, 
implore.  Quaerltur,  impers.  It 
is  asked,  the  question  is  asked. 

Quails,  e.  What,  what  sort ;  talis 
— qualis,  such — as. 

Quam,  adv.  and  conj.  How;  as, 
than,  after:  quam  multi,  how 
many ;  with  superl.  intensive, 
quam  maxtmus,  as  great  as  possi- 
ble. 

Quam-diu,  adv.  How  long,  as  long 
as. 

Quam-quam,  conj.  Although, 
though. 

Quam-vis.  However,  however  much, 
though. 

Quantus,  a,  um.  How  great,  how 
much ;  tardus — quantus,  so  great 
as ;  quanto,  by  how  much,  aa. 

Qua-re.    Wherefore,  whereby. 

Quartus,  a,  um.     Fourth. 

Quasi.    As  if. 

Quaterni,  ae,  a,  distributive.  Four 
by  four,  four  at  a  time,  four  ouch 
174,  2. 


Quondam] 


LATIN-ENGLISH    VOCABULARY. 


195 


Quatio,   &re,  quassi,    quassicm.     To 

shake. 
Quatriduum,  i,  n.  (quattuor,  dies). 

Space  of  four  days,  four  days. 
Quattuor,  indecl.     Tour. 
Quattuordecim,     indecl.    (quattuor, 

decern).  Fourteen. 
,^ue,    appended  to    another  word. 

And.     587, 1.  3. 
Quem-ad-mMum,  adv.  In  what  man- 
ner, how,  a3. 
Querela,  ae,  f.  (queror).     Complaint. 
Queror,  queri,  questus  sum,  dep.  To 

complain. 
Qui,  quae,  quod,  rel.  and  interrog. 

Who,  which,  what. 
Quia,  conj.  Because. 
Quicunque  (or    cumque)    quaeeun- 

que,      quodcunque.        Whoever, 

whatever. 
Quidam,    quaedam,     quoddam     or 

quiddam.    A  certain  one,  certain. 
Quidem.    Indeed. 
Quies,  etis,  f.     Rest,  quiet. 
Quiesco,  ere,  quievi,  quietum,  (quies). 

To  rest,  repose,  keep  quiet. 
Quietus,  a,  um,  (quiesco).     Quiet,  at 

rest. 
Qui-llbet,  quaelibet,  quodlibet.,  indef. 

pron.     Any  one,  any. 
Quin.     That  not,  but  that,  that. 
Quinctius,  ii,  m.     Quinctius.     Titus 

Quinciius,  a  Roman  general   at 

the  time  the  city  was  threatened 

by  the  Gauls,  321   B.   C.   (111). 

Titus  Quinctius  Flaminius  gained 

the     victory    at    Cynoscephalae, 

(197). 
Quindecim,  indecl.     Fifteen. 
Quingentesimus,  a,  um,  (quingenti). 

The  five  hundreth. 
Quingenti,  ae,  a.     Five  hundred. 


Quinquagesimus,   a,  um,  (quinqua- 

ginta).    Fiftieth. 
Quinquaginta,  indecl.     Fifty. 
Quinque,  indecl.     Five. 
Quinquennium,  ii,   n.     Five  years, 

space  of  five  years. 
Quintus,  a,  um.     Fifth. 
Quintus,  i,  m.     Quintus,  a  common 

Roman  name;  as,    Quintus  Mu- 

cius  Scaevola,  (172). 
Quippe,  conj.  Indeed. 
Quis,   quae,   quid?  interrog.  pron. 

Who,  which,  what  ? 
Quis,  quae,  quid,  indef.  pron.  Some 

one,  any  one.     190,  1. 
Quisnam     or     quinam,    quaenam, 

quodnam    or    quidnam.       Who, 

which,  what. 
Quispiam,     quaepiam,      quodpiam, 

and  subs,  quidpiam  or  quippiam, 

indef.     pron.       Any     one,    any 

body,  any ;  some  one,  some  thing, 

some. 
Quis-quam,  quaequam,  quidquamov 

quicquam.     Any,  any  one. 
Quis-que,  quaeque,  quodque  or  quid- 

que.    Every,  every  one,  whoever, 

whatever;  with  superl.,  intensive, 

primo   quoque    tempore,    on  the 

very  first  opportunity. 
Quis-quis,    quaequae,    quidquid   or 

quicquid.     Whoever,  whatever. 
Quo.      Where,    whither,    that,     in 

order  that. 
Quo-ad.     Till,  until,  as  long  as,  us 

far  as. 
Quod,  conj.     That,  because. 
Quominus,  (quo,  minus).    That  not, 

from. 
Quombdo,  adv.  (quo,  mod  d).     Eow; 

by  what  means. 
Quondam,  adv.     Formerly. 


196 


LATIN    HEADER. 


Quoque.     Also,  too. 

Quot,  adj.  pi.  indec.     How  many,  as 

many,  as ;  all. 
Quot-annis.     Every  year,  yearly. 
Quolidie.     Daily,  every  day. 
Quotus,  a,  um.     Of  what  number, 

how  many  ;  what,  often  applied  to 

the  hour  of  the  day. 
Quum     or    cum.      When,    since  ; 

though  ;   quum — turn,  not  only — 

but  also,  both — and ;  rarely  either 

— or. 

R. 

Rabies,  ei,  f.     Madness,  rage. 

Radix,  lets,  f.  Root,  foot,  base,  as 
of  a  mountain. 

Ramus,  i,  m.     Branch. 

Raplna,  ae,  f.     Rapine,  plunder. 

Rapio,  ire,  rapui,  raptum.  To  rob, 
carry  off. 

Raptor,  oris,  m.  (rapio).  Robber, 
plunderer. 

Raro,  adv.  (rarus).     Rarely,  seldom. 

Rarus,  a,  um.     Rare,  uncommon. 

Ratio,  onis,  f.  A  calculating,  think- 
ing ;  reason,  understanding  ;  plan, 
method,  kind. 

Ratis,  is,  f.     Raft. 

Re-bello,  are,  dvi,  dtum.     To  rebel. 

Re-cedo,  ire,  cessi,  ccssum.  To  with- 
draw, recede,  retire. 

Recens,  entis.  Recent,  fresh,  young, 
new. 

Rcdpio,  ire,  dpi,  ceptum,  (re,  capio). 
To  receive,  recover,  resume ;  se 
redpire,  to  betake  one's  self, 
withdraw. 

Reclio,  are,  avi,  atum,  (re,  cito). 
To  repeat,  recite. 

Recognosco,  ere,  n6vi,  nitum,  (re, 
cognosce).     To  recognize. 


Recorddtio,  onis,  f.  (recordor).  Re- 
collection, remembrance. 

Recordor,  dri,  dtus  sum,  dep.  To 
recollect. 

Rede,  ius,  issime,  adv.  (rectus). 
Rightly. 

Rector,  oris,  m.  (rego).  Director^ 
ruler. 

Rectum,  i,  n.  (rectus).     Right. 

Rectus,  a,  um,  (rego).  Straight, 
right,  correct. 

Recupero,  are,  dvi,  dtum.  To  re- 
gain. 

Red-do,  ere,  didi,  ditum.  To  re- 
store, return  ;  make  ;  render,  re- 
peat, recite,  give  up,  resign ;  as- 
sign. 

Red-eo,  Ire,  Ivi  or  ii,  Xtum.  To  go 
back,  return.     295. 

Redigo,  ire,  egi,  actum,  (red,  ago). 
To  force,  reduce,  compel. 

Redimo,  ire,  emi,  empium,  (red, 
emo).    To  ransom. 

Reditu*,  us,  m.  (redeo).  Return, 
revenue. 

Re-duco,  ire,  duzl,  ductum.  To  lead 
back,  reduce. 

Red-undo,  are,  dvi,  dtum.  To  over- 
flow ;  to  abound. 

Re-fercio,  Ire,  fersi,  fertum,  (re,  far- 
cio).     To  fill,  stuff,  cram. 

Re-firo,  ferre,  tuli,  latum,  (re- 
fero).  To  bring  back,  requite, 
return,  render,  place  among,  re- 
fer; refert,  imps,  it  concerns, 
matters. 

Refertus,  a,  um,  part,  (refercio). 
Filled. 

Refcio,  ire,  fid,  fectnm,  (re,  I 
To  repair,  restore  ;  recover. 

Rcjluo,  irc,J?uxi,  furum,  (re,  fluo). 
To  flow  b* 


RiSSl»ONDKOl 


LATIN-ENGLISH    VOCABULARY. 


197 


Re-fugio,  ere,  fugi,  fugXtum.  To  re- 
treat. 

Reglna,  ae,  f.     Queen. 

Regio,  dnis,  f.     Region,  country. 

Regius,  a,  um,  (rex).     Royal. 

Regno,  are,  avi,  atum,  (regnum). 
To  reign,  rule. 

Regnum,  i,  n.  (rex).  Kingdom, 
sovereignty,  government. 

Rego,  8re,  rexi,  rectum.  To  direct, 
rule,  manage. 

Regredior,  gxedi,  gressus  sum,  dep. 
(re,  gradior).     To  return. 

Regula,  ae,  f.  (rego).  Rule,  pattern, 
model. 

Regulus,  i,  m.  Regulus.  Marcus 
AtUius  Regulus,  a  distinguished 
Roman  consul  taken  prisoner  by 
the  Carthaginians  in  the  first 
Punic  war,  (186). 

Religio,  onis,  f.  Religion,  obligation. 

Re-linquo,  ere,  llqui,  lictum.  To 
leave,  desert. 

Reliquiae,  arum,  f.  pi.  Remnant, 
those  who  escaped. 

RelXquus,  a,  urn.  The  rest,  remain- 
ing, the  other.  Reliquum  est,  it  is 
left,  it  remains. 

Re-maneo,  ere,  mansi,  mansum.  To 
remain. 

Remedium,  ii,  n.     Remedy. 

Rcminiscor,  ci,  dep.  To  remem- 
ber. 

Re-mitto,  ere,  misi,  missum.  To 
send  back. 

Re-moveo,  ere,  movi,  mdtum.  To 
take  away,  remove. 

Remus,  i,  m.     Oar. 

Remus,  i,  m.  Remus,  the  brother 
of  Romulus,  (152). 

F-endvo,  are,  avi,  atum,  (re,  novo). 
To  renew. 


Renuniio,  are,  avi,  atum.  To  re- 
port, announce. 

Reparo,  are,  avi,  atum,  (re,  paro), 
To  renew,  repair. 

Re-pello,  ere,  puli,  puhum.  To  re- 
pel, drive  back. 

Repente,  adv.     Suddenly. 

Repentinus,  a,  um.  Unexpectedj 
sudden. 

Reperio,  Ire,  peri,  perium,  (re,  pa- 
rio).     To  find. 

Re-pleo,  ere,  evi,  Hum.  To  fill,  fill 
again. 

Re-pono,  %re,  posui,  posXtum.  To  re- 
place, restore,  lay  up. 

Re-porto,  are,  avi,  atum.  To  gain, 
bear  off. 

Reprehendo,  ere,  prehendi,  prchen* 
sum,  (re,  prehendo).  To  blame, 
censure. 

Repudio,  are,  avi,  atum.  To  reject, 
divorce. 

Re-pugno,  are,  avi,  atum.  To  resist. 

Re-quiro,  ere,  quislvi  or  ii,  quisltum 
(re,  quaero).  To  seek,  demand, 
require. 

Res,  rei,  f.  Thing ;  affair ;  state  ; 
deed,  reality,  battle;  res  gestae, 
exploits  ;  res  publica,  republic. 

Re-scribo,  ere,  scripsi,  scriptum.  To 
write  back,  reply  in  writing. 

Resideo,  ere,  sedi,  (re,  sedeo).  To 
sit,  remain,  sit  down. 

Resisto,  ere,  stiti,  sfitum.  To  op- 
pose, resist. 

Respectus,  us,  m.  (respicio).  Respect, 
regard. 

Respicio,  ere,  spezi,  spectum,  (re,  spe 
cio).  To  look  back ;  regard,  re- 
spect. 

Re-spondeo,  ere,  spondi,  sponsum. 
To  reply. 


198 


LATIN    READER 


[Rksponsd* 


Responsum,  i.  n.  (respondeo).  An- 
swer, response. 

Respublica,  rei  publlcae,  or  respub- 
lica, reipubllcae,  f.  Republic. 
126. 

Re-spuo,  8re,  spui.  To  cast  out,  eject ; 
reject,  refuse,  dislike. 

Restituo,  ere,  slitui,  stitutum,  (re, 
statuo).    To  restore. 

Re-tardo,  are,  dvi,  alum.  To  detain, 
retard,  check. 

JZetineo,  ere,  tinui,  tentum,  (re, 
teneo).    To  retain. 

Reus,  i,  m.     Criminal,  defendant. 

Reverentia,  ae,  f.     Reverence. 

Re-verto,  ere,  verti,  versum ;  rever- 
ter, dep.    To  come  back,  return. 

Re-vdco,  are,  dvi,  alum.     To  recall. 

Rex,  regis,  m.     King. 

Rhea,  ae,  f.  Rhea.  Rhea  Silvia, 
the  daughter  of  Numitor  and  the 
mother  of  Romulus  and  Remus, 
(152). 

Rhenus,  i,  m.  The  river  Rhine, 
(208). 

Rhodcmua,  i,  m.  The  river  Rhone, 
in  Gaul,  (208). 

Rhodius,  a,  um,  (Rhodos,  the  island 
of  Rhodes).  Rhodian,  of  or  be- 
longing to  Rhodes.  Rhodius,  ii, 
m.     A  Rhodian,  (143). 

Rideo,  ere,  si,  sum.  To  laugh,  to 
laugh  at. 

Ripa,  ae,  f.     Bank,  as  of  a  river. 

Rile,  adv.     Rightly,  in  due  form. 

Robur,  6ris,  n.     Strength. 

Robustus,  a,  um,  (robur).  Robust, 
strong. 

Rogatio,  6nis,  f.  (rogo).  An  asking, 
question ;  entreaty,  request. 

Rogo,  are,  dvi,  alum.  To  ask,  ques- 
tion. 


Roma,  a;,  f.     Rome,  (27). 

Romdnus,  ai  um,  adj.  (Roma).  Ro- 
man ;  subs.  Romdnus,  i,  m.  a  Ro 
man,  (26). 

Romulus,  i,  m.  Romulus,  the  foun- 
der of  Rome,  (154). 

Roscius,  ii,  m.  Roscius-,  a  Roman 
name.  Lucius  Roscius,  a  cele- 
brated tribune  of  the  people  and 
friend  of  Cicero,  (51). 

Rotundus,  a,  um.  Round,  sphe- 
rical. 

Rufus,  ij  m.  Rufus,  a  Roman  sur- 
name ;  as,  Publius  RutiUus  Rufus, 
(139). 

Rulna,  ae,  f.     Ruin,  fall 

Rullianus,  i.  m.  Rullianus,  a  Ro- 
man name.  Quinius  Fabius  Rul- 
lianus, master  of  the  cavalry  (ma- 
gisler  equxtum)  under  the  dicta- 
tor Papirius  Cursor,  (178). 

RumpOf  Zre,  rupi,  r upturn.  To 
breaK. 

Ruo,  ere,  rui,  ruMum  or  rulum.  To 
run,  rush  forth. 

Rupes,  is,  f.     Rock,  cliff. 
|  Rursus  (or  um),  adv.     Back,  again. 

Rus,  ruris,  n.  Country,  as  opposed 
to  citg. 

Rusticus,  i,  m.  Countryman,  farm- 
er, peasant,  husbandman. 

RutiUus,  ii,  m.  Rutilius,  a  Roman 
name.  Publius  Rutilius  Ru/us, 
a  Roman  consul,  slain  in  the  So* 
cial  war,  (139). 

S. 

&    An  abbreviation  for  Scxlus,  frp 

for  Spurius. 
Sabini,  drum,  m.  pi.    Tl 

people   of  Italy,  bordering   upon 

Latium,  (Vol). 


Sciextia] 


LATIN-ENGLISH    VOCABULARY. 


199 


Sacer,  sacra,  sacrum.   Sacred. 

Sacer  dos,  dtis,  m.  and  f.  (sacer). 
Priest,  priestess. 

Sacrijicium,  ii,  n.     Sacrifice. 

Sacro,  are,  dvi,  dtum,  (sacer).  To 
consecrate. 

Sacrum,  i,  n.  Sacred  rite  or  insti- 
tution; sacrifice. 

Saepe,  ius,  issime,  adv.     Often. 

Saevio,  ire,  ivi  or  ii,  Uum.  To  rage, 
be  cruel. 

Sagacitas,  dtis7  f.  Sagacity,  acute- 
ness,  shrewdness. 

Sagax,  dcis.     Acute,  sagacious. 

Sagitta,  ae,  f.    Arrow. 

Saguntum,  i,  n.  Saguntum,  a  town 
in  Spain,  on  the  Mediterranean, 
(189). 

Saguntini,  drum,  m.  pi.  The  Sa- 
guntines,  citizens  of  Saguntum, 
(189). 

Salamis,  is  or  inis,  f.  (ace.  Salami- 
na),  or  Salamlna,  ae,  f.  The 
island  of  Salamis,  off  the  coast  of 
Attica,  (217). 

Saluber,  bris,  bre,  (salus).  Health- 
ful, salubrious. 

Salus,  utis,  f.  Safety;  Salus  per- 
sonified, the  Roman  goddess,  So- 
lus, (20,  7). 

Salutaris,  e,  (salus).  Healthful, 
wholesome. 

Saluto,  are,  dvi,  dtum,  (salus).  To 
salute. 

Salve,  def.  verb.  Hail.  See  297,  III.  1. 

Salvus,  a,  um.    Safe,  unhurt. 

Samnltes,  ium,  m.  pi.  The  Sam- 
nites,  the  inhabitants  of  Samnium, 
in  Italy,  (178). 

Samus  or  Samos,  i,  f.  The  island 
Samos,  on  the  coast  of.  Asia 
Minor. 


Sancie,  ius,  issime,  (sanctus,  sacred, 
pure),  adv.  Chastely,  purely, 
conscientiously. 

Sanguis,  mis,  m.     Blood. 

Sannio,  onis,  m.  Sannio,  a  proper 
name,  (35). 

Sapiens,  entis.  Wise  ;  subs,  a  wise 
man. 

Sapienter,  ius,  issXme,  adv.  (sapiens). 
Wisely. 

Sapientia,  ae,  f.  (sapiens).    Wisdom. 

Sapio,  ere,  ivi  or  ui.  To  taste ;  to 
have  sense,  to  know,  understand, 
be  wise. 

Sardes,  ium,  f.  Sardis,  the  ancient 
capital  of  Lydia. 

Sardinia,  ae,  f.  The  island  of  Sar- 
dinia, west  of  Italy,  (188). 

Satelles,  itis,  m.  and  f.  Lifeguard, 
attendant. 

Satio,  are,  dvi,  dtum.  To  fill,  sa- 
tisfy, content. 

Satis,  adv.,  adj.,  subs.  Enough,  suf- 
ficient, sufficiently;  satis  habere, 
to  have  enough,  be  content. 

Saturnia,  ae,  f.  Saturnia,  the  town 
and  citadel  built  by  Saturn,  (148). 

Saturnus,  i,  m.  Saturn,  the  most 
ancient  king  of  Latium,  (148). 

Saucius,  a,  um.  Wounded,  injured, 
hurt,  sick,  intoxicated. 

Saxum,  i,  n.     Rock,  stone. 

Scaevola,  ae,  m.     See  Mucius,  (172). 

Scelestus,  a,  um,  (scelus).  Wicked, 
criminal,  infamous. 

Scelus,  eris,  n.      Crime,  wickedness. 

Scena,  ae,  f.     Scene,  stage. 

Schola,  ae,  f.  Leisure  devoted  tc 
learning ;  a  place  of  learning,  a 
school ;  a  lecture,  dissertation. 

Scientia,  ae,  f.  (scio).  Knowledge, 
science,  skill,  expertness. 


200 


LATIN   KEADEE. 


[Sew 


Scio,  scire,  scivi,  scitum.  To  know, 
understand,  have  knowledge. 

Scipio,  onis,  m.  Scipio,  the  name 
of  a  distinguished  Roman  family. 
See  Africanus,  (190). 

Scriba,  ae,  m.  (scribo).  Scribe, 
clerk. 

Scribo,  8rc,  scripsi,  scripium.  To 
write,  prepare. 

Scutum,  i,  n.     Shield. 

Scythia,  ae,  f.  Scythia,  an  extensive 
country  in  the  north  of  Europe 
and  Asia,  (215). 

Scythae,  drum,  m.  pi.  The  Scythi- 
ans, (215). 

Se-cedo,  #re,  cessi,  ccszum.  To  retire, 
withdraw. 

Secundum,  adv.,  and  prep,  with  ace. 
After,  behind,  next  to ;  according 
to,  by  the  side  of,  along. 

Secundus,  a,  urn.  Second,  favorable, 
prosperous. 

Sed,  conj.    But. 

Sedecim,  indec.  (sex,  decern).  Six- 
teen. 

Sedeo,  ere,  sedi,  sessum.    To  sit,  stay. 

Sedes,  is,  f.    Seat,  abode,  residence. 

Seditio,  onis,  f.     Quarrel,  sedition. 

Scdiliosus,  a,  um,  (seditio).  Muti- 
nous, seditious. 

Sedo,  are,  dvi,  citum.  To  allay,  quiet 

Segnis,  c.     Slothful,  inactive. 

Segnilcr,  ius,  issime,  adv.  (segnis). 
Sbthfully. 

jSdeucia,  ae,  f.  Seleucia,  a  city  of 
Syria  on  the  Orontes,  (206). 

Seme!,  adv.     Once. 

Sementis,  is,  f.     Seed  ;  sowing. 

Semianimis,  e.  Half-alive,  half-dead. 

Semper,  adv.     Always,  ever. 

Sempitcrnus,  a,  urn,  (semper).  Ever- 
lasting, imperishable. 


Sempronius,  ii,  m.     See   Cracctius, 

(190). 
Senator,  Oris,  m.  (senex).    Senator. 
Senatus,  us,  m.  (senex).     Senate. 
Senectus,  utis,  f.  (senex).  Old  age,  age. 
Senesco,  £re,  senui.      To  grow  old, 

become  aged ;  senescens,  entis,  be. 

coming  old,  aged. 
Senex,  senis.     Old,  aged.     168,  3. 
Senex,  senis,  m.  and  f.     An  old  man, 

an  aged  person. 
Senones,  um,  m.  pi.    The  Senones,  a 

powerful  people  in  Gaul,  (1*76). 
Sensim,    adv.   (sentio).      Sensibly; 

slowly,  gradually,  by  degrees. 
Sensus,  us,  m.      Sensation,   sense, 

perception. 
Sententia,  ae,  f.      Opinion,  sentence, 

sentiment,  maxim,  axiom,  purpose, 

decision. 
Sentio,  Ire,  sensi,  sensum.    To  per- 
ceive,   feel,    experience ;     think, 

judge. 
Sepelio,  Ire,  pellvi  or  ii,  pultum.    To 

bury. 
Sepio,  ire,  scpsi,  septum.     To  guard, 

shelter. 
Septem,  indecl.     Seven. 
Septimus,    a,    um,  (septem).      Se- 
venth. 
Scptingcntcslmus,    a,    um,    (septin- 

genti).    The  seven  hundredth. 
Septingenti,  ae,  a.     Seven  hundred. 
Septuagesimus,  a,  um,  (septuaginta), 

Seventieth. 
Septuaginta,  indecl.     Seventy. 
Sepulcrum,  i,  n.  (sepclio).     Grave- 
tomb,  sepulohrc. 
Sepultura,  ae,  f.  (sepelio).     Burial. 
Sequfinl,  Arum,  m.      The  Scquani,  a 

Gallic  people,   dwelling    on    tb? 

river  Sequana,  (23,  15). 


SOCIETAS] 


LATIN-ENGLISH    VOCABULARY. 


201 


Sequor,  sequi,  secutus  sum,  dep.    To 

follow,  succeed. 
Sergius,  ii,  m.     See  Catillna,  (207). 
Sermo,  onis,  m.     Speech,  discourse, 

conversation. 
Sero,  ius,  issXme,  adv.  (serus).    Late, 

too  late. 
Serpo,    ere,    serpsi,    serptum.       To 

spread,  extend. 
Serus,  a,  um.     Late. 
Servilius,  ii,  m.     Servilius,  a  Roman 

name. 
Servio,  ire,  Ivi  or  ii,  Hum.     To  be  a 

slave,  to  serve,  be  subject  to. 
ServXtus,  fdis,  f.  (servio).    Servitude, 

slavery. 
Servius,  ii,  m.     Servius,  a  Roman 

name.     Servius  Tullius,  the  sixth 

king  of  Rome,  (164). 
Servo,  are,  avi,  atum.     To  observe, 

keep ;  preserve. 
Ssrvus,  i,  m.     Slave. 
S-u.     Whether;   sen — sen,  whether 

— or. 
Sex,  indecl.     Six. 
Scxagcsimus,    a,     um,     (sexaginta). 

Sixtieth. 
Sexaginta,  indecl.     Sixty. 
Sexcentesimus,  a,  um,  (sexcenti).  Six' 

hundredth. 
Sexcenti,  ae,  a.     Six  hundred. 
Sextus,  a,  um,  (sex).     Sixth. 
Si,  conj.     If. 
Sic,  adv.     Thu3,  so. 
Siccus,  a,  um.     Dry. 
Sicilia,  ae,  f.      The  island  of  Sicily, 

(185). 
Sidus,  eris,  n.     A  group  of  stars,  a 

constellation. 
Significo,   are,  avi,  atum,  (signum, 

ficio).     To  show,  indicate,  mean, 

•icnify. 


Signum,  i,  n.  Mark,  sign,  indica- 
tion, standard. 

Silentium,  ii,  n.  Silence,  stillness, 
quiet,  repose. 

Sileo,  ere,  ui.  To  be  silent,  still, 
quiet ;  to  pass  over  in  silence,  not 
to  speak  of. 

Silvia,  ae,  f.     See  Rhea,  (152). 

Silvius,  ii,  m.  Silvius,  the  name  of 
several  kings  of  Alba,  the  first  of 
whom  was  the  son  of  Aeneas, 
(150,  151). 

Similis,  e.     Similar,  like.     163,  2. 

Similiter,  ius,  lime,  adv.  (similis). 
In  like  manner,  similarly,  in  a 
similar  way.     305,  2. 

Simonides,  is,  m.  Simonides,  a  cele- 
brated lyric  poet  of  Cea,  (132). 

Simul,  adv.     At  the  same  time. 

Simulatio,  onis,  f.  An  assumed  ap- 
pearance, pretence,  simulation,  de- 
ceit, hypocrisy. 

Sin,  conj.     But  if. 

Sine,  prep,  with  abl.     Without. 

Singularis,  e.  Single,  singular,  re- 
markable. 

Singulus,  a,  um.    Single,  one  by  one. 

Sinister,  tra,  trum.  Left,  on  the 
left. 

Sino,  ere,  sivi,  situm.  To  permit ; 
allow ;  situs,  put,  placed,  situated. 

Sinus,  us,  m.     Bosom,  bay. 

Si-quis  or  siqui,  siqua,  siquid  or  si- 
quod,  indef.  pron.  If  any,  if  any 
one. 

Sitis,  is,  f.     Thirst,  desire. 

Sobrius,  a,  um.  Sober,  temperate, 
moderate,  reasonable. 

Socer,  eri,  m.     Father-in-law. 

Socialis,  e,  (socius).    Social,  friendly. 

Societas,  tttis,  f.  (socius).  League, 
alliance,  partnership,  society. 


202 


LATIN   READER. 


[Socins 


Socius,  ii,  m.     Ally,  confederate. 

Socrates,  is,  m.  Socrates,  a  cele- 
brated Grecian  philosopher,  (20,  8). 

Sol,  solis,  m.     Sun. 

Solemnis,  e.  Stated,  established  ; 
religious,  solemn. 

Solemriiter,  adv.  (solemnis).  Sol- 
emnly, in  due  form. 

Soleo,  ere,  tins  sum.  To  be  accus- 
tomed, be  wont.     271,  3. 

Solidus,  a,  um.     Solid. 

Solitudo,  mis,  f.  (solus).     Solitude. 

Solilus,  a,  um,  (soleo).     Usual. 

Sollertia,  ae,  f.  Sagacity,  shrewd- 
ness. 

Solon,  onis,  m.  Solon,  a  celebrated 
Athenian  law-giver  and  one  of  the 
seven  wise  men  of  Greece,  (128). 

Solum,  adv.  (solus).     Only,  alone. 

Solus,  a,  um.     Alone.     151. 

Solutus,  a,  um,  (solvo).  Unrestrain- 
ed, dissolute. 

Solvo,  ere,  solvi,  sol'dum.  To  loose, 
unbind ;  to  pay. 

Somnio,  are,  dvi,  dtum,  (somnium). 
To  dream. 

Somnium,  ii,  n.     Dream. 

Somnus,  i,  m.     Sleep. 

Somtus,  us,  m.  (sono).  Sound,  noise. 

Sono,  &re,  ui,  itum.  To  sound,  ut- 
ter, speak,  call,  express,  mean. 

Sonus,  i,  m.  (sono).     Sound. 

Sophocles,  is  and  i,  m.  Sophocles, 
a  celebrated  Grecian  tragic  poet, 
(55). 

Sordidus,  a,  um.  Sordid,  soiled, 
filthy,  base,  mean. 

Soror,  oris,  f.     Sister. 

Sors,  sortis,  f.     Lot. 

Sparta,  ae,  f.  Sparta,  the  capital  of 
Laconia,  in  the  Peloponnesus; 
also  called  Lacedacmon. 


Spartdnus,  a,  um,  adj.  (Sparta). 
Spartan;  subs.  Spartdnus,  t,  m., 
a  Spartan,  (222). 

Spart&cus,  i,  m.  Spartacus,  a  cele- 
brated gladiator  who  waged  war 
against  the  Romans,  (204). 

Spatium,  ii,  n.     Space. 

Species,  li,  f.     Appearance,  guise. 

Spectaculum,  i,  n.  (specto).  Specta- 
cle, show. 

Specto,  are,  dvi,  dtum.  To  view, 
witness.  Spectdtus,  a,  um.  Tried, 
proved,  illustrious. 

Sperno,  £re,  sprevi,  spretum.  To 
despise,  reject,  contemn,  scorn, 
spurn. 

Spero,  are,  dvi,  dtum.  To  expect, 
hope ;  flatter  one's  self. 

Spes,  ei,  f.    Hope. 

Spolio,  are,  dvi,  dtum,  (spolium).  To 
rob;  spoil;  despoil. 

Spolium,  ii,  n.  Plunder,  spoil, 
booty. 

Spontis,  gen.  sponte,  abl.  sing.  Of 
or  for  himself,  itself,  of  one's  own 
accord,  on  one's  own  account,  vo- 
luntarily, spontaneously. 

Spurius,  ii,  m.  See  Poslumius  and 
Lucretius. 

Stabillias,  dtis,  f.  Immovability, 
steadfastness,  stability. 

Stadium,  ii,  n.  A  stadeor  stadium, 
a  measure  equal  to  606  English 
feet ;  race-course,  race-ground. 

Statim,  adv.  (sto).  At  once,  imme- 
diately. 

Statio,  onis,  f.  (sto).  Station,  post; 
residence. 

Statua,  ae,  f.  (statuo).     Statue. 

Statuo,  ire,  ui,  uium,  (status,  from 
sto).  To  determine ;  appoint, 
place. 


StTFFlCIO] 


LATIN-ENGLISH    VOCABULARY. 


203 


Statura,  ae,  f.  (status,  from  sto). 
Height,  size  of  the  body,  stature. 

Status,  xis,  m.  (sto).  State,  condition. 

Stella,  ae,  f.     Star. 

Sterno,  ere,  stravi,  stratum.  To 
prostrate. 

Sto,  stare,  steli,  staium.     To  stand. 

Strages,  is,  f.     Slaughter,  defeat. 

'Strang  ulo,  are,  avi,  dtum.  To 
strangle. 

Strenue,  adv.  (strenuus).  Vigor- 
ously, carefully. 

Strenuus,  a,  um.     Active,  valiant. 

Studeo,  ere,  ui.  To  study,  favor,  be 
attached  to  ;  to  devote  one's  self 
to ;  be  zealous. 

Studiose,  ius,  issime,  adv.  (studio- 
sus).     Diligently,  earnestly. 

Studiosus,  a,  um,  (studium).  Eager, 
desirous,  zealous;  friendly,  stu- 
dious. 

Studium,  ii,  n.  Zeal,  study,  desire, 
pursuit. 

Stultitia,  ae,  f.  (stultus).  Folly,  fool- 
ishness, simplicity. 

Stultus,  a,  um.  Foolish,  simple, 
silly. 

Suadeo,  ere,  suasi,  suasum.  To  ad- 
vise. 

Sub,  prep,  with  ace.  or  abl.  Under, 
at  the  foot  of. 

Sub  duco,  ere,  duzi,  ductum.  To  take 
away,  withdraw. 

Svbigo,  ere,  egi,  actum,  (sub,  ago). 
To  subdue,  conquer. 

Subito,  adv.  (subitus,  from  subeo). 
Suddenly,  unexpectedly. 

Sublime,  adv.  (sublimis).  Aloft, 
loftily,  on  high. 

Sublimis,  e.     High,  on  high. 

Sub~mergo,  ere,  mersi,  mersum.  To 
dip  or  plunge  under;  to  sink, 
J 


overwhelm,  submerge.    Pass.  To 
be  overwhelmed,  to  sink. 

Sub-rideo,  ere,  rlsi,  rlsum.  To  smile, 
laugh. 

Subsidium,  ii,  n.  The  reserve  ;  aid, 
reinforcement. 

Sub-silio,  ire,  silui  and  silii,  (sub, 
salio).  To  leap  or  jump  up,  leap, 
jump. 

Sub-sum,  esse,  fui.  To  be  at  hand 
or  near,  be  under. 

Subter,  prep,  with  ace.  or  abl.  Be- 
low, beneath,  under. 

Sub-traho,  8re,  traxi,  tr  actum.  To 
take  away,  remove,  subtract. 

Sub-venio,  ire,  veni,  ventum.  To 
come  to ;  to  aid,  relieve. 

Sub-verto,  ere,  verti,  versum.  To 
overturn,  overthrow,  destroy,  sub- 
vert. 

Succedo,  &re,  cessi,  cessum,  (sub, 
cedo).    To  succeed,  come  after. 

fJuccessio,  oris,  f.  (succedo).  Suc- 
cession. 

Successor,  onis,  m.  (succedo).  Suc- 
cessor. 

Successus,  us,  m.  (succedo).  Success. 

Suc-cumbo,  ere,  cubui,  cubllum.  To 
yield,  submit  to. 

Suffetius,  ii,  m.  SufFetius.  Metius 
Suffetius,  dictator  of  the  Albans. 
Having  been  summoned  to  aid 
the  Romans  against  the  Veien- 
tines,  he  drew  off  his  forces  at  the 
very  moment  of  battle,  and  await- 
ed the  issue  of  the  engagement. 
For  this  perfidy  he  was  put  to 
death  by  order  of  Tullius  Hosti- 
lius  (160). 

'do,  8re,  feci,  fectum,  (sub,  fa- 
cio).  To  substitute ;  be  sufficient, 
suffice. 


204 


LATIN   READER. 


[SUFFINDO 


Suffundo,   ire,   fudi,   fusum,  (sub, 

fundo).      To  spread    over,   pour 

through;  suffuse. 
Sui,  sibi.     Himself,  herself,  itself. 
Sulla,  ae,  m.     Sulla,  a  distinguished 

Roman    dictator     and     general, 

(202). 
Sum,  esse,  fui.     To  be. 
Summa,  ae,  f.  (summus).     Supreme 

power. 
Summoveo,  ere,  movi,  molum,  (sub, 

moveo).     To  remove,  displace. 
Summus.    See  Superus. 
Sumo,   ere,   sumpsi,   sumptum.     To 

take,  inflict. 
Sumplus,  us,  m.  (sumo).     Expense, 

cost. 
Super,  prep,  with  ace.  or  abl.  Over, 

above,  upon;  of,  concerning,  at, 

at  the  time  of. 
Superbia,  ae,  f.  (superb^).     Pride, 

haughtiness. 
Superbus,  a,  um.     Proud. 
Superbus,  i,  m.     Superbus,  the  sur- 
name of  Tarquin,  the  last  king  of 

Rome,  (1 07). 
Supero,  are,   avi,   atum,   (supSrus). 

To  surpass ;   conquer ;   pass  by, 

cro3S. 
Superstitio,  6nis,  f.  (supcrsto).     Su- 
perstition. 
Super-sum,  esse,  fui.    To  remain,  be 

left,  survive. 
Superus,  a,  um  ;  comp.   superior  ; 

superl.    suprcmus     or     summus. 

High,  above;  past,  former.     163, 

3. 
Super-venio,  Ire,   wni,  venticm.     To 

come  to,  surprise. 
Supplementum,  i,  n.     Supplies,  re- 
inforcement. 
Supplex,  tew,  (sub,  plico).     Humbly 


begging,   submissive,  beseeching, 
suppliant ;  subs,  a  suppliant. 

Supplieium,  ii,  n.     Punishment. 

Supra,  prep,  with  ace.  Above, 
upon. 

Supremus.     See  Superus. 

Surripio,  ire,  ripui,  repium,  (sub, 
rapio).  To  snatch  away ;  to  steal, 
pilfer,  purloin. 

Suscipio,  ire,  cepi,  ceptum,  (sub,  ca- 
pio).  To  bear,  endure  ;  receive ; 
undertake,  engage  in. 

Suspendo,  ere,pendi,  pensum,  (sub, 
pendo).     To  suspend,  hang  up. 

Suspensus,  a,  um,  (suspendo).  Un- 
certain, undecided;  anxious. 

Suspicio,  Onis,  f.  (susplcor).  .Suspi- 
cion. 

Suspicio,  Pre,  spexi,  specium,  (sub, 
specio).     To  suspect. 

Susplcor,  dri,  aim  sum,  (suspicio), 
dep.     To  suspect. 

Sustenio,  are,  avi,  atum,  (sustineo). 
To  hold  up,  support,  sustain ;  en- 
dure, suffer;  delay.     832,  I. 

Sustineo,  ere,  tinui,  tentum,  (sub, 
teneo).  To  sustain,  withstand; 
endure,  endure  the  thought  of. 

Suus,  a,  um.  His,  her,  its,  their; 
pi.  often,  one's  party,  frien.ls. 

Syraciisae,  arum,  f.  pi.  Syracuse,  a 
city  in  Sicily,  (185). 

St/racusdni,  6rum,  m.   pi.     T 
racusans,    the   citizens  of   Syra- 
cuse, (223). 


T\     An  abbreviation  of  Titus. 
Tabernacidum,  i,  n.     Tent. 
!  Taceo,    ire,  iacui,  taciturn.     To  by 

silent,  not  to  speak,  to  (MM 

in  sil 


Tekiutorium]  LATIN-ENGLISH   VOCABULARY. 


205 


Tacitus,  a,  um.     Silent,  secret,  tacit. 

Tactus,  us,  m.     Touch. 

Taedet,  ere,  taeduit  or  taesum  est,  im- 
pers.     It  disgusts,  wearies. 

Talentum,  i,  n.  Talent,  sum  of 
money,  somewhat  more  than 
$1,000. 

Talis,  e,  such. 

Tarn.     So ;  tarn — quam,  so — as. 

Tamert,  conj.     Yet,  nevertheless. 

Tametsi,  conj.  (tamen,  etsi).  Not- 
withstanding that,  although, 
though. 

Tanaquil,  Ills,  f.  Tanaquil,  the  wife 
of  Tarquinius  Priscus,  (165). 

Tandem,  adv.     At  length. 

Tanquam,  adv.     As,  just  as. 

Tantum.     Only. 

Tantus,  a,  um.  Such,  so  great,  so 
much ;  tanti  esse,  to  be  worth  the 
while. 

Tarcntum,  i,  n.  Tarentuin,  a  town 
of  Lower  Italy,  (184). 

Tarentini,  drum,  m.  pi.  The  Taren- 
tiues,  the  inhabitants  of  Taren- 
tum,  (180). 

Tarpeia,  ae,  f.  Tarpeia,  a  Roman 
maiden,  who  betrayed  the  citadel 
of  Rome  to  the  Sabines,  (156). 

Tarpeius,  ii,  m.  Tarpeius,  one  of 
the  seven  hills  of  Rome,  also  call- 
ed Capitol  inus.  The  Capitol  was 
erected  upon  it.  Afterwards  the 
;erm  Tarpeius  was  applied  to 
the  southern  summit  of  the  hill, 
(157). 

2yarquinii,  arum,  m.  pi.  Tarquimi, 
an  ancient  town  of  Etruria,  (49, 
10). 

Tarquinius,  ii,  m.  Tarquin,  the 
name  of  the  fifth  king  of  Rome 
and  of  his  descendants,  as  Tar- 
10 


quinius  Superbus,  the  last  king 
of  Rome;  and  Tarquinius  Colla- 
times,  the  colleague  of  Brutus  in 
the  consulship,  (169). 

Tectum,  i,  n.  (tego).  Covering,  roof; 
house,  edifice. 

Tego,  ere,  texi,  tectum.     To  cover. 

Telum,  i,  n.     "Weapon. 

Temere,  adv.     Rashly. 

Temeritas,  aiis,  f.  Rashness,  indis- 
cretion, temerity. 

Tempestas,  atis,  f.  (tempus).  Time  ; 
tempest,  storm. 

Tempestlve,  adv.  (tempestlvus,  time- 
ly). Seasonably,  just  at  the  time, 
opportunely. 

Templum,  i,  n.     Temple. 

Tempus,  oris,  n.  Time.  Tempora, 
times,  seasons,  events. 

Temidentus,  a,  um.  Drunk,  intoxi- 
cated. 

Teneo,  ere,  ui,  tentum.  To  hold, 
keep,  oceupy ;  obtain,  retain,  as  in 
the  memory. 

Tento,  are,  avi,  aium,  (tendo).  To 
try ;  attack.  332,  I. 

Tenus,  prep,  with  abl.  Up  to,  as 
far  as. 

Terentius,  ii,  m.     See  Varro,  (191). 

Ter-geminus,  a,  um.  Threefold; 
tergemini,  three  brothers  born  at 
a  birth. 

Tergum,  i,  n.     Back. 

Termino,  are,  avi,  atum,  (terminus). 
To  limit,  bound. 

Terminus,  i,  m.  Limit,  boundary; 
end. 

Terra,  ae,  f.     Earth,  land,  country. 

Terreo,  ere,  ui,  xtum.     To  terrify. 

Terrester,  tris,  tre,  (terra).  Terres- 
trial, on  land,  land  (as  adj.). 

Territorium ,ii,  n.     Territory. 


206 


LATIN   HEADER. 


[Terror 


Terror  oris,  m.  (tcrrco).  Terror, 
alarm ;  fear  of. 

Tertius,  a,  um.     Third. 

Testamentum,  i,  n.    Testament,  will. 

Testis,  is,  m.  and  f.     Witness. 

Testor,  art,  utus  sum,  (testis).  To 
affirjn  ;  call  to  witness. 

Tcstudo,  Inis,  f.     Tortoise. 

Thales,  is,  m.  Thales,  a  celebrated 
Grecian  philosopher  of  Miletus, 
one  of  the  seven  wise  men,  (114). 

Tltcatrum,  i,  n.     Theatre. 

Thebae,  arum,  f.  pi.  Thebes,  the 
capital  of  Boeotia  in  Greece,  (230). 

Thcbanus,  a,  um,  adj.  (Thebae). 
Theban,  (229);  subs.  T/iebanus, 
i,  m.,  a  Theban. 

Thclcsinus,  i,  m.  See  Pontius, 
(28,  10). 

Themislb'clcs,  is,  m.  Thcmistoclcs, 
a  celebrated  Athenian  commander, 
(132—134). 

Theocritus,  i,  m.  Theocritus,  a  ce- 
lebrated Grecian  poet,  (130). 

TJieophraslus,  i,  m.  Theophrastus, 
a  Grecian  philosopher,  a  disciple 
of  Hato  and  Aristotle,  (129). 

TJicrmopylae,  arum,  f.  pi.  Thermo- 
pylae, the  famous  defile  or  pass 
between  Locris  and  Thessaly, 
where  Leonidas  fell,  (218). 

TJiessalia,  ae,  f.  The  country  of 
Thessaly,  in  Greece,  south  of  Ma- 
cedonia, (210). 

Thcssalus,  a,  um,  adj.  Thessalian  ; 
subs.  Thcssalus,  i,  in.,  a  Thessa- 
lian, (243). 

Jliessidus,  i,  m.  Thcssalus,  a  native 
of  Thcsprotia,  in  Epirus,  who  is 
said  to  have  formed  a  settlement 
in  Thessaly,  and  to  have  given  his 
name  to  the  country. 


Thorax,  acts,  m.  Breastplate,  coatr 
of-mail,  corselet. 

Thracia,  ae,  f.  The  country  of 
Thrace,  east  of  Macedonia,  (231). 

Ttirasybulus,  i,  m.  Thrasybulus,  an 
Athenian  who  liberated  the  city 
from  the  Thirty  Tyrants,  (13(>, 
228). 

Thucydides,  is,  m.  Thucydides,  a 
celebrated  Greek  historian,  (77). 

Tibfris,  is,  m.  The  river  Tiber,  in 
Italy,  (153). 

Tiberius,  ii,  m.  Tiberius,  the  second 
Romun  emperor,  (145). 

Ticlnus,  i,  m.  Ticinus,  a  river  in 
Cisalpine  Gaul,  famous  for  the 
victory  of  Hannibal  over  the  Ro- 
mans, (190,  194). 

Tigrancs,  is,  m.  Tigranes,  son-in- 
law  of  Mithridates  and  king  of  Ar- 
menia, (205). 

Timeo,  Ire,  ui.     To  fear. 

Timidus,  a,  um,  (timeo).  Cowardly, 
timid. 

Timoleon,  ontis,  m.  Timoleon,  a 
Corinthian  general,  (51). 

Timotheus,  ei,  m.  Timotheus,  an 
Athenian  general,  son  of  Genoa, 
(49,  12). 

Thtt'uiitahulnnl,  ?',  n.      Bell. 

Tirts'nts,  ae,  m.  Tiresias,  a  cele- 
brated blind  soothsayer  of  Thebes, 
(24,  11). 

Tissaphemcs,  is,'va.  Tissapherncs, 
a  distinguished  Persian  satrap  of 
Lower  Alia,  under  Darius  ;  after 
wards  general  in  the  service  of 
Artaxcrxes,  (225). 

TUvt,  i,  ra.  Titus,  a  Roman  em- 
peror, (Ml).  S  ctius, 
(111). 

Tol/o,  ire,  nut&U.   mblrdum.     To 


TeigintaJ 


LATIN-ENGLISH    VOCABULARY. 


207 


raise,  take  up,  elate ;  take  away  ; 

destroy ;  discard. 
Tondeo,   ere,   totondi,    tonsum.      To 

shear,  clip,  crop ;  graze,  browse ; 

pluck,  gather. 
Torquatus,   «,  m.      Torquatus,   sur- 
name of   Titus  Manlius  and  his 
,    descendants,  (177). 
Torquis,  is,  m.  and  f.     Collar,  chain 

for  the  neck. 
Tot,  indecl.     So  many. 
Totidem,  indecl.     Just  as  many,  the 

same  number. 
Totics,  a,  um.     All,  the  whole,  some- 
times best  rendered  by  adv.  wholly, 

entirely.     151,  443. 
Tracto,   are,   avi,    alum.      To   use, 

treat,  manage. 
Trado,  ere,  dldi,  dXtum,  (trans,  do). 

To  deliver,  give,  consign  to ;  also 

to  relate,    say ;    iraditur  (when 

impers.),  it  is  said. 
Traduco,  ere,  duxi,  ductum,  (trans, 

duco).     To  lead  across,  transport. 
Tragoedia,  ae,  f.     Tragedy. 
Tragoeduts,  i,  m.     Tragedian. 
Traho,  ere,  traxi,  tractum.  To  draw ; 

protract  -,     delay,   detain,   derive, 

influence. 
Trajicio,    ere,  jeci,    jeetum,    (trans, 

jacio).     To  throw  over ;  to  cross  ; 

conduct  over,  lead  over. 
Trano,  are,  avi,  atum,  (trans,  no). 

To  swim  over. 
Trans,  prep,  with  ace.      Across,  be- 
yond. 
Trans-duco = traduco. 
Trans-eo,  ire,  Ivi  or  it,  itum.    To  go 

over,  to  cross.     295,  3. 
Trans-fero,  fcrre,  tuli,  ledum.     To 

transport,  transfer,  translate. 
Trans-figo,    ire,  fixi,    fixum.        To 
10 


transfix,   to    thrust    through,    to 

pierce  through. 
Transgredior,  gredi,    grcssus  sum, 

dep.  (trans,  gradior).     To  go  or 

pass  over. 
Transigo,    ere,   egi,    actum,    (trans, 

ago).     To  accomplish,  finish,  pass, 

spend. 
Transilio,  ire,   wi,  ii  or  ui,  (trans, 

salio).     To  leap  or  pass  over. 
TransXtus,  us,  m.  (transeo).  Passage. 
Trans-mar inus,   a,   um.      Transma- 
rine, over  the  sea. 
Trans-no — trano. 
Trans-porto,   arc,   avi,    atum.      To 

carry  or  convey  from  one  place  to 

another,  carry  across,  transport. 
Trashnenus,  i,  m.     Lake  Trasime- 

nus  in  Etruria,  (190). 
Trebia,  ae,  f.     The  river  Trcbia  in 

Cisalpine  Gaul,  (190). 
Trecentesimus,  a,  um,  (treccnti).  The 

three  hundredth. 
Trecenti,  ae,  a.     Three  hundred. 
Tredccim,  indecl.     Thirteen. 
Tremo,    ere,    fremiti.       To   shake, 

quake,  tremble,  quiver. 
Trepidus,    a,    um.       Alarmed,    in 

terror. 
Trcs,  tria.     Three. 
Tribunus,  i,  m.     Tribune. 
Tribuo,  ere,  ui,  ulum.     To  bestow, 

impute,  award. 
Tributarius,  a,  um.     Tributary. 
Tribntum,    i,    n.    (tribuo).        Tax, 

tribute. 
Tricesimus,  a,  um.     The  thirtieth. 
Triennium,   ii,  n.      The  space  of 

three  years,  three  years. 
Trigeminus = tergeminus. 
Tn'gcshnus = tricesimus. 
Trigmta,  indecl.     Thirty. 


208 


LATIN   READER. 


[TuirLEX 


7riplcx,  ids.     Triple,  threefold. 
Tripudio,  arc,  avi.     To  leap,  dunce. 
Tripus,  bdis,  m.    Tripod. 
Trircmis,  is,  f.  (tres,  renius).  Galley 

with  three  banks  of  oars. 
Trircmis,  c,  adj.  Having  three  banks 

of  oars. 
Trislis,  e.     Sad. 
Triumpho,    are,    avi,    atum,    (tri- 

umphus).      To    triumph,   have  a 

triumphal  procession. 
Triumphus,  i,  m.     Triumph. 
Troczen,    enis,   f.    (ace.    Troczlna). 

Troezen,  an  ancient  city  of  Argo- 

lis,  (217). 
Troja,  ae,  f.  The  city  of  Troy,  (33,  G). 
Trojani,  Drum,  m.  pi.  (Troja).     The 

Trojans,  (149). 
Trojanus,  a,  um,  (Troja).     Trojan, 

(236). 
Tropaeum,  i,  n.     Trophy,  victory. 
Trucido,  arc,  avi,  atum,  (trux,  cao- 

do).     To  slay,  massacre. 
Trux,  trucis.     Fierce,  stern. 
Tu,  tui.     Thou,  you. 
Tuba,  ae,  f.     Trumpet. 
Tublccn,  mis,  m.     Trumpeter. 
Tucor,  iri,  tiiitus  or  tuius  sum,  dep. 

To  look  upon  ;  preserve,  defend. 
Tullia,  ae,  f.      Tullia,  the  daughter 

of  Servius  Tullius,   and  wife  of 

Tarquinius  Supcrbus,  (1G6). 
Tullius,  ii,  m.    See  Servius,  (164). 
Tullus,  i,  m.     See  Hostihus,  (160). 
Turn.     Then;   turn — turn,  not  only 

— but  also ;  both — and. 
.'"ifiiitd.'uo,  tfre,  ori,  fdum,  (tumultus). 

To  make  a  noise  or  tumult. 
Tumultus,  ««,  m.  Tumult,  sedition. 
Tumulus,  i,  m.     Tomb,  grave. 
Time,  adv.     Then ;    tunc  to 

then.    396,  2,  4. 


Tunica,  ae,  f.  Tunic,  coat,  a  gar- 
ment  worn  under  the  toga, 

Turba,  ae,  f.  Crowd,  throng,  mul- 
titude. 

Turbo,  arc,  avi,  atum,  (turba).  To 
disturb,  throw  into  confusion. 

Turgcsco,  ere,  turgui.  To  swell,  to 
swell  with  passion.  , 

Turpllcr,  ius,  isstme,  adv.  (turpis, 
base).  Basely,  disgracefully,  in 
disgrace. 

Turris,  is,  f.     Tower. 

Tusculum,  i,  n.  Tusculum,  an  an- 
cient town  in  Latium,  (172). 

Tutor,  oris,  m.     Tutor,  guardian. 

Tuius,  a,  urn.     Safe. 

Tuus,  a,  um,  adj.  pron.  (tu).  Thy, 
thine,  your,  yours. 

Tyrannis,  idis,  f.  (tyrannus).  Ty 
ranny. 

Tyrannus,  i,  m.    Tyrant,  monarch* 

U 
Tiber,  cris,  n.    Udder,  dug. 
Ubertas,  litis,  f.   Richness,  fertility. 
Ubi,  adv.     Where,  when,  somcti»us 

iutcrrog. 
Ubii,  drum,  m.  pi.     The  Ubii,  an 

ancient  Germanic  people  dwelling 

on  the  Rhine,  (94). 
Ublnam,  adv.     Where,  in  what  part 

of? 
Ubique.     Everywhere. 
Ullns,  a,  um.     Any,  any  one.    181, 
Ulterior,  M  ;  superl.  ultimm.    Fur- 
ther, more  remote;   suj/crl.  last. 

166. 
Ul/io,  on  is,  f.     Revenge. 
Ultra,  adv.,  and  prep,  with  ;v 

yond,  more  than. 
Ultra,   adv.      Voluntarily,   of  uni-'t 

own  accord. 


Yasto] 


LATIN-ENGLISH    VOCABULARY. 


209 


Ululo,  are,  dvi,  alum.  To  howl,  to 
cry  aloud,  to  shriek. 

Umbra,  ae,  f.     Shade,  shadow. 

Unde,  adv.  Whence,  also  intcrrog. 
whence  ? 

Undccim,  indecl.     Eleven. 

Undequinquaginta,  indecl.  Forty- 
nine. 

Undevicesimus,  a,  um.   Nineteenth. 

Undtque,  adv.  From  all  quarters 
or  sides. 

Unguentum,  t,  n.  Ointment,  per- 
fume. 

Unguis,  is,  m.     Nail,  claw,  talon. 

Ungula,  ae,  f.     Claw,  talon,  hoof. 

Universus,  a,  um.  Whole,  entire  ; 
all  together. 

Unquam,  adv.  At  any  time, 
ever. 

Unus,  a,  um.     One,  alone.     175. 

Unus-quisque,  unaquacque,  etc. 
(unus,  quisque,  both  parts  de- 
clined).    Each,  each  one. 

Urbs,  urbis,  f.     City. 

Urgeo,  ere,  ursi.  To  urge,  drive; 
press  upon. 

Usque,  adv.  So  far  as;  usque  ad, 
even  to;  usque  eo,  to  such  an 
extent. 

Usurp  o,  are,  Civi,  dtum.  To  usurp, 
assume. 

Usus,  us,  m.  Use,  service ;  expe- 
rience ;  need. 

Ut  or  uti,  conj.  That,  as ;  after 
verbs  of  fearing,  that  not. 

Utcumque  or  utcunque,  adv.  How- 
ever, somewhat. 

Uter,  tra,  irum,  adj.  Which  ?  which 

1    of  the  two?     151. 

Uterque,  uiraque,  utrumque,  like 
uter.     Both,  each.     151, 4. 

Uti  I  is,  c.     Useful. 


Utilitas,  atis,  f.  (utilis).  Utility,  ser- 
vice, advantage. 

Utor,  uti,  usus  sum.     To  use. 

Utrimqice  or  utrinque,  adv.  On  both 
sides. 

Utrum,  in  double  questions.  Whe- 
ther. 

Uva,  ae,  f.  A  bunch  of  grapes,  a 
grape. 

Uxor,  oris,  f.     Wife. 


Vaco,  arc,  avi,  alum.  To  be  empty, 
vacant,  to  have  leisure  for ;  be 
free  from. 

Vacuus,  a,  um.  Vacant,  empty, 
free  from. 

Vadum,  i,  n.      Ford,  shallow  water. 

Vagitus,  us,  m.     Crying. 

Vagor,  ari,  atus  sum.  To  wander 
about. 

Vagus,  a,  um.  Wandering,  doubt- 
ful, uncertain,  vague. 

Valeo,  ere,  ui,  xium.  To  have 
strength,  avail,  be  well. 

Valerius,  ii,  m.  Valerius,  a  Roman 
name.  See  Publicola,  Laevinus, 
(169,  180). 

Valetudo,  mis,  f.  (valeo).  Habit, 
state  of  the  body,  health,  state  of 
health. 

Vanus,  a,  um.     Empty,  vain,  false. 

Varietas,  atis,  f.  (varius).  Variety, 
change. 

Varius,  a,  um.     Various. 

Varro,  onis,  m.  Varro,  a  Roman 
name.  Caius  Terentius  Varro,  a 
Roman  consul  defeated  at  Can- 
nae, (191). 

Vas,  vasis,  n.    Vessel,  dish,  vase. 

Vasto,  are,  dvi,  dtum,  (vastus).  To 
lay  waste,  devastate,  pillage. 


210 


LATIN    HEADER. 


[Vastcs 


Vastus,  a,  um.     Waste,  desert,  vast. 
Vales,  is,  m.  and  f.    Prophet,  pro- 
phetess. 
Vedigal,    alls,    n.       Tax,   income, 

revenue. 
Veho,  ere,  vexi,  vectum.     To  carry, 

bear. 
Veicntes,  um,  or  Veientani,  Drum,  m. 

pL      The  Veientians,   or  Veien- 

tines,  the  inhabitants  of  Veii  in 

Etruria,  (175). 
Vel,     conj.       Or,    even ;     vcl — vcl, 

either — or. 
Velox,  6cis.    Swift,  rapid,  fleet. 
Vel-ut,  or  vel-uti,  adv.     As,  like  as, 

as  if. 
Vendlis,  e.    To  be  sold,  for  sale, 

purchasable. 
Vendo,  ere,  dldl,  diium.     To  sell; 

sub  corona    venderc,   to    sell  as 

slaves. 
Venerium,  i,  n.     Poison. 
Vcnio,  ire,  veni,  ventum.      To  come. 
Venor,   dri,   dtus  sum,    dep.       To 

hunt,  chase,  pursue. 
Venter,  iris,  m.     Belly,  stomach. 
Ventus,  i,  m.     Wind. 
Venus,  eris,  f.      Venus,  the  goddess 

of  love,  (23). 
Verbum,  i,  n.     Word. 
Vereor,  cri,  verities  sum,  dep.     To 

fear,  to  be  afraid. 
Veritas,  dtis,  f.     Truth. 
Vero,  adv.  and  conj.  (verus)    Truly, 

indeed;  but. 
r.'v/r.s-,   is,  m.     Ycrrcs,   a    Roman 

name.       Caius    Cornelius    Vcnrs 

rendered  himself  notorious  by  his 

abuse  of  power  in  Sicily,  (43). 
V*no%  are,  dri,d(um,  or  versor,  dep. 

(verto).     To  turn  ;  busy  one's  self, 

be  fccupied  with.    882, 1.  2. 


Versus,  us,  m.     A  verse. 

Vertex,  icis,  m.  (verto).  Summit* 
top. 

Verto,  ire,  vcrti,  versum.     To  turn. 

Verum,  conj.     But. 

Verus,  a,  um.     True,  real. 

Vescor,  vesci.  To  enjoy,  feed  upon, 
live  upon,  to  eat. 

Vesper,  eris  or  eri,  m.     Evening. 

Vespera,  ae,  f.     Evening. 

Vesperasco,  ere,  vesperdvi,  (vesper). 
To  become  evening. 

Vesta,  ae,  f.  Vesta,  the  goddess  of 
the  hearth,  to  whom  a  perpetual 
fire  was  kept  burning,  (152). 

Vestdlis,  e,  adj.  (Vesta).  Vestal,  re- 
lating to  Vesta,  (152). 

Vester,  tra,  ti-um.     Your. 

Vesiibulum,  i,  n.  Vestibule,  en- 
trance. 

Vcstio,  Ire,  ivi,  Ititm,  (vestis).  To 
clothe. 

Vestis,  is,  f.     Garment. 

Vctcrdnus,  a,  um,  (vetus).  Vete- 
ran. 

Veto,  are,  ui,  ilum.     To  forbi  1. 

Veturia,  ae,  f.  Vcturia,  the  mother 
of  Coriolanus,  (174). 

Veturius,  ii,  m.  Veturius,  a  Roman 
name.  Titus  Veturius,  a  Romu 
consul  defeated  by  the  Samnitej 
at  the  Caudine  Forks,  (179). 

Vetus,  iris.  Old,  of  long  standing, 
ancient. 

Vdustas,  c.lis,  f.  (votes).  Antiquity, 
age. 

Vctustus,  a,  um.     Old,  ancient. 

Via,  ae,  f.     Way. 

Viator,  oris,  ni.     Traveller. 

Vhettmus,  O,  um.     Twentieth. 

.  a,  urn.    Neighboring. 
Ptcis,  gen.  f.     Change,  rerei 


"•*•        TuLTUSj 


LATIN-ENGLISH    VOCABULARY. 


211 


ternation,  requital ;  fate,  fortune ; 
in  vicem  or  vieem,  in  turn,  place. 
133,  1. 

Vicissitudo,  inis,  f.  (vicis).  Change, 
alternation,  vicissitude,  succes- 
sion. 

Victor,  oris,  m.  (vinco).  Con- 
queror. 

Victoria,  ae,  f.     Victory. 

Victus,  a,  ion,  part,  (vinco).  Con- 
quered, vanquished. 

Vicus,  i,  m.     Village. 

Video,  ere,  di,  sum.  To  sec  ;  pass, 
videor,  etc.,  to  be  seen ;  to  seem. 

Vigeo,  ere,  ui.  To  flourish,  thrive, 
be  in  force. 

Vigilantia,  ac,  f.  Wakefulness,  vi- 
gilance. 

Viginti,  indec.     Twenty. 

Vilis,  e.    Low,  cheap,  base,  vile. 

Vineio,  Ire,  vinxi,  vincium.  To 
bind. 

Vinco,  ere,  vici,  victum.  To  con- 
quer. 

Vinculum  or  vincium,  i,  n.  Fetter, 
chain. 

Vindex,  icis,  m.  and  f.     Defender. 

Vindico,  are,  avi,  dtum.  To  claim ; 
rescue,  defend ;  punish,  avenge. 

Vinolenlus,  a,  um,  (vinum).  Full  of 
wine,  intoxicated  with  wine. 

Vinum,  i,  n.     Wine. 

Violo,  are,  avi,  dtum.  To  violate,  do 
violence  to ;  profane,  harm. 

Vir,  viri,  m.     Man,  hero,  husband. 

Virga,  ae,  f.     Rod,  twig. 

Virgo,  tnis,  f.     Virgin,  maiden. 

Virgula,  ae,  f.     Small  rod,  rod. 

Virtus,  utis,  f.  (vir).  Manliness, 
bravery,  virtue. 

Vi$,vis,  f. ;  pi.  vires.  Power,  strength, 
force;  forces;   abundance. 


Viscus,  eris,  n.     Vitals,  bowels. 

Viso,  ere,  si,  sum.  To  view,  see, 
visit. 

Vita,  ae,  f.     Life. 

Vitis,  is,  f.     Vine. 

Vilium,  ii,  n.     Fault,  vice,  crime. 

Vitupero,  are,  avi,  dtum.  To  cen- 
sure, blame,  find  fault  with. 

Vivo,  ere,  vixi,  victum.     To  live. 

Vivus,  a,  um.     Living,  alive. 

Vocabulum,  i,  n.  Designation,  name, 
word. 

Voco,  are,  avi,  aium,  (vox).  To 
call,  name. 

Volo,  are,  avi,  aium.     To  fly. 

Volo,  velle,  volui,  irreg.  To  will,  be 
willing,  wish,  desire ;  sibi  velle,  to 
mean.     293  ;  389,  2. 

Volsci,  drum,  m.  pi.  The  Volsci  or 
Volscians,  a  people  of  Latium, 
(1*4). 

Volucer,  eris,  ere,  (volo).  Flying, 
winged  ;  swift,  rapid;  subs,  a 
bird. 

Volumnia,  ae,  f.  Volumnia,  the 
wife  of  Coriolanus,  (174). 

Voluntarius,  a,  um,  (voluntas).  Vo- 
luntary, willing,  spontaneous. 

Voluntas,  Ms,  f.  (volo).  Wish,  in- 
clination, good  will. 

Voluptas,  aiis,  f.     Pleasure. 

Voveo,  ere,  vovi,  votum.  To  vow, 
dedicate,  consecrate. 

Vox,  vocis,  f.     Voice,  word. 

Vulgus,  i,  n.  Populace,  coramoni 
people. 

Vulnero,  are,  avi,  dtum,  (vulnus). 
To  wound. 

Vulnus,  eris,  n.     Wound. 

Vulpes,  is,  f.     Fox. 

Vultus,  us,  m.     Countenance. 


212 


LATIN    KEADEE. 


A 


Xanthippus,  i,  m.  Xanthippus,  a 
Spartan  commander,  who  took 
Regulus  prisoner  in  the  first  Punic 
war,  (186). 

Xerxes,  is,  m.  Xerxes,  a  celebrated 
Persian  king,  (137,  217). 

Xencphon,  vncis,  m.     Xenophon,  a 


Greek  historian,  and  the  leader  of 
the  Greeks  in  the  famous  retreat 
of  the  ten  thousand,  (142). 


Zama,  at,  f.  Zarna,  a  town  of  Nu- 
midia,  in  Africa,  famous  for  the 
victory  of  Scipio  over  Hannibal, 
(19G). 


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The  secret  of  this  success  is,  that  the  author  has  hit  upon  the  true  system  of  teaching 
the  ancient  languages.  He  exhibits  them  not  as  dead,  but  as  living  tongues;  and  by 
imitation  and  repetition,  the  means  which  Nature  herself  points  out  to  the  child  learn- 
ing his  mother-tongue,  he  familiarizes  the  student  with  the  idioms  employed  by  the 
elegant  writers  and  speakers  of  antiquity. 

The  First  and  Second  Latin  Book  should  be  put  into  the  hands  of  the  beginners,  who 
will  soon  acquire  from  its  pages  a  better  idea  of  the  language  than  could  be  gained  by 
months  of  study  according  to  the  old  system.  The  reason  of  this  Is,  that  every  thing 
has  a  practical  bearing,  and  a  principle  is  no  sooner  learned  than  it  is  applied.  The  pupil 
is  at  once  set  to  work  on  exercises. 

The  Prose  Composition  forms  an  excellent  sequel  to  the  above  work,  or  may  be 
used  with  any  other  course.  It  teaches  the  art  of  writing  Latin  more  correctly  and 
thoroughly,  more  easily  and  pleasantly,  than  any  other  work.  In  its  pages  Latin  syno. 
nymes  are  carefully  illustrated,  differences  of  idioms  noted,  cautions  as  to  common  errors 
impressed  on  the  mind,  and  every  help  afforded  toward  attaining  a  pure  and  flowing 
Latin  style. 

From  N.  "Wheeler,  Principal  of  Worcester  Count)/  High  School. 

"  In  the  skill  with  which  he  sets  forth  the  idiomatic  pecnliaritie*.  as  well  as  in  the 
directness  and  svmplieity  with  which  ho  states  the  facts  of  the  ancient  languaj 
Arnold  has  no  superior.    I  know  of  no  books  so  admirably  adapted  to  awaken  an  inter- 
est in  the  study  of  the  language,  Of  so  well  litted  to  lay  the  foundation  of  a  correct  schol- 
arship and  refined  taste." 

From  A.  B.  Russell,  Oakland  High  School. 

"The  stvle  in  which  the  books  are  got  up  are  not  their  only  recommendation. 
thorough  instruction  on  the  part  of  the  teacher  using  these  hooks  as  te\t-books.  1  am 
eunfldent  a  much  more  ample  return  tor  the  time  and  labor  Lest  owed  by  OUT  vouth  upon 
Latin  must  be  Secured.  The  time  certainly  has  come  when  an  advance  must  l.e  made 
upon  (lie  old  methods  of  instruction.  1  am  triad  to  have  a  work  that  promises  so  main 
acvantagef  U  Arnold's  First  and  Second  Latin  Book  to  beginners." 

From  C.  M.  Blake,  Classical  Teacher,  rhiladeljrfiin. 

"  1  am  much  pleased  with  Arnold's  Latin  Books.  A  olftSfl  of  my  older  hoys  have  Juit 
finished  the  First  and  Second  Hook.  Tin y  had  studied  Latin  lor  a  long  time  belbr* 
but  nevwr  uiuUratvod  it,  they  say,  as  they  do  now." 


D.  APPLETON  &  CO.'S  PUBLICATIONS. 

Caesar's  Commentaries  on  the  Gallic  War. 

With  English  Notes,  Critical  and  Explanatory ;  a  Lexicon,  Geographi- 
cal and  Historical  Indexes,  a  Map  of  Gaul,  etc.  By  Rev.  J.  A. 
SPENCER,  D.  D.     12mo,  408  pages.  , 

In  the  preparation  of  this  volume,  great  care  has  been  taken  to  adapt  it  in  every  re- 
spect to  the  wants  of  the  young  student,  to  make  it  a  means  at  the  same  time  of  advan- 
cing him  in  a  thorough  knowledge  of  Latin,  and  inspiring  him  with  a  desire  for  further 
acquaintance  with  the  classics  of  the  language.  Dr.  Spencer  has  not,  like  some  commen- 
tators, given  an  abundance  of  help  on  the  easy  passages,  and  allowed  the  difficult  one* 
to  speak  for  themselves.  His  Notes  are  on  those  parts  on  which  the  pupil  wants  them, 
and  explain,  not  only  grammatical  difficulties,  but  allusions  of  every  kind  in  the  .text.  A 
well-drawn  sketch  of  Caesar's  life,  a  Map  of  the  region  in  which  his  campaigns  were  car- 
ried on,  and  a  Vocabulary,  which  removes  the  necessity  of  using  a  large  dictionary  and 
the  waste  of  time  consequent  thereon,  enhance  the  value  of  the  volume  in  no  small  de- 
gree. 

Quintus  Curtius : 

Life  and  Exploits  of  Alexander  the  Great.  Edited  and  illustrated 
with  English  Notes.  By  WILLIAM  HENRY  CROSBY.  12mo, 
386  pages. 

Curtius's  History  of  Alexander  the  Great,  though  little  used  In  the  schools  of  this 
T-ountry,  in  England  and  on  the  Continent  holds  a  high  place  in  the  estimation  of  classi- 
cal instructors.  The  interesting  character  of  its  subject,  the  elegance  of  its  style,  and  the 
purity  of  its  moral  sentiments,  ought  to  place  it  at  least  on  a  par  with  Cajsar's  Commen- 
taries or  Sallust's  Histories.  The  present  edition,  by  the  late  Professor  of  Latin  in  Eut- 
gers  College,  is  unexceptionable  in  typography,  convenient  in  form,  scholarly  and  prac- 
tical in  its  notes,  and  altogether  an  admirable  text-book  for  classes  preparing  for  col- 
lege. 

From  Prop.  Owen,  of  the  New  York  Free  Academy. 

"It  gives  me  great  pleasure  to  add  my  testimonial  to  the  many  you  are  receiving  In 
favor  of  the  beautiful  and  well-edited  edition  of  Quintus  Curtius,  by  Prof.  Wm.  Henry 
Crosby.  It  is  seldom  that  a  classical  book  is  submitted  to  me  for  examination,  to  which 
I  can  give  so  hearty  a  recommendation  as  to  this.  The  external  appearance  is  attractive; 
the  paper,  type,  and  binding,  being  just  what  a  text-book  should  be,  neat,  clear,  and  da. 
table.  The  notes  are  brief,  pertinent,  scholar-like,  neither  too  exuberant  nor  too  meagre, 
hut  happily  exemplifying  the  golden  mean  to  desirable  and  yet  so  very  difficult  of  at- 
tainment" 


D.  APPLETON  &  CO.'S  PUBLIC  A  TIONS. 


Select  Orations  of  M.  Tullius  Cicero  : 

With  Notes,  for  the  use  of  Schools  and  Colleges.  By  E.  A.  JOHN- 
SON, Professor  of  Latin  in  the  University  of  New  York.  12mo, 
459  pages. 

This  edition  of  Cicero's  Select  Orations  possesses  some  special  advantages  for  the  stu- 
dent which  are  both  new  and  important.  It  is  the  only  edition  which  contains  the  iin. 
proved  text  that  has  been  prepared  by  a  recent  careful  collation  and  correct  deciphering 
of  the  best  manuscripts  of  Cicero's  writings.  It  is  the  work  of  the  celebrated  Orelli,  Mad- 
vig,  and  Klotz,  and  has  been  done  since  the  appearance  of  Orelli's  complete  edition.  The 
Notes,  by  Professor  Johnson,  of  the  New  York  University,  have  been  mostly  selected, 
with  great  care,  from  the  best  German  authors,  as  well  as  the  English  edition  of  Arnold. 

From  Thomas  Chase,  Tutor  in  Latin  in  Harvard  University. 
"  An  edition  of  Cicero  like  Johnson's  has  long  been  wanted ;  and  the  excellence  of  the 
text,  the  illustrations  of  words,  particles,  and  pronouns,  and  the  explanation  of  various 
points  of  construction  and  interpretation,  bear  witness  to  the  Editor's  familiarity  with 
some  of  the  most  important  results  of  modern  scholarship,  and  entitle  his  work  to  a  large 
share  of  public  favor." 

"It  seems  to  us  an  improvement  upon  any  edition  of  these  Orations  that  has  been 
published  in  this  country,  and  will  be  found  a  valuable  aid  in  their  studies  to  the  lovtr* 
of  classical  literature." — Troy  Daily  Whig. 

Cicero  de  Officiis : 

With  English  Notes,  mostly  translated  from  Zcmpt  and  Bonnell.    By 

THOMAS  A.  THACHER,  of  Yale  College.     12mo,  194  pages. 

In  this  edition,  a  few  historical  notes  have  been  introduced  in  cases  where  the  Dic- 
tionary in  common  use  has  not  been  found  to  contain  the  desired  information ;  the  i 
of  which  is  to  aid  the  learner  in  understanding  the  contents  of  the  treatises,  the  thoughts 
and  reasoning  of  the  author,  to  explain  grammatical  difficulties,  and  inculcate  a  knowl- 
edge of  grammatical  principles.  The  Editor  has  aimed  throughout  to  guide  rather  than 
c.niy  the  learner  through  difficulties ;  requiring  of  him  more  study,  in  consequence  of 
liis  1h  lp,  than  he  would  have  devoted  to  the  book  without  it 

From  M.  L.  Stoevek,  Professor  of  the,  Latin  Language  and  Literature  in  Pennsyl- 
vania College. 

"  I  have  examined  with  mnch  pleasure  Prof.  Thachcr's  edition  of  Cicero  de  < 
and  am  convinced  of  its  excellence.  The  Notes  have  been  prepared  with  great  care  anil 
good  Judgment  Practical  knowledge  of  the  wants  of  the  student  hns  enabled  the  I 
to  furnish  just  the  kind  of  assistance  required ;  grammatical  dilTicultios  are  removed,  and 
the  obscurities  of  the  treatise  are  explained,  the  interest  of  the  learner  is  elicited,  and  his 
Industry  directed  rather  than  superseded.  There  can  bo  but  one  opinion  with  regard  to 
the  merits  of  the  work,  and  I  trust  that  Professor  Thacher  will  be  disposed  to  continue 
his  Ul-ors  »o  carefully  commenced,  in  this  department  of  classical  learning.*' 


STANDARD  CLASSICAL  WORKS. 


Arnold's  Greek  Reading  Book,  containing  the  Substance  of  the 
Practical  Introduction  to  Greek  Construing  and  a  Treatise  on 
the  Greek  Particles  ;  also,  copious  Selections  from  Greek  Au- 
thors, with  Critical  and  Explanatory  English  Notes,  and  a  Lexi- 
con.   12mo.    618  pages. 

Boise's  Exercises  in  Greek  Prose  Composition.  Adapted  to 
the  First  Book  of  Xenophon's  Anabasis.  By  James  R.  Boise,  < 
Prof,  of  Greek  in  University  of  Michigan.    12mo.    185  pages. 

Champlin's  Short  and  Comprehensive  Greek  Grammar.  By 
J.  T.  Champlin,  Professor  of  Greek  and  Latin  in  Waterville 
College.    12mo.    208  pages. 

First  Lessons  in  Greek ;  *  or,  the  Beginner's  Companion-Book 
to  Hadley's  Grammar.  By  James  Morris  Whiton,  Rector  of 
Hopkins's  Grammar  School,  New  Haven,  Ct.    12mo. 

Hadley's  Greek  Grammar,*  for  Schools  and  Colleges.  By  James 
Hadley,  Professor  in  Yale  College.    12mo.    366  pages. 

Elements  of  the  Greek  Grammar.    l2mo. 

Herodotus,  Selections  from;  comprising  mainly  such  portions 
as  give  a  Connected  History  of  the  East,  to  the  Fall  of  Babylon 
and  the  Death  of  Cyrus  the  Great.  By  Herman  M.  Johnson, 
D.D.,    12mo.    185  pages. 

Homer's  Iliad,  according  to  the  Text  of  Wolf,  with  Notes,  by 
John  J.  Owen,  D.  D.,LL.  D.,  Professor  of  the  Latin  and  Greek 
Languages  and  Literature  in  the  Free  Academy  of  the  City  of 
New  York.    1  vol.,  12mo.    759  pages. 

Odyssey,  according  to  the  Text  of  Wolf,  with  Notes  by 

John  J.  Owen.    Sixteenth  Edition.    12mo. 

Kuhner's  Greek  Grammar.  Translated  by  Professors  Edwabds 
and  Taylor.    Large  12nao.    620  pages. 

Kendrick's  Greek  Ollendorff.*  Being  a  Progressive  Exhibition 
of  the  Principles  of  the  Greek  Grammar.  By  Asahel  C.  Ken- 
drick,  Prof,  of  Greek  Language  in  the  University  of  Rochester. 
12mo.    371  pages. 

Owen's  Xenophon's  Anabasis.  A  new  and  enlarged  edition, 
with  numerous  references  to  Kuhner's,  Crosby's,  and  Hadley's 
Grammars.     12mo. 

Homer's  Iliad.    12mo.    759  pages. 

Greek  Reader.    l2mo. 

Acts  of  the  Apostles,  in  Greek,  with  a  Lexicon.  12mo. 

Homer's  Odyssey.    Tenth  Edition.    12mo. 

Thucydides.    With  Map.    12mo.    700  pages. 

Xenophon's  Cyropaedia.    Eighth  Edition.    12mo. 

Plato's  Apology  and  Crito.*  With  Notes  by  W.  S.  Ttlkr, 
Graves  Professor  of  Greek  in  Amherst  College.    12mo.    180  pp. 


YB  35661' 


STANDARD  CLASSICAL  WORKS. 


Thucydides's  History  of  the  Peloponnesian  War,  according 
to  the  Text  of  L.  Dindokf,  with  Notes  by  John  J.  Owen.  With 
Map.    12mo. 

Xenophon's  Memorabilia  of  Socrates.  With  Notes  and  Intro- 
duction by  R.  D.  C.  Bobbins,  Professor  of  Language  in  Middle- 
bury  College.    12mo.    421  pages. 

Anabasis.    With  Explanatory  Notes  for  the  use  of 

Schools  and  Colleges.    By  Jambs  R.  Boise,  Professor  of  Greek 
in  the  University  of  Michigan.    12mo.    393  pages. 

Anabasis.    Chiefly  according  to  the  Text  of  L.  Din- 


dorp,  with  Notes  by  John  J.  Owen.    Revised  Edition.    With 
Map.    12mo. 

Cyropaedia,  according  to  the  Text  of  L.  Dindokf, 


with  Notes  by  John  J.  Owen.    12mo. 
Sophocles's   (Edipus    Tyrannus.     With  Notes  for  the  use  of 
Schools   and   Colleges.     By  Howard  Crosby,  Professor  of 
Greek  in  the  University  of  New  York.    12mo.    138  pages. 


HEBREW   AND    SYRIAC. 

Gesenius's  Hebrew  Grammar.  Seventeenth  Edition,  with  Cor- 
rections  and  Additions,  by  Dr.  E.  Rodiger.  Translated  by  T. 
J.  Conant,  Professor  of  Hebrew  in  Rochester  Theological  Semi- 
nary, New  York.    8vo.    361  pages. 

Uhlemann's  Syriac  Grammar.  Translated  from  the  German. 
By  Enoch  Hutchinson.  With  a  Course  of  Exercises  in  Syriac 
Grammar,  and  a  Crestomathy  and -brief  Lexicon  prepared  by 
the  Translator.    8vo.    367  pages. 


D.  APPLETOff  &  00.,    549  &  551  BROADWAY,  N.    I., 

PUBLISH    UPWARD    OF 

300    SCHOOL    TEXT-BOOKS, 

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ish, Italian,  Hebrew,  and  Syriac ;  of  which  a  complete 

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